Search

CN-121983778-A - Single-layer gap waveguide antenna covering full frequency band

CN121983778ACN 121983778 ACN121983778 ACN 121983778ACN-121983778-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a single-layer gap waveguide antenna covering a full frequency band. The antenna comprises a substrate, wherein a PCB port-waveguide port conversion structure and a plurality of radiation antennas are arranged on the substrate, the conversion structure comprises a 0-degree PCB port-waveguide port, a 90-degree PCB port-waveguide port and a central PCB port-waveguide port, the radiation antennas comprise a plurality of antenna metal upright posts, antenna waveguide ridges, a plurality of rectangular radiation openings and a plurality of electromagnetic band gap structures, the antenna metal upright posts are used for suppressing leakage waves, adjusting bias quantity and impedance, the antenna waveguide ridges are used for reducing the cut-off frequency of a gap waveguide feeder line, the rectangular radiation openings are used for enhancing radiation through resonance and adjusting radiation amplitude and sidelobe level, and the electromagnetic band gap structures are arranged around the rectangular radiation openings and are used for improving isolation and beam shaping between adjacent antennas. The invention realizes 76-81GHz continuous coverage on the premise of not increasing lamination, and has stable main lobe and low side lobe in the band.

Inventors

  • QI JIANTING
  • WANG HONGQING
  • ZHU YANBO

Assignees

  • 南京楚航科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260408

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The single-layer gap waveguide antenna covering the full frequency band is characterized by comprising an integrated single-layer gap waveguide, wherein the single-layer gap waveguide and the metallized surface of the PCB jointly form a closed waveguide channel; The single-layer gap waveguide comprises a substrate, wherein a conversion structure of a PCB port-waveguide port and a plurality of radiation antennas are arranged on the substrate; The conversion structure comprises a 0-degree PCB port-waveguide port, a 90-degree PCB port-waveguide port and a central PCB port-waveguide port, wherein the 0-degree PCB port-waveguide port, the 90-degree PCB port-waveguide port and the central PCB port-waveguide port are all used for realizing energy conversion between the PCB waveguide port and the radiation antenna on a PCB; Each radiating antenna includes: The antenna metal stand columns are arranged on one side of the substrate facing the PCB and used for suppressing leakage waves and adjusting offset and impedance; The antenna waveguide ridge is arranged on one side of the substrate facing the PCB and is used for reducing the cut-off frequency of the gap waveguide feeder line and improving the working bandwidth of the broadband high-performance radiation antenna; The rectangular radiation openings are arranged on the substrate in a penetrating manner, are used for enhancing radiation through resonance, adjusting radiation amplitude and side lobe level, and are matched with the electromagnetic band gap structure to realize electromagnetic wave radiation; The plurality of electromagnetic band gap structures are arranged on one side of the substrate far away from the PCB and are arranged around the plurality of rectangular radiation openings so as to improve isolation and beam shaping between adjacent antennas.
  2. 2. A single-layer gap waveguide antenna covering a full frequency band as in claim 1 wherein the 0 ° PCB port-waveguide port comprises: the first waveguide ridge is used for adjusting impedance and comprises a first Y-shaped waveguide ridge and a first linear waveguide ridge connected with one end of the first Y-shaped waveguide ridge, and an included angle between the first Y-shaped waveguide ridge and the first linear waveguide ridge is 0 degree; the first metal stand columns are arranged around the first waveguide ridges and form inter-ridge waveguide transmission lines together with the first waveguide ridges, and one ends, close to the PCB, of the first metal stand columns are arranged at intervals with the PCB.
  3. 3. The single-layer gap waveguide antenna of claim 2, wherein an end of the first Y-shaped waveguide ridge far from the first linear waveguide ridge is respectively connected with the metal pillars S1 and S2, 2 of the plurality of first metal pillars are respectively arranged at two sides of the first Y-shaped waveguide ridge at intervals, and the rest of the first metal pillars are arranged at two sides of the first linear waveguide ridge at intervals.
  4. 4. A single-layer gap waveguide antenna covering a full frequency band as in claim 1 wherein the 90 ° PCB port-waveguide port comprises: The second waveguide ridge is used for adjusting impedance and comprises a second Y-shaped waveguide ridge and a second linear waveguide ridge connected with one end of the second Y-shaped waveguide ridge, and the included angle between the second Y-shaped waveguide ridge and the second linear waveguide ridge is 90 degrees; The second metal upright posts are arranged around the second waveguide ridges and form inter-ridge waveguide transmission lines together with the second waveguide ridges, and one end, close to the PCB, of each second metal upright post is arranged at intervals with the PCB.
  5. 5. The single-layer gap waveguide antenna of claim 4, wherein one end of the second Y-shaped waveguide ridge far from the second linear waveguide ridge is connected with the metal posts S3 and S4, respectively, 3 of the second metal posts are disposed outside the second Y-shaped waveguide ridge, and the rest of the second metal posts are disposed at two sides of the second linear waveguide ridge.
  6. 6. A single-layer gap waveguide antenna covering a full frequency band as in claim 1 wherein the central PCB port-waveguide port comprises: the third waveguide ridge is used for adjusting impedance and comprises a third Y-shaped waveguide ridge and an obtuse angle V-shaped waveguide ridge connected with one end of the third Y-shaped waveguide ridge; the third metal stand columns are arranged around the third waveguide ridges and form inter-ridge waveguide transmission lines together with the third waveguide ridges, and one end, close to the PCB, of each third metal stand column is arranged at intervals with the PCB.
  7. 7. The single-layer gap waveguide antenna of claim 6, wherein one end of the third Y-shaped waveguide ridge far from the obtuse V-shaped waveguide ridge is connected with the metal post S5 and the metal post S6 respectively, 2 of the plurality of third metal posts are disposed outside the third Y-shaped waveguide ridge, and the rest of the third metal posts are disposed on two sides of the obtuse V-shaped waveguide ridge.
  8. 8. The single-layer gap waveguide antenna of claim 1, wherein the number of the radiating antennas is 8, 4 radiating antennas are transmitting channels, respectively TX1 channel, TX2 channel, TX3 channel and TX4 channel, the remaining 4 radiating antennas are receiving channels, respectively RX1 channel, RX2 channel, RX3 channel and RX4 channel, and a plurality of metal posts are shared between the partial conversion structures.
  9. 9. The full band covered single layer gap waveguide antenna of claim 1, wherein the rectangular radiating openings comprise two first rectangular radiating openings arranged in mirror symmetry and two second rectangular radiating openings arranged in mirror symmetry, the two second rectangular radiating openings are respectively arranged on two sides of the two first rectangular radiating openings, the width of the second rectangular radiating openings is smaller than that of the first rectangular radiating openings so as to reduce the level of side lobes, and the outer sides of the rectangular radiating openings are locally convex so as to be matched with the surface of the electromagnetic band gap structure.
  10. 10. The full band single layer gap waveguide antenna of claim 9 wherein the first rectangular radiating opening is spaced from the adjacent second rectangular radiating opening by a center-to-center distance of half a wavelength in the gap waveguide, and wherein the first and second rectangular radiating openings are half a wavelength in air to form a strong resonance.

Description

Single-layer gap waveguide antenna covering full frequency band Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a single-layer gap waveguide antenna covering a full frequency band. Background Along with the evolution of the intelligent network-connected automobile from auxiliary driving to a higher automation stage, the whole automobile perception system increasingly goes to multi-source fusion. The millimeter wave radar provides capability complementary with the sensor based on different electromagnetic sensing mechanisms, namely, the millimeter wave radar has stronger penetrating power and running stability in low-visibility environments such as rain, fog, sand dust and the like, and the millimeter wave radar acquires early scattering information of a shielded target when shielding exists by utilizing diffraction characteristics of electromagnetic waves so as to form sensing in advance. The characteristics are of great significance in urban and high-speed complex hybridization scenes (such as pedestrians/riders which are blocked and suddenly cross, static targets which are hidden by front vehicles and the like). In the aspect of the functional division of vehicle-mounted application, the forward millimeter wave radar is mainly oriented to working conditions such as middle-long-distance longitudinal target detection, cut-in/cut-out monitoring and the like, and the angle radar (front/rear angle) covers middle-short-distance areas on two sides and opposite angles of a vehicle body and is used for serving the scenes such as parallel line, lane changing, blind area monitoring, cross incoming early warning, low-speed turning and parking. The millimeter wave radar is migrating from the PCB antenna to the waveguide antenna, which benefits from the improvement of the integration level of the SoC/LOP chip of the radar and the advantages of the waveguide antenna in low loss, broadband and weather resistance. However, the existing waveguide antennas still have the following disadvantages in mass production applications: 1. in order to realize the target radiation and feed characteristics, a double-layer or multi-layer cavity structure is often adopted. Lamination, brazing or equivalent fixing processes are adopted between layers, so that the manufacturing complexity and cost are remarkably high (the increase of the lamination number brings about the doubling of the mold opening and the assembly procedures), and the assembly tolerance and the yield are sensitive. 2. The effective bandwidth of the double-layer gap waveguide is generally only about 1-2GHz, is mainly limited by the bandwidth of the directional diagram (the pitching directional diagram is easy to incline and degrade after deviating from the optimal performance window), is difficult to cover the full band of 76-81GHz, and is generally increased to three layers to be close to the full band coverage. Furthermore, the scheme is often matched with staggered slot radiating units, slot openings are staggered left and right instead of being arranged along the same vertical reference, and the geometric is characterized in that the pattern degradation such as elevation of a pitching side lobe is easily introduced under the observation of a large azimuth angle while the bandwidth is replaced. Although the gap waveguide layers may not be bonded over the full area, the increased stack adds to the number of open molds and assembly complexity and manufacturing costs and introduces layer alignment and uniformity risks. 3. The systematic influence of limited frequency band coverage is that when an effective bandwidth window is insufficient, application scenes such as parking and the like requiring bandwidths larger than 4GHz are forced to work on a low-performance sub-band, so that the distance/speed/angle resolution and robustness are reduced, the flexible configuration capability of waveforms and sub-bands is weakened due to limited frequency spectrum resources, and the mutual interference of the same-frequency or asynchronous radars in the environment is difficult to effectively avoid. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a single-layer gap waveguide antenna for covering a full frequency band, aiming at the defects in the prior art. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a single-layer gap waveguide antenna covering a full frequency band, which comprises an integrated single-layer gap waveguide, wherein the single-layer gap waveguide and a metallized surface of a PCB jointly form a closed waveguide channel; The single-layer gap waveguide comprises a substrate, wherein a conversion structure of a PCB port-waveguide port and a plurality of radiation antennas are arranged on the substrate; The conversion structure comprises a 0-degree PCB port-waveguide port, a 90-degree PCB port-waveguide port and a central PCB port-waveguide port, wherein the 0-degree PCB port-waveguide port, the 90-degre