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CN-121984601-A - Laser communication device and method

CN121984601ACN 121984601 ACN121984601 ACN 121984601ACN-121984601-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser communication, and provides a laser communication device and a laser communication method, wherein the laser communication device comprises a beam expanding telescope which is arranged along an optical path and is configured for collimated emission of communication light and beam shrinkage convergence of space light; the optical system comprises a communication band, a color separator configured to transmit the communication band, a transmitting/receiving system comprising a collimating lens group, a nonreciprocal unidirectional device and a filtering detection module, wherein the nonreciprocal unidirectional device is provided with a first port, a second port and a third port which allow unidirectional transmission of light beams, the first port is configured as a transmitting end, the second port is coupled with a transmission light path of the color separator through the collimating lens group, and the third port is coupled with the filtering detection module. So set up, can compromise the high coaxial precision and the high isolation of system of laser emission and receipt, avoid receiving and dispatching optical signal's mutual crosstalk, promote optical signal's coupling efficiency, and the device integrated level is high, load weight is lower, is favorable to ground laser communication's quick arrangement and networking, has promoted ground laser communication's practicality and suitability.

Inventors

  • WANG TIANHONG
  • TANG SHANPING
  • WU SHAOJUN
  • XIE TENG
  • YU YAWEN
  • XIE JIAWEI
  • SUN HANG
  • WU HAO

Assignees

  • 北京极光星通科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260402

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A laser communication device is characterized in that, comprising the following components arranged along the light path: an expanding telescope (10) configured for collimated emission of communication light and beam condensing of spatial light; a color separator (20) configured to transmit a communication band; The transmitting/receiving system (30) comprises a collimating lens group (31), a nonreciprocal unidirectional device (32) and a filtering detection module (33), wherein the nonreciprocal unidirectional device (32) is provided with a first port (321), a second port (322) and a third port (323) which allow unidirectional transmission of light beams, the first port (321) is configured as a transmitting end, the second port (322) is coupled with a transmission light path of the color separator (20) through the collimating lens group (31), and the third port (323) is coupled with the filtering detection module (33).
  2. 2. The laser communication device according to claim 1, further comprising an alignment module (40), the alignment module (40) being disposed on one side of the color separator (20) and formed with a first receiving optical path (401) and a second receiving optical path (402); The first receiving light path (401) is parallel to the optical axis of the beam expanding telescope (10); The color separator (20) is further configured to reflect the visible wavelength band and its reflected light path is coupled to the second receive light path (402) for reflecting the visible wavelength band light to the alignment module (40) for imaging.
  3. 3. The laser communication device according to claim 2, characterized in that the alignment module (40) comprises a beam splitter (41) and an alignment camera (42); The beam splitter (41) has a reflected light inlet coupled to the first receiving light path (401) for capturing spatial light and a transmitted light inlet coupled to the second receiving light path (402); the alignment camera (42) is coupled with a light outlet of the beam splitter (41).
  4. 4. A laser communication device as claimed in claim 3, characterized by further comprising adjustment means (43); The beam expanding telescope (10), the color separator (20), the transmitting/receiving system (30) and the alignment module (40) are all arranged on the adjusting device (43) and used for adjusting the spatial posture and the optical axis direction of the laser communication device.
  5. 5. The laser communication device as claimed in claim 4, wherein, The nonreciprocal unidirectional device (32) is configured as a multimode fiber circulator, the second port (322) is coupled with the collimating lens group (31) through a multimode fiber (34), and/or The adjustment device (43) is configured as a two-dimensional adjustment frame and/or, The color separator (20) is configured to reflect 400-800 nm wave band light beams and transmit 1550+/-100 nm light beams, and the light splitter (41) is configured to achieve 50:50 light splitting ratio of 400-800 nm wave bands and is used for achieving bidirectional alignment.
  6. 6. The laser communication device as claimed in claim 5, wherein, The multimode optical fiber (34) is configured to be 62.5 μm, and/or, The multimode fiber circulator is configured to have a working wavelength of 400-160 nm, a transceiving isolation of better than 40dB, a mode field diameter of 200 μm@1550nm and a numerical aperture NA=0.15.
  7. 7. The laser communication device according to claim 1, wherein the filter detection module (33) comprises a filter collimating lens group (331), a filter (332), a filter coupling lens group (333) and a multimode fiber detector (334); -said filter collimating lens group (331) is coupled to said third port (323) for collimating received light; The filter (332) is coupled with the filtering collimating lens group (331) and is used for screening light with preset wavelength; The multimode fiber detector (334) is coupled with the filter (332) through the filter coupling lens group (333).
  8. 8. The laser communication device according to claim 7, characterized in that the beam expanding telescope (10) comprises an objective lens group (11) and an eyepiece lens group (12); The objective lens group (11) comprises two first lenses, wherein the first lenses are configured to have a system focal length of 200mm, a caliber of 55mm and a system wave phase difference RMS of better than 42nm, and/or, The eyepiece group (12) includes two second lenses configured to have a system focal length of 40mm, a bore of 15mm, a system wave phase difference RMS of better than 42nm, and/or, The collimating lens group (31) comprises two third lenses, wherein the third lenses are configured to have an operating wave band of 1400-1400 nm, a focal length of 25.4mm, an off-axis amount of 50.8mm and a caliber of 25.4mm.
  9. 9. A laser communication method, characterized by being used for the laser communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of: When the laser communication device is used for transmitting communication light, the transmitting/receiving system (30) transmits the communication light through a first port (321) of the nonreciprocal unidirectional device (32), the communication light is emitted from a second port (322), collimated by the collimating lens group (31) and then enters the color separator (20), and then is transmitted through the beam expanding telescope (10); When the laser communication device is used for receiving space light, the space light is condensed by the beam expanding telescope (10) and then passes through the color separator (20), the transmitted light of the color separator (20) enters the collimating lens group (31), enters the second port (322) after being collimated and exits from the third port (323), and the filtering detection module (33) receives the light exiting from the third port (323) to perform wavelength screening and decoding.
  10. 10. The laser communication method of claim 9, wherein the spatial light is spatially transmitted to an initial pointing receiving location, the pose of the laser communication device is adjusted such that the alignment module (40) receives the spatial light for coarse alignment, and then the alignment module (40) receives the reflected light from the color separator (20), and the pose of the laser communication device is adjusted to a maximum energy receiving point position of the alignment module (40) to achieve fine alignment.

Description

Laser communication device and method Technical Field The present invention relates to the field of laser communication technologies, and in particular, to a laser communication device and method. Background Under the background of high-speed development of informatization, bandwidth, efficiency, deployment flexibility and cost control of data transmission have become core requirements of development of communication technology, a wired optical fiber network as a traditional data transmission mode has been dominant in long-distance and wide-range communication layout, but along with diversified expansion of communication scenes, a wireless communication technology has become an important development direction of the communication field due to the characteristics of flexible deployment and strong adaptability, and laser communication is taken as a component part of wireless communication and has become one of schemes for solving large-bandwidth and long-distance wireless data transmission by virtue of transmission characteristics of light waves. In the related art, space laser communication is rapidly developed due to the technical advantages of narrow emission light beam, good directivity, small antenna size, large information capacity, low power consumption, small volume, light weight and the like, and from the aspect of transmission medium characteristics, light waves have the characteristics of no absorption, no scattering, low loss and interference resistance in space transmission, and compared with other wireless communication modes, the transmission cost performance of the laser communication is higher, and the method has good application prospect in communication networking of multiple scenes such as ground, sky and the like. Meanwhile, in order to realize bidirectional data interaction and information transmission of laser communication, an integrated optical path system is generally constructed through combination and collocation of various optical devices, and meanwhile, the functions of transmitting and receiving laser signals are realized, so that the requirement of bidirectional communication is met. However, the practical research shows that the related implementation scheme of the existing laser communication still has the defects that the coaxiality of laser emission and laser receiving in the laser communication determines the success and failure of a space link, the existing laser communication device is difficult to simultaneously consider high receiving/transmitting coaxiality and system isolation in layout application, and part of the scheme can realize certain coaxiality adjustment, but the device is low in integration level and large in load weight, is unfavorable for quick arrangement, and part of the scheme can realize light path isolation through complex optical devices, but has limited isolation effect, crosstalk between emitted light and received light is easy to occur to influence communication stability, and in addition, the coaxiality adjustment mode of the existing laser communication device is complex, poor in suitability, and can not provide a reliable and efficient implementation scheme for large-scale networking of the laser communication, thereby restricting the development and application of the laser communication technology. In view of the above-mentioned problems, providing a laser communication device with higher coaxial precision and integration level and lighter load has become an important technical problem to be solved. It should be apparent that the foregoing is intended to facilitate an understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a laser communication device and a laser communication method, which are used for solving the defects of lower receiving/transmitting coaxiality, lower integration level and higher load of laser communication in the prior art and have the advantages of better coaxiality, higher integration level and lighter load. The present invention provides a laser communication device comprising: a beam expanding telescope configured for collimated emission of communication light and beam shrinking and converging of space light; A color separator configured to transmit a communication band; The transmitting/receiving system comprises a collimating lens group, a nonreciprocal unidirectional device and a filtering detection module, wherein the nonreciprocal unidirectional device is provided with a first port, a second port and a third port which allow unidirectional transmission of light beams, the first port is configured as a transmitting end, the second port is coupled with a transmission light path of the color separator through the collimating lens group, and the third port is coupled with the filtering detection modul