CN-121984815-A - Well-ground bidirectional communication method and device based on hybrid dipole cooperation

CN121984815ACN 121984815 ACN121984815 ACN 121984815ACN-121984815-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a well ground bidirectional communication method and device based on hybrid dipole cooperation, comprising an uplink communication device, a downlink communication device and a ground communication device, wherein the uplink communication device is configured to encode and modulate acquired underground data by utilizing an underground transmitting device, transmit a modulated first time-varying electromagnetic field signal to a ground medium, simultaneously receive the first time-varying electromagnetic field signal by utilizing a first magnetometer, decode the received first time-varying electromagnetic field signal to realize underground data uploading communication, and the downlink communication device is configured to encode and modulate a control command to be downloaded by utilizing a ground transmitting device, transmit a modulated second time-varying electromagnetic field signal to the ground medium, simultaneously receive the second time-varying electromagnetic field signal by utilizing a second magnetometer, and decode the received second time-varying electromagnetic field signal to realize control command downloading communication. The invention can be widely applied to the technical fields of oil-gas well engineering, measurement and control while drilling and underground communication.

Inventors

HAN RUNQI
PENG KANGJIAN
WEI YANQING
LI YANRUN
MENG HAN
WANG YANJI

Assignees

中国石油大学(北京)

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260403

Claims (10)

1. A hybrid dipole collaboration-based well-to-earth two-way communication device, comprising: The uplink communication device is configured to encode and modulate the acquired underground data by utilizing the underground transmitting device, transmit the modulated first time-varying magnetic field signal to the ground medium, simultaneously receive the first time-varying magnetic field signal by utilizing the first magnetometer, and decode the received first time-varying magnetic field signal to realize underground data uploading communication; The downlink communication device is configured to encode and modulate a control instruction to be downloaded by using the ground emission device, emit a modulated second time-varying electromagnetic field signal to the ground medium, receive the second time-varying electromagnetic field signal by using the second magnetometer, and decode the received second time-varying electromagnetic field signal to realize the control instruction downloading communication.
2. The underground two-way communication device based on hybrid dipole cooperation according to claim 1, wherein the underground transmitting device comprises an insulating nipple, the insulating nipple is respectively and rigidly connected with an upper drill rod and a lower drill rod through a threaded structure, and the upper drill rod and the lower drill rod are electrically insulated from each other by utilizing the insulating characteristic of the insulating nipple while transmitting the torque of the drill rod and bearing the load, so that two positive and negative electrodes of the asymmetric electric dipole antenna are formed.
3. The underground bidirectional communication device based on hybrid dipole cooperation as recited in claim 2, wherein said insulating nipple is internally provided with a pressure-bearing cabin therethrough, and a downhole transmitting electronic unit is disposed in said pressure-bearing cabin, said downhole transmitting electronic unit comprising: The first control processing unit is connected with the data acquisition unit deployed at the near-bit position through an internal bus and is used for preprocessing, coding and modulating the underground data acquired by the data acquisition unit in real time and performing emission control; The first power amplifying unit is used for amplifying the output signal of the first control processing unit and driving alternating current so that the asymmetric electric dipole antenna generates a first time-varying magnetic field signal under the excitation of the alternating current; The first power supply unit is used for supplying power to the data acquisition unit, the first control processing unit and the first power amplifying unit.
4. The hybrid dipole-based cooperative well-to-earth two-way communication device of claim 1, wherein the surface transmitting means comprises: the second control processing unit is used for encoding and modulating the control instruction to be downloaded; The second power amplifying unit is used for amplifying the output signal of the second control processing unit and driving alternating current; the magnetic dipole antenna is used for generating a second time-varying electromagnetic field signal under the excitation of alternating current and injecting the second time-varying electromagnetic field signal into the ground medium; And the second power supply unit is used for supplying power to the second control processing unit, the second power amplifying unit and the magnetic dipole antenna.
5. The underground two-way communication device based on hybrid dipole cooperation according to claim 2, wherein the first magnetometer and the second magnetometer adopt atomic magnetometers based on quantum effect, the first magnetometer is arranged in a range of 30-100m away from a wellhead, the second magnetometer is arranged in the insulating nipple, and a temperature-resistant package and a nonmetallic pressure-resistant shell meeting preset requirements are arranged outside the second magnetometer.
6. A hybrid dipole collaboration based well bidirectional communication method implemented based on the hybrid dipole collaboration based well bidirectional communication device according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising: the underground data is coded and modulated by utilizing an underground transmitting device, the modulated first time electromagnetic field signal is transmitted to the ground medium, meanwhile, the first time electromagnetic field signal is received by utilizing a first magnetometer, and the received first time electromagnetic field signal is decoded, so that underground data uploading communication is realized; And encoding and modulating a control instruction to be downloaded by using a ground transmitting device, transmitting a modulated second time-varying electromagnetic field signal to the ground medium, receiving the second time-varying electromagnetic field signal by using a second magnetometer, and decoding the received second time-varying electromagnetic field signal to realize the downloading communication of the control instruction.
7. The method for two-way communication over the well based on the hybrid dipole cooperation according to claim 6, wherein the method for encoding and modulating the collected downhole data by using the downhole transmitting device, transmitting the modulated first time electromagnetic field signal to the ground medium, receiving the first time electromagnetic field signal by using the first magnetometer, and decoding the received first time electromagnetic field signal to realize the uploading communication of the downhole data comprises the following steps: preprocessing the collected underground data by using an underground transmitting device to obtain binary data streams; Encoding and modulating binary data stream by adopting a 2FSK signal modulation method to obtain a first encoded signal; After the first coding signal is enhanced, a first time electromagnetic field signal is transmitted to the ground medium according to a preset bidirectional communication mode; Receiving a first time variable magnetic field signal by using a first magnetometer, and outputting a corresponding original voltage signal; And decoding the original voltage signal to recover the original downhole data.
8. The method for bi-directional communication over a well based on hybrid dipole cooperation as defined in claim 7, wherein said decoding the original voltage signal to recover the original downhole data comprises: Carrying out integral energy evaluation on an original voltage signal output by the first magnetometer, and carrying out amplitude normalization; The normalized voltage signals are respectively passed through the center frequency as follows And Is separated to obtain two frequency channel signals, wherein, And Respectively representing carrier frequencies adopted when 2FSK signal modulation is carried out; Calculating the amplitude ratio of the two frequency channel signals obtained by separation, and performing amplitude self-adaptive compensation when the amplitude ratio exceeds a preset threshold value; multiplying the two frequency channel signals subjected to amplitude self-adaptive compensation with the same-frequency and same-phase carrier signals generated locally to realize frequency spectrum shifting; The baseband signal components of the two frequency channel signals are extracted by passing the two frequency channel signals after the frequency spectrum is shifted through a low-pass filter; And judging the amplitude values of the two baseband signal components by utilizing a judging circuit, and judging each data bit to be 1 or 0 to obtain original underground data.
9. The method of two-way communication in the pit based on hybrid dipole cooperation as recited in claim 8, wherein said performing the overall energy evaluation and the amplitude normalization of the raw voltage signal output by the first magnetometer comprises: And calculating a root mean square value of the original voltage signal in a preset time window based on the original voltage signal output by the first magnetometer, and normalizing the amplitude of the original voltage signal to a target amplitude interval according to the root mean square value.
10. The method for well-to-earth two-way communication based on hybrid dipole cooperation as claimed in claim 8, wherein said calculating the amplitude ratio of the two frequency channel signals obtained by the separation and performing the amplitude adaptive compensation when the amplitude ratio exceeds a preset threshold value comprises: Respectively monitoring and calculating the average amplitude of the two frequency channel signals, and calculating the amplitude ratio of the two frequency channel signals; comparing the calculated amplitude ratio with a preset threshold value, and triggering an adaptive compensation mechanism when the amplitude ratio exceeds the preset threshold value: and taking the average amplitude of the two frequency channel signals as a reference, applying gain amplification to the frequency channel signals with weaker amplitude, and carrying out attenuation treatment to the frequency channel signals with stronger amplitude to enable the two frequency channel signals to reach an amplitude balance state, wherein the balance state refers to controlling the amplitude ratio of the two frequency channel signals within a preset range.

Description

Well-ground bidirectional communication method and device based on hybrid dipole cooperation Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical fields of oil and gas well engineering, measurement and control while drilling and underground communication, and particularly relates to a well-to-ground bidirectional communication method and device based on hybrid dipole cooperation. Background Deep oil and gas exploration and development face complex severe environments, underground automation and intelligent tools need to transmit mass data to the ground in real time, and control instructions transmitted from the ground are received rapidly. The existing wireless signal transmission mode while drilling mainly comprises mud pulse, acoustic wave transmission and electromagnetic transmission. The transmission distance of the mud pulse is relatively long, but the transmission speed is low, and the mud pulse is not suitable for gas and foam drilling, while the sound wave transmission is not influenced by the medium such as gas or foam, but is easy to be interfered by environmental vibration, and the impedance matching problem exists at the drill stem coupling, if a relay forwarding device is not used, the actual effective transmission distance is usually difficult to exceed 1000 meters. Electromagnetic transmission is widely regarded as having potential of bidirectional rapid communication while drilling, but the current technology mainly uses an electric field component as carrier wave transmission, a receiving end decodes signals through potential difference of an inserted ground electrode, the signal transmission is seriously attenuated due to the influence of formation resistivity, telemetry depth is generally less than 3000 m, and the application range is seriously restricted even less than 1000 m in a low-resistance (< 10Ω.m) water-containing stratum. In the transmission process of the electromagnetic field, the electric field component and the magnetic field component are mutually converted and propagated, so that in the communication mode based on electromagnetic transmission, the magnetic field component can be used as a new path besides the transmission and the reception of the electric field component. And the relative permeability of the nonferromagnetic stratum is close to 1, the magnetic field component transmission process is little affected by the stratum, the dielectric loss is weak, the coverage area is wide, and the channel is stable. However, the existing magnetic dipole transmitting antenna is mainly a magnetic induction coil antenna, and has the disadvantages of large size, weak directivity, fast attenuation, short transmission distance (< 600 meters), large transmitting power and difficulty in realizing long-distance communication under the condition of limited underground space and power. The existing magnetic field measurement mode (such as an induction coil and a fluxgate magnetometer) has low sensitivity, and is difficult to effectively receive a weak magnetic signal transmitted in a long distance. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the problems that electromagnetic wave transmission in the existing electromagnetic measurement while drilling system (Electromagnetic Measurement WHILE DRILLING, EM-MWD) is seriously affected by formation resistivity and has serious attenuation, insufficient sensitivity of a receiver and short transmission distance, the invention aims to provide a well-to-ground two-way communication method and device based on hybrid dipole cooperation, and the hybrid dipole cooperation strategy of electric dipole emission and magnetic dipole reception is adopted, so that the influence of formation resistivity can be overcome, the high-sensitivity receiving capability is provided, and well-to-ground long-distance two-way high-speed while drilling communication can be realized. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: in a first aspect, the present invention provides a hybrid dipole collaboration based borehole bi-directional communication device comprising: The uplink communication device is configured to encode and modulate the acquired underground data by utilizing the underground transmitting device, transmit the modulated first time-varying magnetic field signal to the ground medium, simultaneously receive the first time-varying magnetic field signal by utilizing the first magnetometer, and decode the received first time-varying magnetic field signal to realize underground data uploading communication; The downlink communication device is configured to encode and modulate a control instruction to be downloaded by using the ground emission device, emit a modulated second time-varying electromagnetic field signal to the ground medium, receive the second time-varying electromagnetic field signal by using the second magnetometer, and decode the received second time-varying electromagnetic field signal to realize the