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CN-121985622-A - Method and device for manufacturing photovoltaic cell, photovoltaic cell and photovoltaic module

CN121985622ACN 121985622 ACN121985622 ACN 121985622ACN-121985622-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of photovoltaics, and provides a manufacturing method and device of a photovoltaic cell, the photovoltaic cell and a photovoltaic module, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the steps of providing an initial cell, wherein the initial cell comprises a cell substrate; the battery comprises a battery substrate, first conductive parts positioned on the battery substrate, passivation layers at least positioned on part of the first conductive parts or part of areas of the first conductive parts, and second conductive parts welded on one side of the passivation layers far away from the first conductive parts by adopting an ultrasonic welding process, wherein the ultrasonic welding process at least comprises a first stage and a second stage, the ultrasonic power of the first stage is larger than that of the second stage, and the conductive performance between the first conductive parts and the second conductive parts is at least improved.

Inventors

  • XIN SHAN
  • TAO WUSONG
  • PENG YINGYING

Assignees

  • 浙江晶科能源有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260403

Claims (20)

  1. 1. A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic cell, comprising: providing an initial battery piece, wherein the initial battery piece comprises a battery substrate, first conductive parts positioned on the battery substrate, passivation layers positioned on at least a part of the first conductive parts or part of areas of the first conductive parts; welding a second conductive part on one side of the passivation layer far away from the first conductive part by adopting an ultrasonic welding process; The ultrasonic welding process at least comprises a first stage and a second stage, wherein the ultrasonic power of the first stage is larger than that of the second stage.
  2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the passivation layer is removed during the ultrasonic welding process and/or a partial region of the second conductive portion is embedded in the first conductive portion.
  3. 3. The method of manufacturing a photovoltaic cell according to claim 2, wherein the second conductive portion includes a body portion and a protruding portion, the passivation layer covered by the second conductive portion is completely removed in the ultrasonic welding process, the body portion is in contact connection with the first conductive portion, and the protruding portion is embedded in the first conductive portion.
  4. 4. The method of manufacturing a photovoltaic cell according to claim 2, wherein the second conductive portion comprises a body portion and a raised portion, a portion of the passivation layer is removed during the ultrasonic welding process, the remaining passivation layer is located between the body portion and the first conductive portion, and the raised portion is further embedded in the passivation layer.
  5. 5. The method of manufacturing a photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the ultrasonic power of the second stage to the ultrasonic power of the first stage is greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than 1.
  6. 6. The method for manufacturing a photovoltaic cell according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the ultrasonic power of the first stage is 15w to 20w, and/or the ultrasonic power of the second stage is 10w to 20w.
  7. 7. The method of manufacturing a photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein the welding temperature of the ultrasonic welding process is 200 ℃ to 300 ℃.
  8. 8. The method of manufacturing a photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the cell substrate provided with the first conductive portion comprises a central region and an edge region surrounding the central region, the first conductive portion comprises edge pads located at the edge region, and the passivation layer is located at least on a side of a part of the number of edge pads remote from the cell substrate.
  9. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the initial cell further comprises a center pad located in the center region, and wherein the top surface of the center pad away from the cell substrate is higher than the top surface of the edge pad away from the cell substrate with respect to the cell substrate.
  10. 10. The method of manufacturing a photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the cell substrate provided with the first conductive portion includes a central region and an edge region surrounding the central region, the first conductive portion includes a gate line on the cell substrate, and the passivation layer is located at least on a side of the gate line located at a portion of the edge region remote from the cell substrate.
  11. 11. The method for manufacturing a photovoltaic cell according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the step of providing the initial cell sheet comprises providing a whole cell, and cutting the whole cell to obtain at least two initial cell sheets, wherein the initial cell sheets have an aspect ratio of 1.6 to 3.49.
  12. 12. The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the step of providing the initial cell comprises providing a whole cell, cutting the whole cell to obtain at least two initial cells, wherein the initial cell comprises at least one cutting surface, the edge region adjacent to the cutting surface is provided with a cutting edge, the distance between the edge bonding pad and the cutting edge is a first distance, the distance between the passivation layer and the cutting edge is a second distance, and the first distance is smaller than or equal to the second distance.
  13. 13. The method of manufacturing a photovoltaic cell according to claim 12, wherein the first pitch is 2mm to 4mm.
  14. 14. A device for manufacturing a photovoltaic cell for carrying out the method for manufacturing a photovoltaic cell according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising: The conveying module is used for providing the initial battery piece; The ultrasonic welding module is used for welding the second conductive part on the initial battery piece and comprises a control unit, wherein the control unit is used for setting the technological parameters of the ultrasonic welding module, so that the ultrasonic welding process at least comprises a first stage and a second stage, and the ultrasonic power of the first stage is larger than that of the second stage.
  15. 15. A photovoltaic cell, comprising: the initial battery piece comprises a battery substrate, a first conductive part, a second conductive part, a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first conductive part is positioned on the battery substrate; a second conductive portion, at least a portion of which is located at a side of the first conductive portion remote from the battery substrate, the second conductive portion including a body portion and a protruding portion, the protruding portion being embedded in the first conductive portion; The photovoltaic cell comprises a body part, a first conductive part, a second conductive part, a first protrusion part, a second protrusion part and a passivation layer, wherein the body part is in contact connection with the first conductive part, or the photovoltaic cell further comprises the passivation layer, the passivation layer is positioned between the body part and the first conductive part, and the first protrusion part penetrates through the passivation layer along a first direction; the first direction is a thickness direction of the battery substrate.
  16. 16. The photovoltaic cell of claim 15, wherein the passivation layer has a thickness of 40nm to 50nm along the first direction.
  17. 17. The photovoltaic cell of claim 15 or 16, wherein the thickness of the body portion is 10-15 μm in the first direction.
  18. 18. The photovoltaic cell of claim 15, wherein a ratio of an embedding depth of the protruding portion in the first conductive portion to a thickness of the first conductive portion in the first direction is greater than or equal to 50% and less than 100%.
  19. 19. The photovoltaic cell of claim 15, wherein a ratio of an orthographic projected area of the protruding portion on the cell substrate to an orthographic projected area of the first conductive portion on the cell substrate is a first ratio, the first ratio being greater than or equal to 50% and less than 100%.
  20. 20. A photovoltaic module, comprising: a cell string formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cells formed by the method for manufacturing a photovoltaic cell according to any one of claims 1 to 13, or formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cells formed by the apparatus for manufacturing a photovoltaic cell according to claim 14, or formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cells according to any one of claims 15 to 19; the packaging adhesive film is used for covering the surface of the battery string; and the cover plate is used for covering the surface of the packaging adhesive film, which is away from the battery strings.

Description

Method and device for manufacturing photovoltaic cell, photovoltaic cell and photovoltaic module Technical Field The disclosure relates to the field of photovoltaics, in particular to a manufacturing method and device of a photovoltaic cell, the photovoltaic cell and a photovoltaic module. Background As fossil energy is gradually depleted, photovoltaic cells are increasingly being used as new energy alternatives. Photovoltaic cells are devices that convert the light energy of the sun into electrical energy. The photovoltaic cell utilizes the photovoltaic principle to generate carriers, and then the electrodes are used for leading out the carriers, so that the photovoltaic cell is beneficial to effectively utilizing electric energy. Current photovoltaic cells mainly include BC cells (Back Contact cells), TOPCON (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact, tunnel oxide passivation Contact) cells, PERC cells (PASSIVATED EMITTER AND REAL CELL, passivation emitter and Back cells), HIT/HJT cells (Heterojunction Technology, heterojunction cells), and the like. Through different film layer settings and corresponding manufacturing methods, the electrical performance of the photovoltaic cell is improved while the optical loss is reduced. However, the electrical performance of the current photovoltaic cells remains to be further improved. Disclosure of Invention The disclosure provides a manufacturing method of a photovoltaic cell, a device thereof, the photovoltaic cell and a photovoltaic module, which are at least beneficial to improving the conductivity between a first conductive part and a second conductive part. The manufacturing method of the photovoltaic cell comprises the steps of providing an initial cell, wherein the initial cell comprises a cell substrate, first conducting parts located on the cell substrate, a passivation layer at least located on part of the first conducting parts or part of areas of the first conducting parts, and welding second conducting parts on one side, away from the first conducting parts, of the passivation layer by adopting an ultrasonic welding process, wherein the ultrasonic welding process at least comprises a first stage and a second stage, and ultrasonic power of the first stage is larger than that of the second stage. Optionally, at least a portion of the passivation layer is removed during the ultrasonic welding process and/or a partial region of the second conductive portion is embedded in the first conductive portion. Optionally, the second conductive portion includes a body portion and a protruding portion, the passivation layer covered by the second conductive portion is completely removed in the ultrasonic welding process, the body portion is in contact connection with the first conductive portion, and the protruding portion is embedded in the first conductive portion. Optionally, the second conductive portion includes a body portion and a protruding portion, a portion of the passivation layer is removed in the ultrasonic welding process, and the remaining passivation layer is located between the body portion and the first conductive portion, and the protruding portion is further embedded in the passivation layer. Optionally, the ratio of the ultrasonic power of the second stage to the ultrasonic power of the first stage is greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than 1. Optionally, the ultrasonic power of the first stage is 15W-20W, and/or the ultrasonic power of the second stage is 10W-20W. Optionally, the welding temperature of the ultrasonic welding process is 200-300 ℃. Optionally, the surface of the battery substrate provided with the first conductive part includes a central region and an edge region surrounding the central region, the first conductive part includes edge pads located at the edge region, and the passivation layer is located at least at a part of the number of sides of the edge pads away from the battery substrate. Optionally, the initial battery piece further comprises a central bonding pad positioned in the central area, and the top surface of the central bonding pad, which is far away from the battery substrate, is higher than the top surface of the edge bonding pad, which is far away from the battery substrate, by taking the battery substrate as a reference surface. Optionally, the surface of the battery substrate provided with the first conductive part includes a central region and an edge region surrounding the central region, the first conductive part includes a gate line on the battery substrate, and the passivation layer is at least located on a side of the gate line, which is away from the battery substrate, of a portion of the gate line located in the edge region. Optionally, the step of providing the initial battery piece comprises the steps of providing a whole battery piece, and cutting the whole battery piece to obtain at least two initial battery pieces, wherein the length-width ratio of the initial battery pieces is 1.6-3.49. Optionally, the s