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CN-121985462-A - Device for cracking biomass liquid fuel by direct-current arc plasma

CN121985462ACN 121985462 ACN121985462 ACN 121985462ACN-121985462-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis, and discloses a biomass liquid fuel pyrolysis device by direct-current arc plasma, which comprises a plasma generator, wherein the bottom of a reaction cavity is connected with a quenching cavity, a pyrolysis product outlet is arranged at the bottom of the reaction cavity and is communicated with the quenching cavity, a carrier gas conveying component is arranged at the upper part of the outer end surface of the plasma generator and is used for conveying carrier gas into the plasma generator, a first water cooling component is arranged at the middle part of the outer end of the plasma generator and is used for cooling water circulation, and a magnetic control component is arranged at the lower part of the outer end surface of the plasma generator and is used for controlling magnetic field intensity. The device is characterized in that a surrounding electromagnetic coil is arranged on the periphery of an anode, a plasma beam is restrained by generating an axial or radial magnetic field, the whole plasma area is covered, the shape and the movement of plasma are effectively controlled under the condition that other arc working parameters are not changed, and the instability of the arc plasma is weakened by the arc stabilizing force of an external magnetic field.

Inventors

  • TAN FANGGUAN
  • Chen Shangfei
  • LI FASHE
  • ZHU LIN
  • ZHANG FUSEN
  • PENG HONGYAN

Assignees

  • 昆明理工大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260109

Claims (9)

  1. 1. The device for cracking biomass liquid fuel by direct-current arc plasma is characterized by comprising a plasma generator (1), wherein the bottom of the plasma generator (1) is connected with a reaction cavity (2), and the bottom of the reaction cavity (2) is connected with a quenching cavity (3); A plasma jet outlet (14) is arranged at the bottom of the plasma generator (1) and is communicated with the reaction cavity (2); a cracking product outlet (23) is arranged at the bottom of the reaction cavity (2) and is communicated with the quenching cavity (3); The upper part of the outer end surface of the plasma generator (1) is provided with a carrier gas conveying component for conveying carrier gas into the plasma generator (1), the middle part of the outer end of the plasma generator (1) is provided with a first water cooling component for cooling water circulation, and the lower part of the outer end surface of the plasma generator (1) is provided with a magnetic control component for controlling the magnetic field intensity; the upper part of the reaction cavity (2) is provided with a feeding component for conveying materials participating in cracking, and the middle part of the reaction cavity (2) is provided with a second water cooling component; the middle part of the quenching cavity (3) is provided with a quenching component for cooling the cracking product.
  2. 2. The device for cracking biomass liquid fuel by direct current arc plasma according to claim 1, wherein the plasma generator (1) comprises a cathode (4), an anode (5) and an insulating layer (6), the anode (5) is of a sleeve structure, the insulating layer (6) is fixedly arranged between the cathode (4) and the anode (5), and the bottom of the cathode (4) is pointed.
  3. 3. The direct current arc plasma pyrolysis biomass liquid fuel device according to claim 2, wherein the carrier gas conveying assembly comprises a carrier gas inlet (12) and a carrier gas input pipeline (13), the carrier gas inlet (12) is formed in the side portion of the anode, the carrier gas input pipeline (13) is communicated with the inside of the anode (5) along the carrier gas inlet (12), a plasma jet outlet (14) is formed in the bottom of the anode (5), and the generated plasma jet is sprayed into the reaction cavity (2) through the plasma jet outlet (14).
  4. 4. The device for cracking biomass liquid fuel by direct-current arc plasma according to claim 2, wherein the magnetic control assembly comprises an exciting coil (30), and the exciting coil (30) is wound and fixed outside the anode (5) in a ring shape.
  5. 5. The device for cracking biomass liquid fuel by direct-current arc plasma according to claim 2, wherein the first water cooling assembly comprises a first water cooling tank (7), a first cooling water input pipeline (8), a first cooling water inlet (9), a first cooling water output pipeline (10) and a first cooling water outlet (11), the first water cooling tank (7) is arranged in the anode (5), the first cooling water inlet (9) and the first cooling water outlet (11) are respectively arranged on two sides of the anode (5), and the first cooling water input pipeline (8) and the first cooling water output pipeline (10) are respectively communicated with the first water cooling tank (7) along the first cooling water inlet (9) and the first cooling water outlet (11).
  6. 6. The device for cracking biomass liquid fuel by direct current arc plasma according to claim 1, wherein the feeding component comprises an annular atomizing spray pipe (21) arranged on one side of the outer end face of the reaction cavity (2), an injection hole (32) formed in the output end of the atomizing spray pipe (21) is communicated with a gas conduit (31), a nozzle (33) formed in the output end of the gas conduit (31) is communicated with the reaction cavity (2), and the atomizing spray pipe (21) is connected with a feeding pipeline (22) and is used for conveying biomass liquid fuel.
  7. 7. The device for cracking biomass liquid fuel by direct current arc plasma according to claim 6, wherein a quartz glass tube window (34) is embedded and arranged at one side of the reaction cavity (2).
  8. 8. The device for cracking biomass liquid fuel by direct current arc plasma according to claim 7, wherein the second water cooling assembly comprises a second water cooling tank (16), a second cooling water input pipeline (17), a second cooling water inlet (18), a second cooling water output pipeline (19) and a second cooling water outlet (20), the second water cooling tank (16) is formed inside the reaction cavity (2), the second cooling water inlet (18) is formed at the bottom of the outer end of the reaction cavity (2) and corresponds to the second water cooling tank (16), the second cooling water outlet (20) is formed at the top of the outer end of the reaction cavity (2) and corresponds to the second water cooling tank (16), and the second cooling water input pipeline (17) and the second cooling water output pipeline (19) are respectively connected with the second water cooling tank (16) through the second cooling water inlet (18) and the second cooling water outlet (20).
  9. 9. The direct current arc plasma pyrolysis biomass liquid fuel device of claim 1, wherein the quenching assembly comprises an outer wall (25), jet holes (26), a quenching water jet pipe (27), a pyrolysis gas outlet (28) and a polytetrafluoroethylene pipeline (29), the outer wall (25) is connected with the bottom of the reaction cavity (2), 6 jet holes (26) are symmetrically arranged in the outer wall (25), the quenching water jet pipes (27) are respectively connected with the jet holes (26), a quenching water medium is jetted into the quenching cavity (3), the pyrolysis gas outlet (28) is arranged at the bottom of the quenching cavity (3), and the polytetrafluoroethylene pipeline (29) is connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet (28).

Description

Device for cracking biomass liquid fuel by direct-current arc plasma Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis, in particular to a device for pyrolysis of biomass liquid fuel by direct-current arc plasma. Background In recent years, titanium metal has shown wide application potential in various key fields of aerospace, military equipment and national economy due to low density, high strength, good ductility and corrosion resistance, and is known as a third metal after aluminum and iron. The main industrial raw material of the titanium material is ilmenite, and the electric furnace smelting method in the enrichment process is mature in technology and wide in application. The method is realized based on an electric arc furnace, and titanium-rich slag is obtained by mixing ilmenite and a reducing agent under a high temperature condition for reduction reaction. In the smelting process, the high-temperature arc generated between the electrodes forms direct-current arc plasma, has the characteristics of high temperature, high enthalpy, high active particle density and the like, particularly has the unique advantages of high temperature and high energy density, is excellent in cracking reaction, is very suitable for industrial processes requiring extreme thermodynamic conditions such as titanium slag smelting and the like, and can realize efficient energy transmission and selective fracture of complex chemical bonds. At present, coke is generally adopted as a reducing agent in the process, electric energy is utilized to break down air to form arc plasma, and ilmenite is promoted to react with a carbonaceous reducing agent. Although the method has good enrichment effect and high production efficiency, coke is taken as a non-renewable fossil energy source, a large amount of greenhouse gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and the like can be released in the smelting process, compared with the method, the pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, smoke dust and the like generated by the combustion of biomass liquid fuel are obviously reduced, and even zero carbon or carbon emission is hopeful to be realized. The plasma pyrolysis technology not only can remarkably improve the reaction rate of biomass gasification, but also can initiate a series of complex chemical reactions which are difficult to carry out under the conventional conditions in a plasma activation state, thereby generating high-grade synthesis gas mainly comprising H 2 and CO. The technology is not only beneficial to improving the yield and quality of the synthesis gas, but also can effectively inhibit the generation of coke and tar in the pyrolysis process. However, in the process of cracking biomass liquid fuel by using direct current arc plasma, the ionization process, the discharge characteristic and key influencing factors inside the reactor are not fully researched at present. Meanwhile, although the existing plasma generator has various structural forms, the problems of high parameters, large volume, poor universality and the like generally exist, and most of the existing plasma generator is fixed to a specific application scene for operation, so that the existing plasma generator is difficult to adapt to specific process requirements of efficient pyrolysis of biomass liquid fuel. In addition, the surface of the anode of the plasma generator often has the phenomenon of large fluctuation of the attached position of the arc root, so that the plasma jet is seriously instable, the operation reliability of the arc plasma generator is directly reduced, the key plasma parameters of the jet are difficult to accurately control, and the method becomes a key bottleneck for restricting the technical development and industrial application. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a device for cracking biomass liquid fuel by using direct current arc plasma, which has the advantages of improving cracking efficiency, energy utilization rate, product selectivity and the like, and solves the technical problems. In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides the technical scheme that the direct-current arc plasma biomass liquid fuel cracking device comprises a plasma generator, wherein the bottom of the plasma generator is connected with a reaction cavity, and the bottom of the reaction cavity is connected with a quenching cavity; a plasma jet outlet is arranged at the bottom of the plasma generator and is communicated with the reaction cavity; the bottom of the reaction cavity is provided with a cracking product outlet which is communicated with the quenching cavity; The upper part of the outer end surface of the plasma generator is provided with a carrier gas conveying component for conveying carrier gas into the plasma generator, the middle part of the outer end of the plasma generator is provided with a first water cooling component for circulating cooli