CN-121984411-A - Photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system on surface of vehicle body and vehicle

CN121984411ACN 121984411 ACN121984411 ACN 121984411ACN-121984411-A

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system on the surface of a vehicle body and a vehicle, which belong to the technical field of new energy automobiles, wherein the system comprises an energy acquisition layer, a dynamic unfolding mechanism, a thermal management unit and an intelligent control system, the energy acquisition layer comprises a thermoelectric conversion layer, a photovoltaic layer and a radiation cooling layer, the energy acquisition layer can convert light energy, heat energy and radiation energy into electric energy, the dynamic unfolding mechanism can control the unfolding state of the energy acquisition layer according to environmental parameters, the power generation area is maximized in a parking state, the aerodynamic performance is optimized in a driving state, the thermal management unit regulates and controls the temperature of the energy acquisition layer through a phase change heat storage layer and a liquid cooling subsystem, and the intelligent control system controls the working states of the dynamic unfolding mechanism and the thermal management unit according to illumination intensity, environmental temperature and vehicle speed information. The invention realizes the comprehensive utilization of solar energy, waste heat on the surface of the vehicle body and radiant energy, improves the power generation efficiency and prolongs the endurance mileage of the vehicle.

Inventors

FU WENWEN
YU JUNXUN
LI YAO
ZHANG XIAO

Assignees

东风汽车集团股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260108

Claims (10)

1. A vehicle body surface photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system, comprising: the energy acquisition layer is used for converting light energy, heat energy and radiation energy into electric energy; the dynamic unfolding mechanism is connected with the energy acquisition layer and is used for dynamically adjusting the light receiving area and the angle of the energy acquisition layer; the thermal management unit is thermally coupled with the energy acquisition layer and is used for regulating and controlling the temperature of the energy acquisition layer; And the intelligent control system is respectively and electrically connected with the energy acquisition layer, the dynamic unfolding mechanism and the thermal management unit and is used for controlling the unfolding state of the dynamic unfolding mechanism and the heat dissipation mode of the thermal management unit according to environmental parameters.
2. The vehicle surface photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system of claim 1, wherein the energy harvesting layer is a laminated structure comprising, in order, in a direction away from the vehicle surface: a thermoelectric conversion layer for converting thermal energy into electrical energy; The photovoltaic layer is arranged on the thermoelectric conversion layer in a stacked manner and is used for converting light energy into electric energy; And a radiation cooling layer is arranged between the thermoelectric conversion layer and the surface of the vehicle body and used for radiating heat through radiation and assisting the thermoelectric conversion layer to maintain the working temperature difference.
3. The vehicle body surface photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the thermoelectric conversion layer, the photovoltaic layer, and the radiation cooling layer are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the vehicle body surface, wherein: the thermoelectric conversion layer comprises a Bi2Te3/Mg3Sb2 heterojunction surface layer, a PbTe nanowire array middle layer and a SiGe alloy heat dissipation substrate bottom layer, the heterojunction surface layer is in thermal coupling connection with the photovoltaic layer, and the heat dissipation substrate bottom layer is in thermal coupling connection with the radiation cooling layer; the photovoltaic layer is a curved PERC photovoltaic layer, the base material of the photovoltaic layer is a flexible stainless steel substrate, an anti-reflection coating is arranged on the surface of the photovoltaic layer, and a first heat conduction glue layer is arranged between the photovoltaic layer and the thermoelectric conversion layer; The radiation cooling layer comprises a silicon dioxide aerogel matrix, a hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet radiating agent and a polydimethylsiloxane adhesive, and a second heat conduction adhesive layer is arranged between the radiation cooling layer and the thermoelectric conversion layer.
4. The vehicle surface photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system of claim 1, wherein the dynamic deployment mechanism comprises: the hydraulic driving wing plate is fixedly connected with the energy acquisition layer and is used for driving the energy acquisition layer to stretch out and draw back along the normal direction of the surface of the vehicle body so as to adjust the light receiving area; the shape memory alloy hinge is arranged between the energy acquisition layer and the surface of the vehicle body and is used for automatically adjusting the unfolding angle of the energy acquisition layer according to the change of the environmental temperature; The temperature control shutter is arranged in a gap between the energy acquisition layer and the surface of the vehicle body and used for adjusting the layer spacing between the energy acquisition layer and the surface of the vehicle body according to temperature change so as to control a heat dissipation airflow channel.
5. The vehicle body surface photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system according to claim 4, wherein, The unfolding travel of the hydraulic drive wing plate under the condition of the maximum load of 200N is 0-600mm, the unfolding speed is 10mm/s, and the positioning precision relative to the surface of the vehicle body is +/-0.5 mm; The phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy hinge is 45-55 ℃, and the angle adjustment of 0-90 ℃ can be realized in the phase transition temperature interval; The response time of the temperature control shutter after receiving the control signal is smaller than 0.5s, and the adjustment precision of the temperature control shutter in the opening range of 0-90 degrees is +/-1 degree.
6. The vehicle surface photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system of claim 1, wherein the thermal management unit comprises: The phase change heat storage layer is arranged between the energy acquisition layer and the surface of the vehicle body and is used for absorbing or releasing heat through a phase change material to maintain the working temperature of the energy acquisition layer; the liquid cooling subsystem comprises a cooling liquid flow passage and a circulating pump, wherein the cooling liquid flow passage is arranged in the phase-change heat storage layer or is in thermal coupling connection with the phase-change heat storage layer, and the circulating pump is used for driving cooling liquid to circularly flow in the cooling liquid flow passage so as to take away heat absorbed by the phase-change heat storage layer; The phase-change heat storage layer and the liquid cooling subsystem work cooperatively, when the temperature of the energy collection layer is increased, the phase-change heat storage layer absorbs heat and changes phase, meanwhile, the liquid cooling subsystem is started and takes away heat through cooling liquid circulation, when the temperature of the energy collection layer is reduced, the phase-change heat storage layer releases heat, and the liquid cooling subsystem stops working.
7. The vehicle surface photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system according to claim 6, wherein, The phase-change heat storage layer is made of a phase-change material compounded by aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate and a carbon fiber matrix, wherein the mass fraction of the aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate is 60-80%, the mass fraction of the carbon fiber matrix is 20-40%, the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material is 58 ℃, the latent heat value is 210J/g, and the circulation stability is more than 5000 times; The liquid cooling subsystem comprises a micro-channel liquid cooling pipe, the micro-channel section of the micro-channel liquid cooling pipe is rectangular, the sectional area is 1mm < 2 >, the total length of a flow channel is 12m/m < 2 >, and the micro-channel liquid cooling pipe is arranged in a serpentine or spiral mode; The cooling liquid is glycol aqueous solution added with Al2O3 nano particles, wherein the mass fraction of the glycol aqueous solution is 60%, the mass fraction of the Al2O3 nano particles is 2%, and the particle size is 50nm; The temperature range of the cooperative work of the phase-change heat storage layer and the liquid cooling subsystem is 80-150 ℃, when the temperature of the energy acquisition layer is lower than 80 ℃, the liquid cooling subsystem stops working, the phase-change heat storage layer works independently, and when the temperature of the energy acquisition layer is higher than 150 ℃, the liquid cooling subsystem operates at full power, and the phase-change heat storage layer works in an auxiliary mode.
8. The vehicle surface photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system of claim 1, wherein the intelligent control system comprises: The multi-mode energy management ECU is electrically connected with the energy acquisition layer, the dynamic unfolding mechanism and the thermal management unit and is used for controlling the unfolding state of the dynamic unfolding mechanism and the heat dissipation mode of the thermal management unit through a preset energy management algorithm according to environmental parameters acquired by the illumination intensity sensor, the environmental temperature sensor and the vehicle speed sensor; The digital twin prediction module is in communication connection with the multi-mode energy management ECU, and is used for predicting the power generation and heat dissipation requirements of the energy acquisition layer through the digital twin model based on historical operation data and real-time environment parameters and sending a prediction result to the multi-mode energy management ECU; The vehicle-gauge-level CAN bus communication interface is in communication connection with the multi-mode energy management ECU and is used for carrying out data interaction with the vehicle main control system according to a CAN bus protocol, sending the power generation state of the energy acquisition layer, the working state of the thermal management unit and the prediction result of the digital twin prediction module to the vehicle main control system and receiving a control instruction from the vehicle main control system.
9. The vehicle surface photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system of claim 1, wherein the intelligent control system is configured to implement a multi-modal energy management strategy of: When the vehicle is in a parking state and the illumination intensity is larger than a preset illumination threshold value, the dynamic unfolding mechanism is controlled to be unfolded completely; when the vehicle is in a running state and the vehicle speed is greater than a preset vehicle speed threshold value, controlling the dynamic unfolding mechanism to be partially retracted; When the temperature of the energy acquisition layer is higher than a first temperature threshold value, a liquid cooling subsystem of the thermal management unit is started; When the temperature of the energy collection layer is lower than a second temperature threshold value, a liquid cooling subsystem of the thermal management unit is closed; the first temperature threshold is higher than the second temperature threshold to form a temperature return difference, so that the liquid cooling subsystem is prevented from being started and stopped frequently.
10. A vehicle comprising a vehicle body, and the vehicle body surface photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 mounted to a surface of the vehicle body; the intelligent control system of the vehicle surface photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system is in communication connection with a main control system of the vehicle through a vehicle gauge CAN bus communication interface and is used for transmitting electric energy generated by the vehicle surface photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system to a power supply system of the vehicle and receiving vehicle speed, ambient temperature and illumination intensity information sent by the main control system of the vehicle so as to control the working state of the vehicle surface photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system.

Description

Photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system on surface of vehicle body and vehicle Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system on the surface of a vehicle body and a vehicle. Background With the rapid development of new energy automobiles, the endurance mileage becomes a key factor for restricting the popularization and application of the new energy automobiles. The traditional new energy automobile is mainly powered by a vehicle-mounted power battery, and the cruising ability is limited under the condition of imperfect long-distance running or charging facilities. At present, part of vehicles adopt a roof photovoltaic panel to assist in power generation, but the problems of low power generation efficiency, fixed light receiving area, incapability of self-adaptive adjustment according to the running state of the vehicles and the like exist. In the prior art, a roof photovoltaic panel is usually fixedly installed, and in the running process of a vehicle, the photovoltaic panel cannot dynamically adjust the light-receiving area and angle according to the environmental parameters such as the vehicle speed, the illumination intensity and the like, so that the power generation efficiency is low. Meanwhile, the photovoltaic panel can generate a large amount of heat in the power generation process, the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be reduced due to the fact that the temperature is increased, and the prior art lacks effective heat management measures. In addition, waste heat and radiant energy of the vehicle body surface are not fully utilized, resulting in energy waste. Disclosure of Invention In view of the technical defects and drawbacks existing in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a vehicle surface photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system and a vehicle that overcome or at least partially solve the above problems, with the following specific schemes; as a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle body surface photovoltaic-thermoelectric composite power generation system comprising: the energy acquisition layer is used for converting light energy, heat energy and radiation energy into electric energy; the dynamic unfolding mechanism is connected with the energy acquisition layer and is used for dynamically adjusting the light receiving area and the angle of the energy acquisition layer; the thermal management unit is thermally coupled with the energy acquisition layer and is used for regulating and controlling the temperature of the energy acquisition layer; And the intelligent control system is respectively and electrically connected with the energy acquisition layer, the dynamic unfolding mechanism and the thermal management unit and is used for controlling the unfolding state of the dynamic unfolding mechanism and the heat dissipation mode of the thermal management unit according to environmental parameters. In some embodiments, the energy harvesting layer is a laminated structure comprising, in order in a direction away from the body surface: a thermoelectric conversion layer for converting thermal energy into electrical energy; The photovoltaic layer is arranged on the thermoelectric conversion layer in a stacked manner and is used for converting light energy into electric energy; And a radiation cooling layer is arranged between the thermoelectric conversion layer and the surface of the vehicle body and used for radiating heat through radiation and assisting the thermoelectric conversion layer to maintain the working temperature difference. In some embodiments, the thermoelectric conversion layer, the photovoltaic layer, and the radiant cooling layer are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the vehicle body surface, wherein: the thermoelectric conversion layer comprises a Bi2Te3/Mg3Sb2 heterojunction surface layer, a PbTe nanowire array middle layer and a SiGe alloy heat dissipation substrate bottom layer, the heterojunction surface layer is in thermal coupling connection with the photovoltaic layer, and the heat dissipation substrate bottom layer is in thermal coupling connection with the radiation cooling layer; the photovoltaic layer is a curved PERC photovoltaic layer, the base material of the photovoltaic layer is a flexible stainless steel substrate, an anti-reflection coating is arranged on the surface of the photovoltaic layer, and a first heat conduction glue layer is arranged between the photovoltaic layer and the thermoelectric conversion layer; The radiation cooling layer comprises a silicon dioxide aerogel matrix, a hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet radiating agent and a polydimethylsiloxane adhesive, and a second heat conduction adhesive layer is arranged between the radiation cooling layer and the thermoelectric conversion layer. In some embodiments, the dynami