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CN-121984429-A - Automatic urban and rural new energy component cleaning system and method based on rainwater recycling

CN121984429ACN 121984429 ACN121984429 ACN 121984429ACN-121984429-A

Abstract

The invention relates to an urban and rural new energy component automatic cleaning system based on rainwater recycling, which comprises a rainwater collecting module, wherein the rainwater collecting module is used for collecting rainwater by using a photovoltaic component array, a gap between adjacent photovoltaic component arrays is filled with sealing guide strips, a water guide groove is arranged at the lower frame of the lowest row of photovoltaic components of the photovoltaic array, the sealing guide strips comprise a silica gel sealing layer, a filling layer and a fixed supporting layer, wherein the upper layer of the silica gel sealing layer crosses the adjacent photovoltaic components, the middle layer of the filling layer is filled in the gap, and the bottom layer of the fixed supporting layer is connected with the filling layer, and when the water level of a water storage device is higher than a set lower limit, the pollution degree of the photovoltaic components reaches a threshold value, and the weather and the temperature of the components meet set allowable conditions, the intelligent control module automatically starts a cleaning program to clean the photovoltaic component array. The invention has the advantages of water saving, environmental protection and operation and maintenance cost reduction, and solves the problems of shortage of clean water, high cost, limited use of hard water and other areas in the prior art.

Inventors

  • FANG CHUANGLIN
  • ZHANG BINGZHI
  • FAN BEILI

Assignees

  • 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260209

Claims (10)

  1. 1. An urban and rural new energy component automatic cleaning system based on rainwater recycling is characterized by comprising: The rainwater collection module comprises a rainwater collection surface by using a photovoltaic module array, wherein the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic module array is larger than 10 degrees, the distance between the lower edge of the photovoltaic module array and the ground is larger than 20cm, a gap (1) between every two adjacent photovoltaic module arrays is filled with a sealing guide strip, a water guide groove is arranged at the lower frame of the lowest photovoltaic module of the photovoltaic array, the water guide grooves incline to two ends respectively through adjusting rods (7) and have an inclination angle smaller than 1%, one end of each water guide groove is connected with a water purification treatment module (8) through a water pipeline, the other end of each water guide groove is communicated with a sewage storage device (9), and rainwater collected by each water guide groove is respectively collected into the water pipeline and finally conveyed to the water storage device after being purified by the water purification treatment module (8), and the water storage device adopts a light-tight closed water storage device; The sealing guide strip comprises a silica gel sealing layer (2) of which the upper layer spans adjacent photovoltaic modules, a filling layer (3) of which the middle layer is filled in a gap (1) and a fixed supporting layer (4) of which the bottom layer is connected with the filling layer (3), wherein the filling layer (3) is of a hollow multi-chamber structure, the surface layer is made of silica gel, a U-shaped stainless steel sheet is embedded into the inside of the sealing guide strip along the length direction and is used as a main framework, the fixed supporting layer (4) is made of material of which the inner TPE surface is coated with silica gel, two sides of the fixed supporting layer are locked with a module frame (5) through mechanical buckles, and the middle part of the fixed supporting layer is connected with the filling layer (3); the water purification treatment module comprises at least one multi-stage filtration unit and at least one disinfection unit, wherein the multi-stage filtration unit is a cylindrical container as a whole and sequentially comprises a rotational flow separation layer, a medium filtration layer, an active carbon purification layer and a precise filtration layer from top to bottom in a filtration sequence, and the disinfection unit comprises an ultraviolet sterilizer arranged in a front water pipeline which is purified and is converged into a water storage device; The cleaning execution module comprises a power system, a water distribution system and a spraying system, wherein the power system comprises a water channel for taking water from a water storage device by a low-pressure water pump, an air channel for providing high-pressure air by an air compressor, and an electromagnetic valve for controlling the water channel and the air channel to be on-off, the water distribution system comprises a main pipeline transversely paved along the outer side of a photovoltaic module array and a branch pipeline longitudinally paved along the photovoltaic module array, the spraying system comprises cleaning spray heads (16) which are arranged above the middle points of middle joints of the transversely adjacent photovoltaic module arrays at intervals and at the top angle positions at the outermost sides of the photovoltaic module arrays, and a fixing bracket (14) longitudinally connected and fixed with the cleaning spray heads (16), and the cleaning spray heads (16) are water-gas two-fluid spray heads; The intelligent control module comprises a PLC or an embedded controller as a control core, and when the water level of the water storage device is higher than a set lower limit, the pollution degree of the photovoltaic module reaches a threshold value and the weather and the temperature of the module meet set allowable conditions, the intelligent control module automatically starts a cleaning program to clean the photovoltaic module array.
  2. 2. The urban and rural new energy component automatic cleaning system is characterized in that the silica gel sealing layer (2) is a composite layer with a glass fiber grid framework as a base layer and silica gel as a surface layer, the silica gel layer is coated with hydrophobic paint, the silica gel sealing layer (2) is respectively provided with fixing fins on photovoltaic components on two sides, a 45-60-degree slope treatment is carried out on critical positions of a component frame (5) and component glass (6) in the water supply direction, the slope surface layer is provided with unidirectional flow guide lines, barb type buckles used for locking with frame clamping grooves of the component frame (5) are arranged between the silica gel layer of the silica gel sealing layer (2) and the component frame (5), and high-strength bonding is carried out on edges by silicone structural adhesive.
  3. 3. The urban and rural new energy component automatic cleaning system is characterized in that the water guide grooves are of variable cross-section design with the middle portion being narrow and gradually widened and deepened towards water outlets on two sides, the length of each group of water guide grooves is less than or equal to 500cm, the corresponding longitudinal three rows are provided with photovoltaic component arrays of 2-4 groups, the design flow rate of the water guide grooves is 0.4-0.6 m/s, the width of the water guide grooves is 10-15 cm, and the depth of the water guide grooves is 6-8 cm.
  4. 4. The urban and rural new energy component automatic cleaning system according to claim 1, wherein the upper end of the water guide tank is provided with a filtering grid (10), the filtering grid (10) is formed by connecting a plurality of grid units (12), the grid units (12) are square columns with hemispherical tops and large lower parts, the adjacent grid units are horizontally arranged in staggered arrangement at high and low intervals, and the grid units are connected by grids (13) to form an elongated grid; A row of hillock-shaped sewage interception belts (11) are arranged at the positions, 1/4-1/3, close to one side of a water conveying pipeline, of the bottom of the water guiding groove, every 10-15 cm, the cross section of each sewage interception belt (11) is in an asymmetric hillock shape, the top of each sewage interception belt is in an arc streamline shape, the upstream surface of each sewage interception belt (11) is a long gentle slope, the surface of each sewage interception belt is subjected to micro-rough shading treatment, the upstream surface of each sewage interception belt is a short steep slope, the surface roughness of the upstream surface is greater than the surface roughness of the upstream surface and the bottom of each sewage interception belt, and the distance between adjacent sewage interception belts (11) is gradually increased along with the direction close to water outlet.
  5. 5. The urban and rural new energy component automatic cleaning system according to claim 1, wherein: The inlet of the cyclone separation layer is positioned at the edge of the upper end of the cylinder, the water outlet direction of the water conveying pipeline is downwards flushed towards the inner wall, so that water flow forms rotary water flow in the cyclone separation layer, and the thickness of the water flow is 8-12 cm; The medium filter layer is paved by a quartz sand layer, the thickness is 10 cm to 15cm, the particle size of the quartz sand is 0.5-2 mm, and the particle size decreases from top to bottom; The activated carbon purification layer is formed by paving activated carbon particles, the particle size of the activated carbon particles is 2-6 mm, and the thickness of the activated carbon particles is 3-8 cm; The precise filter layer adopts a pp cotton filter element type filter with the diameter of 5-10 microns.
  6. 6. The urban and rural new energy component automatic cleaning system according to claim 1, wherein: The cleaning spray head (16) takes the fixed support (14) as an axis and is perpendicular to the photovoltaic module panel (15) to swing and spray along the width direction of the panel, the maximum swing angle of the cleaning spray head (16) is 120 degrees, the outer edges of the photovoltaic module panel (15) at the two sides of the cleaning spray head (16) are exactly covered at the farthest, the included angle range between the spray water flow of the cleaning spray head (16) and the plane of the photovoltaic module at the farthest is 30 degrees, the pressure of the cleaning spray head (16) is increased along with the increase of the swing angle, and the maximum swing amplitude of the cleaning spray head (16) at the four top angles at the outermost side of the photovoltaic module array is 60 degrees and only sprays one photovoltaic module at the corresponding inner side; The cleaning spray head (16) is characterized in that the cleaning area of the cleaning spray head (16) is an adjacent photovoltaic module area on two sides of the cleaning spray head (16), the spraying range of the cleaning spray head (16) on each photovoltaic module panel (15) is an isosceles trapezoid, one side of the isosceles trapezoid of the spraying area, which is close to the spray head, is a trapezoid upper bottom, the isosceles trapezoid upper bottom is positioned at the middle 1/3 position of a three-equal line of the photovoltaic module panel (15), one side corresponding to the far end is an isosceles trapezoid lower bottom, the length of the isosceles trapezoid lower bottom is 2 times of that of the upper bottom, and the isosceles trapezoid is axisymmetric with the transverse central line of the photovoltaic module.
  7. 7. The urban and rural new energy component automatic cleaning system according to claim 6, wherein the spraying area of the cleaning spray heads (16) positioned at the edge vertexes of the photovoltaic component panels (15) is 1/4 or 1/2 of the spraying area of the central cleaning spray heads (16) and is formed by the photovoltaic component panels (15) transversely adjacent to the two sides of the cleaning spray heads (16); The spray heads positioned at the edges of the photovoltaic module array are irregular spray heads with one fan-shaped side and the other rectangular side, the spraying range of one side close to the edges of the photovoltaic module array is 1/2 of that of other spray heads, and the edges of the spray heads are rectangular in accordance with the edges of the photovoltaic module array.
  8. 8. The urban and rural new energy component automatic cleaning system according to claim 1, 6 or 7, wherein the setting parameters of the cleaning nozzle (16) include: the transverse width of the photovoltaic panel is a, the longitudinal length is b, and the height of the cleaning nozzle from the photovoltaic assembly panel is h, wherein h is ; When the cleaning head opening angle is α, tg (α/2) = ; The swinging speed of the cleaning spray head is 0.1-0.15 m/s.
  9. 9. The urban and rural new energy component automatic cleaning system according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning procedure comprises the steps of: the first stage, preprocessing, namely firstly, blowing the surface of the photovoltaic module array by a power system through a gas circuit by using high-pressure air, then, firstly, carrying out low-pressure atomization spraying on the existing adhered dirt power system through a water circuit, and simultaneously starting all cleaning spray heads (16) to wet the surface of the photovoltaic module array; The second stage is that the core is cleaned, a power system starts a gas circuit and a water circuit to flush the surface of the photovoltaic module array by adopting aerated running water, and all cleaning spray heads (16) are simultaneously started to flush at least once; And the third stage is to rinse and dry, after the air-entraining running water is flushed, the power system uses a fan-shaped nozzle to rinse with high-pressure clean water through a waterway, then the power system uses high-pressure air to purge the surface of the photovoltaic module array through the waterway again, residual water drops on the surface are blown away, wherein the third stage is to start the spray heads step by step according to the photovoltaic module array from high to low, and then start another row after one row of spray is finished, and the interval between the spray drying and the previous procedure is more than 30 s.
  10. 10. An urban and rural new energy component automatic cleaning method based on rainwater recycling is characterized by comprising the following steps of automatically cleaning the surface of a photovoltaic component array according to the urban and rural new energy component automatic cleaning system in any one of claims 1-9: Step S1, monitoring and demand judging in real time, namely continuously monitoring the loss rate of the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module, and judging that the cleaning demand exists when the loss rate of the power generation efficiency continuously exceeds a set threshold T1; Step S2, judging the resource and environment permission, namely checking the real-time water level of the water storage device after receiving the cleaning requirement, judging whether the water level is larger than the water level required by single cleaning, acquiring weather forecast of 12 hours in the future through a meteorological data interface, confirming that no rainfall exists and the wind speed is lower than 3 levels, and if the temperature of the panel of the photovoltaic module is 45 ℃ and is more than 5 ℃, entering the next step, otherwise, waiting for continuous monitoring; Step S3, cleaning parameters are dynamically set, namely data of a water quality sensor are read, and the pressure mixing proportion of water and air in a cleaning procedure is dynamically adjusted in a fine adjustment mode according to the conductivity or turbidity parameters of the water; Step S4, performing zone pulse cleaning, namely dividing the photovoltaic module array into a plurality of cleaning areas, and cleaning each area by adopting a cleaning program in sequence; Step S5, cleaning effect closed loop verification, namely continuously monitoring a power generation efficiency recovery curve of the photovoltaic module after cleaning operation is completed, recording that the cleaning is effective if the efficiency is recovered to an expected level, and generating abnormal alarm information if the recovery is not obvious; And S6, data recording and strategy optimization, namely storing the triggering condition, the execution parameter, the water consumption and the effect data of the cleaning to a database for optimizing a future cleaning triggering threshold T1 and a water-gas mixing parameter.

Description

Automatic urban and rural new energy component cleaning system and method based on rainwater recycling Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power generation systems, in particular to an urban and rural new energy component automatic cleaning system and method based on rainwater recycling. Background The photovoltaic module is used as a core part of a photovoltaic power generation system, and the power generation efficiency directly determines the energy output and economic return of the whole system. The light transmittance of the component glass surface is one of the key factors affecting its conversion efficiency. In an actual operating environment, dust, sand, pollen, bird droppings, greasy dirt and other pollutants are inevitably accumulated on the surfaces of the components. These contaminants can form a barrier that significantly reduces the light transmittance of the glass, resulting in a loss of power generation efficiency. Research shows that in severe pollution areas, the power generation efficiency loss of the uncleaned photovoltaic module can reach 15-30%, and even in specific situations (such as viscous bird droppings), serious 'hot spot effect' can be caused, and the battery piece is permanently damaged. The loss of electricity generation will be directly converted into a reduction in economic benefits, affecting the return on investment of the project. In order to solve the problems, the cleaning and maintenance of the photovoltaic module are particularly important in the operation and maintenance of the photovoltaic power generation. At present, the cleaning of the photovoltaic module mainly faces a plurality of challenges, namely, firstly, the cleaning frequency is contradicted with the cost, and the distributed power station is difficult to clean by using large and medium-sized machines or high-frequency manual or mechanical due to cost and condition limitation, and secondly, the cleaning is mainly performed by using low-frequency manual cleaning, secondly, the water resource is dependent on the limitation of regions, and in arid or water-deficient regions, the traditional flushing cleaning mode is difficult to implement, and the water resource is scarce and the cost is extremely high. In hard water areas, mineral substances in water deposit on the surfaces of components to form scale, which aggravates the decrease of light transmittance, and safety risks are presented in the case of manual cleaning of roof photovoltaic systems, such as falling risks caused by overhead operation, and mechanical damage (such as glass scratch) or electrical safety risks to the components caused by improper operation in the cleaning process. The utility model provides a photovoltaic power plant photovoltaic panel rainwater collecting system is proposed to patent application of publication No. CN207700269U, including a plurality of photovoltaic panels, mount and water collecting part, photovoltaic panel becomes two and arranges on the mount, and water collecting part sets up in photovoltaic panel's below, and the mount is including the sloping that is used for setting up photovoltaic panel, all has the clearance between two adjacent photovoltaic panels of row, and water collecting part includes first water collecting component, second water collecting component and cistern to every horizontal row is collected and is stored for the rainwater on the photovoltaic panel. The patent application with the publication number of CN208728071U discloses a photovoltaic panel working face cleaning device with rainwater collection function, including driven pulley, photovoltaic panel, scraper blade, lead screw, electro-magnet, valve plate, basin, spring, nut, driving pulley, limit switch, servo motor, frid, baffle, bottom mounting panel, rubber strip, via hole, realize photovoltaic panel's quick cleanness through setting up basin and scraper blade, basin simple structure that adopts simultaneously can collect the rainwater and use on sunny day, thereby water economy to a certain extent, and adopt electro-magnet control simple and convenient. The utility model discloses a solar photovoltaic board rainwater collection device of combination ecological agriculture is proposed to patent application of publication No. CN216219251U, including the stand, the stand top is equipped with the girder steel, be equipped with the purlin on the girder steel, be equipped with solar photovoltaic board on the purlin, the girder steel bottom is equipped with the guiding gutter through the bolt fastening, be equipped with the filter screen in the guiding gutter, the guiding gutter below is equipped with the water storage tank, be connected with the outlet pipe between guiding gutter and the water storage tank, the inside fixed plate that is equipped with of water storage tank, be connected with the active carbon filter between inside top of water storage tank and the fixed pla