CN-121983738-A - Jacket for inhibiting thermal runaway of power battery

Abstract

The invention discloses a jacket for inhibiting thermal runaway of a power battery, which comprises a thermosensitive sheet, a gas generating structure, a power battery jacket and a power battery, wherein the power battery is arranged in the power battery jacket, the gas generating structure is arranged in a jacket cavity of the power battery jacket, holes penetrating through the upper wall surface of the jacket cavity of the power battery jacket are uniformly distributed, the thermosensitive sheet is filled in the holes, when the power battery is in thermal runaway, the power battery transmits heat to the thermosensitive sheet and the gas generating structure on the power battery jacket, the thermosensitive sheet in the holes volatilizes, the gas generating structure generates chemical reaction to generate aerosol, and the aerosol overflows from the holes and covers the power battery in thermal runaway, so that the thermal runaway of the power battery is inhibited. The invention can actively intervene in the initial stage of thermal runaway of the power battery, quickly reduce the temperature of the power battery, and is suitable for various thermal runaway scenes of the power battery, thereby actively and effectively inhibiting the thermal runaway of the power battery.

Inventors

• REN YANLUN
• Miao Houfang
• CUI MEIYING
• LI ZHIWEI
• DING XUQIANG
• LU ZHAONA

Assignees

• 南通理工学院
• 通孚能环(南通)科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20260407

Claims (8)

1. 1. The jacket for inhibiting the thermal runaway of the power battery is characterized by comprising a thermosensitive plate, a gas generating structure, a power battery jacket and a power battery, wherein the power battery is arranged in the power battery jacket, the gas generating structure is arranged in a jacket cavity of the power battery jacket, holes penetrating through the upper wall surface of the jacket cavity of the power battery jacket are uniformly distributed, and the thermosensitive plate is filled in the holes; When the power battery is in thermal runaway, the power battery transmits heat to the thermosensitive sheet and the gas generating structure on the power battery jacket, the thermosensitive sheet in the opening is volatilized, the gas generating structure is decomposed to generate aerosol, the aerosol overflows from the opening and covers the thermal runaway power battery, and the thermal runaway of the power battery is restrained; The gas generating structure comprises 30-45% by mass of ammonium cerium nitrate, 5-15% by mass of ammonium perchlorate, 5-15% by mass of nano boron powder, 2-8% by mass of polyglycolide, 10-15% by mass of hydroxyapatite and the balance of hydrated vermiculite.
2. 2. The jacket for inhibiting thermal runaway of a power battery according to claim 1, wherein the thermosensitive sheet comprises 80-85% of natural right-handed camphor, 12-14% of ethyl glycolate and the balance of lactic acid oligomer with molecular weight of 800-1200.
3. 3. The jacket for inhibiting thermal runaway of a power battery according to claim 2, wherein the thermosensitive sheet is prepared by the following steps: respectively weighing natural D-camphor, ethyl glycolate and lactic acid oligomer; Respectively grinding natural D-camphor and lactic acid oligomer, dropwise adding ethyl glycolate into the ground lactic acid oligomer, and grinding until the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain mixed powder; iii, adding the ground natural D-camphor into the mixed powder in batches, grinding until the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain the particle size Is a heat-sensitive powder of (2); and iv, filling the thermosensitive powder into a cylindrical die, pressing for 10-30 s under the pressure of 1-3 MPa, and demolding to obtain the thermosensitive sheet.
4. 4. A jacket for inhibiting thermal runaway of a power battery according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the diameter of the heat-sensitive sheet is 1-3 mm, the diameter of the heat-sensitive sheet is 0.1mm larger than the diameter of the opening, and the heat-sensitive sheet is filled in the opening by extrusion.
5. 5. The jacket for inhibiting thermal runaway of a power battery according to claim 1, wherein the gas generating structure is prepared by sequentially mixing ceric ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, nano boron powder, polyglycolide, hydroxyapatite and hydrated vermiculite, and grinding uniformly to obtain a particle size of Is a gas generating structure of (a).
6. 6. A jacket for inhibiting thermal runaway of a power cell according to claim 1, wherein the width of the jacket cavity of the power cell jacket satisfies: Wherein, the Representing the width of the jacket cavity of the power cell jacket, Indicating the maximum heat release amount of the thermal runaway of the power battery, Representing the empirical coefficient, the value interval is 0.02 ~5 。
7. 7. The jacket for inhibiting thermal runaway of a power cell of claim 1 wherein there is no gap mechanical contact between the power cell and the inner wall of the power cell jacket.
8. 8. The jacket for suppressing thermal runaway of a power cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power cell jacket has a thermal conductivity not lower than Is a heat conductive material of the above.

Description

Jacket for inhibiting thermal runaway of power battery Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of thermal runaway inhibition of power batteries, in particular to a jacket for inhibiting thermal runaway of a power battery. Background Currently, the new energy automobile industry has entered a new stage of large-scale development, and data show that in common accidents of the new energy automobile, the accident ratio caused by power system faults such as thermal runaway of a power battery, failure of an electric drive and the like is high, so that a great amount of personnel and property loss is caused, and the green transformation and the safety development of the transportation industry are seriously restricted. Heating, overcharging, needling, short-circuiting, squeezing, overdischarging, etc. may cause thermal runaway of the power battery, causing safety accidents, and thus efficient thermal runaway management of the power battery is very necessary. The existing thermal runaway protection technology of the power battery can be divided into three types, namely, passive heat insulation type, active fire extinguishing type and material modification type, wherein the passive heat insulation type is disclosed as patent application with publication number of CN115149202A and the name of a new energy automobile power battery thermal runaway protection device, the power battery thermal runaway protection device comprises a battery pack, a battery pack heat insulation layer and a heat release pipe, the battery pack and a vehicle can be protected under the condition that a battery monomer is in thermal runaway, the fire runaway and explosion are prevented, but the heat insulation material can only delay heat transfer, the chain reaction of the thermal runaway of the power battery cannot be actively restrained, the power battery is easy to fail when the thermal runaway is severe, and the heat release pipe needs to be started when the internal pressure is high enough, so that a time window blind area exists; the active fire extinguishing system realizes the thermal runaway protection of the power battery by means of an on-vehicle aerosol fire extinguisher or a perfluorinated hexanone spraying system, is triggered by an external temperature sensor, has response delay of 10-15 seconds, has short suspension time in a sealed battery pack, has inhibition efficiency of less than 70 percent, has environmental residue risk in part of fluorine-containing fire extinguishing agents, is modified by a material such as a patent application with the publication number of CN120389167A and the name of a high-safety battery design method for inhibiting thermal runaway and thermal spread, and is coated with a functional material with a certain thickness at the exposed part of an internal positive electrode current collector of the battery, wherein the functional material has high resistance property, inhibits the discharge effect of the battery caused by short circuit, has no inhibition capability on the occurred thermal runaway, and has lower cost of normal working condition performance, and can not cover non-short circuit type thermal runaway aiming at the single working condition. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the jacket for inhibiting the thermal runaway of the power battery, which actively intervenes in the initial stage of the thermal runaway of the power battery to quickly reduce the temperature of the power battery, and is suitable for various thermal runaway scenes of the power battery, thereby actively and effectively inhibiting the thermal runaway of the power battery. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: The jacket for inhibiting the thermal runaway of the power battery comprises a thermosensitive sheet, a gas generating structure, a power battery jacket and a power battery, wherein the power battery is arranged in the power battery jacket, the gas generating structure is arranged in a jacket cavity of the power battery jacket, holes penetrating through the upper wall surface of the jacket cavity of the power battery jacket are uniformly distributed, and the thermosensitive sheet is filled in the holes; when the power battery is in thermal runaway, the power battery transmits heat to the thermosensitive sheet and the gas generating structure on the power battery jacket, the thermosensitive sheet in the opening is volatilized, the gas generating structure is decomposed to generate aerosol, the aerosol overflows from the opening and covers the thermal runaway power battery, and the thermal runaway of the power battery is restrained. Further, the thermosensitive sheet comprises 80-85% of natural right-handed camphor, 12-14% of ethyl glycolate and the balance of lactic acid oligomer with molecular weight of 800-1200. Further, the preparation process of the thermosensitive sheet comprises the foll