CN-121984210-A - Power supply and distribution control method for offshore wind-solar complementary direct-supply type submarine data center

Abstract

The invention provides a power supply and distribution control method of an offshore wind-solar complementary direct-supply type submarine data center, which is characterized in that wind power and photovoltaic power are collected to an onshore substation through the same alternating-current transmission channel and converted into first alternating-current voltage to generate direct-current bus voltage, the direct-current bus directly supplies information processing load, the first alternating-current voltage drives a cooling system, a multi-time scale energy storage system comprising a super capacitor, a flow battery and a standby power supply is configured to respectively stabilize second-level, minute-hour-level and longer-period power fluctuation, and load and charge and discharge are cooperatively scheduled based on wind-solar output prediction and energy storage charge states. The method reduces the transmission cost and the conversion loss, improves the green electricity consumption rate and the power supply quality, reduces the dependence of outsourcing electricity, and realizes high-efficiency, stable and low-carbon operation.

Inventors

• LIU JINLIAN
• WANG DEYOU
• WU HAOTIAN
• WEI WUQING
• JIANG KUAN
• LUO QIN
• WANG QIUYUAN
• TONG FAN
• LI QINGXIN

Assignees

• 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20260114

Claims (14)

1. 1. A power supply and distribution control method for an offshore wind-solar complementary direct-supply type submarine data center is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, collecting electric energy generated by offshore wind power and offshore photovoltaic through the same alternating current transmission channel, and conveying the electric energy to an onshore substation; s2, converting the collected alternating current into a first alternating current voltage at an onshore substation, and generating a direct current bus voltage based on the first alternating current voltage; S3, directly supplying power to an information processing load of the submarine data center by using the voltage of the direct current bus, and driving a cooling system by using the first alternating current voltage; s4, configuring a multi-time scale cooperative energy storage system, wherein the energy storage system comprises a super capacitor unit, a flow battery unit and a standby power supply unit; S5, stabilizing second-level power fluctuation through the super capacitor unit, stabilizing minute-to-hour-level power fluctuation through the flow battery unit, and coping with power fluctuation above the hour level through the standby power supply unit; S6, based on wind-light output prediction information, combining the charge state of the energy storage system, and performing cooperative scheduling control on the load of the submarine data center and the charge and discharge of the energy storage system.
2. 2. The offshore wind and solar complementary direct-supply type submarine data center power supply and distribution control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step S1, electric energy generated by offshore photovoltaic is direct current, the direct current is converted into alternating current through an inverter after direct current is converged, and the alternating current generated by offshore wind power are jointly connected into the same alternating current transmission channel; in step S2, the collected alternating current is converted into a first alternating current voltage by the solid-state transformer, and the solid-state transformer is operated under light load by the formula Regulating an output voltage, wherein For the actual output voltage of the solid-state transformer, For the rated output voltage of the solid-state transformer, In order to be a voltage regulation factor, The load factor of the solid-state transformer; The first alternating voltage is converted to a direct current bus voltage by an active rectifier.
3. 3. The offshore wind and solar hybrid direct-supply type submarine data center power supply and distribution control method according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, when the first alternating-current voltage and the direct-current bus voltage are generated, a layered optimization strategy is adopted, and the layered optimization strategy comprises: An integrated power distribution architecture with a solid-state transformer matched with a direct-current bus is adopted; the solid-state transformer adopts a wide bandgap semiconductor device, the active rectifier adopts a high-frequency switch control mode, the cooling system adopts a variable frequency driving pump set, and the power and the rotating speed of the pump set meet In which For the operating power of the pump set, n is the rotation speed of the pump group; The seawater temperature and the information processing load rate are monitored in real time, the rotation speed of the cooling pump and the cooling water flow are dynamically regulated according to the monitoring result, and meanwhile, the solid-state transformer is controlled to be switched between a rated operation condition and a light load optimization condition.
4. 4. The offshore wind and solar hybrid direct-supply type submarine data center power supply and distribution control method according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, the cooperative scheduling control is based on a multi-time-scale cooperative regulation algorithm, and the multi-time-scale cooperative regulation algorithm comprises: The self-adaptive filtering algorithm is adopted to decompose the total wind-solar output into an average component, a high-frequency fluctuation component and a low-frequency fluctuation component, and the power compensation is carried out on the high-frequency fluctuation component through the super capacitor unit; Setting a charging trigger power threshold and a discharging trigger power threshold based on the ultra-short-term prediction result of wind-light power, and controlling the flow battery unit to charge when the total wind-light output is higher than the sum of the load power and the charging trigger power threshold; According to a wind-light output prediction curve of a future preset period, scheduling an execution period of a non-real-time flexible calculation task in a submarine data center, and when wind-light output is insufficient, adjusting operation parameters of an information processing load to match with current energy supply capacity.
5. 5. The offshore wind and solar hybrid direct-supply type submarine data center power supply and distribution control method according to claim 4, wherein the scheduling of the multi-time-scale collaborative energy storage system meets the following constraint conditions: Power balance constraint: ; Wherein the method comprises the steps of For subsea data center load power at time t, For the wind power output at the moment t, The output power is the photovoltaic output at the moment t, The discharge power of the flow battery unit at the moment t, The charging power of the flow battery unit at the moment t, For the outsourcing of the electric power at time t, Generating power for a standby power supply unit at the moment t; state of charge constraints, namely, the state of charge of the flow battery unit is maintained between a preset minimum state of charge threshold value and a maximum state of charge threshold value; capacity evolution constraint: wherein The state of charge of the flow battery unit at the moment t, The charge efficiency of the flow battery cell is improved, For the discharge efficiency of the flow battery cell, For the rated capacity of the flow battery cell, For scheduling time intervals.
6. 6. The offshore wind and solar hybrid direct-supply type submarine data center power supply and distribution control method is characterized in that rated capacity of a flow battery unit is determined according to matching of load fluctuation range and energy storage duration requirement of the submarine data center; the standby power supply unit comprises a diesel generator, the starting condition of the diesel generator is that the state of charge of the flow battery unit is lower than an emergency state of charge threshold value, and the power shortage state continuously reaches a preset starting delay time; and the outsourcing electricity is connected into the power supply and distribution system through the high-voltage submarine cable.
7. 7. The offshore wind and solar hybrid direct-supply type submarine data center power supply and distribution control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step S6, when wind and solar power output prediction information is obtained, a wind and solar power output prediction optimization step based on an improved sparrow search algorithm is added, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: s61, collecting historical wind and light output data, meteorological data and equipment operation state data, constructing a prediction data set, and carrying out normalization processing on the data set to eliminate dimension differences, wherein the meteorological data comprise wind speed, illumination intensity, temperature and cloud cover coverage rate; S62, initializing sparrow search algorithm parameters including population scale, iteration times, finder proportion and guard proportion, and setting fitness function as root mean square error of predicted value and actual value Wherein For the actual wind-solar power output value, N is the number of data samples, which is the predicted value; S63, iteratively updating the population positions, namely updating the positions by a finder according to a preset formula, updating the positions by a follower along with the positions of the optimal finder, judging the safety of the environment by a warning person, and updating the positions based on the global optimal positions if the warning person is in a dangerous area; S64, calculating an individual fitness value after each iteration, reserving parameters corresponding to the global optimal position, inputting the global optimal parameters into a BP neural network prediction model after the iteration is finished, and outputting a wind-light output predicted value of a future preset period of time to serve as wind-light output predicted information.
8. 8. The offshore wind and solar hybrid direct-supply type submarine data center power supply and distribution control method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, when the cooling system is driven by the first alternating voltage, a cooling system self-adaptive control step based on fuzzy PID is added, and the method comprises the following steps: s31, determining the input quantity and output quantity of the fuzzy PID controller, wherein the input quantity is the seawater temperature deviation And the deviation change rate ec, the output quantity is the proportionality coefficient of the PID controller Integral coefficient Differential coefficient Seawater temperature deviation The deviation change rate ec is the deviation of the sea water temperature Derivative with respect to time; S32, seawater temperature deviation The fuzzy set of (a) is divided into a plurality of grades, the fuzzy set of the deviation change rate ec is divided into a plurality of grades, and the proportion coefficient is calculated Integral coefficient Differential coefficient The fuzzy sets of the fuzzy sets are divided into a plurality of grades respectively, and the discourse domain of each fuzzy set is set according to the actual control requirement; S33, formulating fuzzy control rules based on the characteristics of the cooling system, and establishing a plurality of groups of fuzzy control rules according to logic relations; S34, adopting a Mamdani reasoning method, matching fuzzy control rules according to input quantity fuzzification results to obtain an output quantity fuzzification set, and performing fuzzification by a gravity center method to convert the fuzzification output into an accurate proportionality coefficient Integral coefficient Differential coefficient And the value of the PID controller is updated in real time, the rotating speed of the cooling pump and the flow of cooling water are controlled, and the self-adaptive adjustment of the cooling system is realized.
9. 9. The offshore wind and solar hybrid direct-supply type submarine data center power supply and distribution control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step S6, when the load of the submarine data center is subjected to cooperative scheduling control, a flexible task optimization scheduling step based on an improved genetic algorithm is added, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: s6a, constructing a flexible task scheduling model, wherein the green electricity utilization rate is maximized as a target, and constraint conditions comprise that the actual execution time of a task does not exceed the task deadline and the actual calculation force of an information processing load does not exceed the maximum calculation force; S6b, designing a genetic algorithm coding mode by adopting real number coding, wherein each chromosome corresponds to a group of task scheduling schemes, the length of the chromosome is equal to the number of flexible tasks, and the gene value represents the planned execution period of the corresponding task; S6c, randomly generating an initial population, calculating the fitness value of each chromosome, wherein the fitness function is as follows Wherein For the number of flexible tasks to be performed, Execution period for task i Is used for the green power-on of the battery, For the duration of execution of task i, For a period of time Total power supply; S6d, performing genetic operation, namely selecting parent individuals according to the fitness value ratio by adopting a roulette method in the selection operation, generating offspring by adopting arithmetic crossover in the crossover operation, and adding Gaussian random disturbance to the chromosome gene value by adopting Gaussian mutation in the mutation operation; s6e, reserving an individual with the highest fitness value after each iteration, eliminating the individual with the lowest fitness value, maintaining the population scale unchanged, outputting a task scheduling scheme corresponding to the chromosome with the highest fitness value after the iteration is performed for a preset number of times, and guiding the execution of the flexible computing task.
10. 10. The offshore wind and solar hybrid direct-supply type submarine data center power supply and distribution control method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the step of configuring the multi-time-scale collaborative energy storage system comprises the following steps: Determining functional positioning and technical parameters of each unit of the energy storage system, wherein the super capacitor unit selects a high-power density device to meet the quick response requirement, the flow battery unit selects a high-energy density configuration to realize long-time energy storage, and the standby power supply unit is matched with the maximum power shortage design capacity of the power supply and distribution system; The super capacitor unit is directly connected in parallel to the direct current bus, and the power interaction with the direct current bus is realized through the bidirectional DC/DC converter, so that the super capacitor unit is used for quickly absorbing or releasing power; the flow battery unit is connected with the direct current bus through the bidirectional converter, and a battery management system is configured to monitor the voltage, the temperature and the state of charge of the single battery in real time, so that the safety control of the charging and discharging process is realized; The standby power supply unit is connected with the power supply loop through the change-over switch, and is provided with a start control logic, so that the standby power supply unit is ensured to be put into operation only when the energy storage system cannot meet the power supply requirement.
11. 11. The offshore wind and solar hybrid direct-supply type submarine data center power supply and distribution control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step S5, specific modes of leveling or coping with power fluctuation of different time scales through each energy storage unit comprise: The super capacitor unit collects the direct current bus voltage change rate in real time, and when the bus voltage deviates from the rated value due to the second-level fluctuation of the wind and light output force, the corresponding power is output or absorbed through the millisecond-level response speed, so that the bus voltage is maintained to be stable, and the second-level power fluctuation is stabilized; The flow battery unit is based on the comparison of minute-level wind-light output prediction data and real-time load power, and when the deviation of wind-light output and load power is more than minute level continuously and exceeds the compensation capacity of the super capacitor unit, the space-time transfer of energy is realized through charge-discharge regulation, and the minute-to-hour-level power fluctuation is stabilized; and the standby power supply unit monitors the charge state of the flow battery unit and the duration of the system power shortage in real time, and when the charge state of the flow battery unit is lower than a preset threshold value and the power shortage lasts for more than an hour level, the standby power supply unit is started to supplement the power gap to cope with power fluctuation more than the hour level.
12. 12. The offshore wind and solar hybrid direct supply type submarine data center power supply and distribution system is characterized by comprising a power supply module, an electric energy conversion and distribution module, a load module, an energy storage backup module and a control module, wherein the power supply and distribution control method for the offshore wind and solar hybrid direct supply type submarine data center is used for realizing any one of claims 1-11; The power module comprises an offshore wind farm, an offshore photovoltaic array, a direct current convergence cabinet, an inverter and an alternating current submarine cable, wherein alternating current output by the offshore wind farm and photovoltaic electric energy processed by the inverter are transmitted to an onshore substation through the alternating current submarine cable, and the alternating current submarine cable is the same alternating current transmission channel; The power conversion and distribution module comprises a solid-state transformer and an active rectifier, wherein the input end of the solid-state transformer is connected with an alternating-current submarine cable, the output end of the solid-state transformer is respectively connected with a first alternating-current bus and the active rectifier, the first alternating-current bus transmits first alternating-current voltage, the output end of the active rectifier is connected with a direct-current bus, the direct-current bus transmits direct-current bus voltage, and the solid-state transformer meets a voltage regulation formula during light-load operation ; The load module comprises an information processing load and a cooling system, the information processing load is connected with a direct current bus through a direct current power supply module, the cooling system is connected with a first alternating current bus, the cooling system comprises a variable frequency cooling pump, and the variable frequency cooling pump meets the association relation that the power increases with the rotating speed; the energy storage backup module comprises a super capacitor unit, a flow battery unit and a standby power supply unit, wherein the super capacitor unit and the flow battery unit are respectively connected with the direct current bus, and the standby power supply unit is connected into a power supply loop of the power supply and distribution system through a change-over switch; the control module comprises a data acquisition unit, a filtering unit, an optimal scheduling unit and an execution unit, wherein the data acquisition unit acquires wind-light output, load power, energy storage state and environmental parameters, the filtering unit carries out fluctuation decomposition on wind-light output, the optimal scheduling unit generates a cooperative scheduling strategy based on wind-light output prediction information and energy storage charge state, and the execution unit controls the running state of each module.
13. 13. The offshore wind and solar complementary direct-supply type submarine data center power supply and distribution system according to claim 12 is characterized in that the alternating-current submarine cable is a green direct-supply special cable and is used for realizing point-to-point power transmission between an offshore new energy base and a submarine data center load center; the state of charge of the flow battery unit runs in a preset minimum state of charge threshold value and maximum state of charge threshold value interval, and the initial state of charge of the flow battery unit is set as the median value of the interval; The control module is also integrated with a fuzzy PID control unit and a genetic algorithm scheduling unit, wherein the fuzzy PID control unit is used for executing self-adaptive control of the cooling system, and the genetic algorithm scheduling unit is used for executing flexible task optimization scheduling.
14. 14. The offshore wind and solar hybrid direct-supply type submarine data center power supply and distribution system according to claim 12, wherein the optimization scheduling unit of the control module takes multi-objective optimization as a core, and the optimization objective function is that Wherein In order to optimize the weight coefficient of the target, In order to schedule the total duration of the cycle, For the outsourcing of the electric power at time t, For the power of the standby power supply unit at time t, The state of charge of the flow battery unit at the moment t, The ideal charge state of the flow battery unit is obtained; An improved sparrow search algorithm prediction model is arranged in the optimization scheduling unit, an objective function is solved in a rolling mode according to a preset period, a scheduling plan of the next period is generated, and scheduling instructions are transmitted to each execution unit through an industrial Ethernet, so that the coordinated operation of the power supply and distribution system is realized.

Description

Power supply and distribution control method for offshore wind-solar complementary direct-supply type submarine data center Technical Field The invention relates to the field of power distribution systems, in particular to a power supply and distribution control method for an offshore wind-solar complementary direct-supply type submarine data center. Background Data centers are becoming increasingly more prominent in terms of energy consumption and carbon emissions as the core of the computing infrastructure. Conventional land-based data centers typically have an average Power Usage Efficiency (PUE) of over 1.5, with more than 40% of the power being consumed in the refrigeration cycle, and rely primarily on fossil energy to power, with a low green power duty cycle. To solve this problem, a submarine data center using natural cooling of seawater has been developed that can significantly reduce the power utilization efficiency PUE to an advanced level of 1.1-1.3. However, the existing submarine data center still mainly depends on an onshore power grid to supply power, the greenization degree of the existing submarine data center is limited by an energy structure of a regional power grid, and the existing submarine data center is not a real zero-carbon facility. Although there are leading edge projects attempting to introduce offshore wind power for direct supply, the inherent intermittency, volatility and anti-peak shaving characteristics (strong night wind, weak day wind) of wind power generation present a great challenge to data centers requiring 7 x 24 hours of highly reliable power supply. The single dependence on wind power can lead to wind curtailment electricity limiting or frequent starting of a diesel generator for standby, and high green electricity utilization rate of more than 90% is difficult to realize stably, which becomes a core technical bottleneck for restricting large-scale development of the diesel generator. Meanwhile, the offshore photovoltaic and the offshore wind power have natural space-time complementarity in output characteristics, wherein the photovoltaic reaches an output peak value when sunlight is sufficient in daytime, and the wind power is generally stronger in night and spring and autumn. The complementary characteristic provides ideal conditions for constructing a high-reliability green energy power supply system. However, heterogeneous wind and light energy sources are deeply fused and directly used for data center loads extremely sensitive to power supply quality, and a series of complex technical problems are faced, namely, firstly, the problem of grid connection and high-efficiency conversion of multiple energy sources is solved, the traditional scheme adopts wind and light to be respectively rectified and inverted and then is combined into an alternating current bus, multiple energy conversion losses exist, the overall efficiency is required to be improved, secondly, the problem of system stability control under multiple fluctuation is solved, second-level fluctuation of wind power and minute-level fluctuation of photovoltaic are mutually overlapped, severe test is formed on frequency and voltage stability of a power grid, the problem of the conventional single energy storage stabilizing strategy is difficult to deal with, and finally, a set of control algorithm capable of accurately predicting, intelligently scheduling and dynamically responding is needed to maximize the green electricity ratio and ensure the power supply reliability. The patent CN221947874U (a direct current power supply system and a submarine data center) adopts a bipolar direct current high-voltage structure, so that the loss of submarine long-distance power transmission is effectively reduced, and a valuable solution is provided for efficient power supply. But the patent is more focused on the efficient transmission link from the power source to the data center, and does not provide an economic and reliable technical path for the global optimization problems of coupling, conversion, storage, intelligent interactive scheduling of loads and the like of various renewable energy sources at the source side. Further, patent "CN119891890a" (ocean platform composed of submarine data center-offshore charging piles based on multi-energy complementary power supply) constructs a "wind-light-wave-tide" hybrid energy matrix, which supplies power to the data center and charging piles on the ocean platform. However, the technical key point of the patent is that the collection and space cooperation of multiple energy sources are realized, the application scene is a comprehensive ocean platform, the deep optimization is not performed on the core requirements of extremely high load density, extremely low PUE (usually lower than 1.15) and extremely high power supply quality of the submarine data center, and the PUE and green power index cannot meet the severe requirements of a large computing center. Meanwhile, the en