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CN-121985623-A - Solar cell, preparation method, laminated cell, photovoltaic module and processing equipment

CN121985623ACN 121985623 ACN121985623 ACN 121985623ACN-121985623-A

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a solar cell, a preparation method, a laminated cell, a photovoltaic module and processing equipment. According to the preparation method provided by the application, the solar cell can be subjected to photo-thermal cooperative treatment by utilizing the process window period between printing and sintering so as to activate hydrogen atoms in the film layer of the solar cell and guide the hydrogen atoms to migrate towards the direction of the substrate, so that the hydrogen atoms can be combined with suspension bonds at the substrate to form a passivation structure, the internal defects of the solar cell can be repaired in advance, the hydrogen atoms in the film layer of the solar cell can be locked before the solar cell is sintered, the possibility of excessive escape of the hydrogen atoms during sintering can be further reduced, the concentration of the hydrogen atoms in the film layer of the solar cell is favorably improved, the passivation quality of the solar cell is improved, the photoelectric conversion efficiency, the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current and the filling factor of the solar cell are improved, and the overall working performance of the solar cell is improved.

Inventors

  • FENG XUEBING
  • LIU ZHI
  • LIU LAMEI
  • MIAO LIYAN

Assignees

  • 晶科能源(海宁)有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260408

Claims (20)

  1. 1. A method of manufacturing a solar cell, the method comprising: Providing a battery piece; printing metal paste on the surface of the battery piece; preheating the battery piece so that the battery piece is at a first preset temperature; heating the battery piece to enable the battery piece to be at a second preset temperature, and performing first illumination treatment on the surface of the battery piece by adopting a first light source in the heating treatment process; Sintering the battery piece to solidify the metal paste to form a metal electrode; the first preset temperature is T1, the second preset temperature is T2, and T1 and T2 satisfy T1< T2.
  2. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a surface of at least one side of the battery sheet is heated with a first heat source during the preheating treatment; In the heating treatment process, a second heat source is adopted to heat the surface of at least one side of the battery piece; and in the light treatment process, the first light source is adopted to irradiate at least one side surface of the battery piece.
  3. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the first preset temperature also satisfies 110 ℃ less than or equal to T1 less than or equal to 140 ℃ during the preheating treatment, the time of the preheating treatment is T1, and T1 satisfies 30s less than or equal to T1 less than or equal to 60s, the temperature rising rate during the preheating treatment is β1, and β1 satisfies 0.5 ℃ less than or equal to β1 less than or equal to 2 ℃ per s.
  4. 4. The production method according to claim 2, wherein the second preset temperature also satisfies 120 ℃ T2 ℃ or less than 180 ℃ during the temperature-raising treatment, the time of the temperature-raising treatment is T21, and T21 satisfies 40s T21 s or less than 90s, the temperature-raising rate during the temperature-raising treatment is β2, and β2 satisfies 1 ℃ or less than β2 or less than 3 ℃.
  5. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the course of the light treatment, the first light source is ultraviolet light, the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is λ, λ satisfies 380 nm-420 nm, the intensity of the ultraviolet light is E, and E satisfies 90mW/cm 2-100 mW/cm2, the light treatment time is t22, and t22 satisfies 40 s-t 22-90 s.
  6. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the first light source irradiates an area covering the surface of the battery piece is S1, the surface area of the battery piece is S2, and S1 and S2 satisfy 95% S1/S2% or less than 100%.
  7. 7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein prior to sintering the battery sheet to cure the metal paste to form the metal electrode, the method further comprises: Transferring the battery piece to a sintering furnace for sintering treatment, and carrying out heat preservation treatment on the battery piece in the transferring process so as to enable the temperature of the battery piece to be at a third preset temperature, and conveying protective gas to the surface of the battery piece, wherein the flowing direction of the protective gas is parallel to the surface of the battery piece; Wherein the third preset temperature is T3, and T3 and T2 satisfy T3 less than or equal to T2.
  8. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein a protective gas is supplied to a surface of at least one side of the battery sheet during the heat-retaining treatment.
  9. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the shielding gas is one or more of nitrogen and argon.
  10. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the shielding gas is nitrogen, the purity of the nitrogen is phi, and phi satisfies 5 n≤phi≤6n.
  11. 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the third preset temperature is 150 ℃ or less and T3 or less and 180 ℃ or less, the time of the heat preservation treatment is T3, and T3 satisfies 10s or less and T3 or less and 30s or less.
  12. 12. The method according to claim 7, wherein the rate of temperature decrease during the heat-retaining treatment is β3, and β3 satisfies-0.2 ℃ per second to β3 to-1 ℃ per second.
  13. 13. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein the battery sheet includes a first surface and a second surface that are disposed opposite to each other in a first direction, a temperature difference between the first surface and the second surface is Δt during the preheating treatment, the temperature increasing treatment, and the heat retaining treatment, and Δt satisfies 0 ℃.
  14. 14. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that after the battery piece is subjected to a sintering treatment to cure the metal paste to form the metal electrode, the production method further comprises: And carrying out secondary illumination treatment on the surface of the battery piece by adopting a second light source.
  15. 15. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the battery sheet comprises a substrate and a passivation layer, the passivation layer is connected to two sides of the substrate along a first direction, and the metal electrode is electrically connected to the substrate; the passivation layer is made of one or more of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, hydrogenated silicon nitride, hydrogenated silicon oxide, hydrogenated silicon carbide and hydrogenated aluminum oxide.
  16. 16. A solar cell, characterized in that the solar cell is manufactured using the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 15.
  17. 17. A laminated cell, wherein the laminated cell comprises a bottom cell and a top cell, the bottom cell employs the solar cell of claim 16, and the top cell is located on one side of the bottom cell and is electrically connected to the bottom cell.
  18. 18. A photovoltaic module comprising a cover sheet, an encapsulation layer and at least one cell string, the cover sheet being connected to the cell string by the encapsulation layer, the cell string comprising a plurality of solar cells according to claim 16 or a plurality of stacked cells according to claim 17.
  19. 19. A processing apparatus, characterized in that the processing apparatus comprises: the discharging cavity outputs a battery piece, and the surface of the battery piece is printed with metal slurry; the preheating cavity is communicated with the outlet of the discharging cavity at one end, and is provided with a first heat source; One end of the reaction cavity is communicated with one end of the preheating cavity, and the reaction cavity is provided with a second heat source and a first light source; The inlet of the sintering furnace is communicated with the other end of the reaction cavity; the discharging cavity, the preheating cavity, the reaction cavity and the sintering furnace are sequentially communicated through the conveying device, the battery piece is clamped by the conveying device through the clamping component, and the battery piece is driven to move among the discharging cavity, the preheating cavity, the reaction cavity and the sintering furnace; The first heat sources, the second heat sources and the first light sources are distributed on two sides of the conveying device along a first direction, and the second heat sources and the first light sources are arranged in an array and are adjacently arranged.
  20. 20. The processing apparatus of claim 19, further comprising a soak chamber located between the reaction chamber and the sintering furnace and in communication with the reaction chamber and the sintering furnace, respectively, through the transfer device; The heat preservation chamber is provided with the third heat source and blows the subassembly, the third heat source along first direction distribute in conveyer's both sides, blow the subassembly along second direction or third direction set up in the lateral wall of heat preservation chamber at least one side.

Description

Solar cell, preparation method, laminated cell, photovoltaic module and processing equipment Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a solar cell, a preparation method, a laminated cell, a photovoltaic module and processing equipment. Background Currently, during the sintering of solar cells, metal paste can penetrate the passivation layer and electrically connect with the doped conductive layer or the emitter to form a metal-semiconductor contact for collecting and transporting carriers. However, during sintering, hydrogen atoms in the film layer are easy to escape, so that the hydrogen passivation effect is reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is affected. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above, the application provides a solar cell, a preparation method, a laminated cell, a photovoltaic module and processing equipment, so as to solve the technical problem that the hydrogen passivation effect of the solar cell after sintering treatment is reduced in the prior art. The application provides a preparation method of a solar cell, which comprises the following steps: Providing a battery piece, printing metal paste on the surface of the battery piece, preheating the battery piece to enable the battery piece to be at a first preset temperature, heating the battery piece to enable the battery piece to be at a second preset temperature, carrying out first light treatment on the surface of the battery piece by adopting a first light source in the heating treatment process, and carrying out sintering treatment on the battery piece to solidify the metal paste to form a metal electrode. The first preset temperature is T1, the second preset temperature is T2, and T1 and T2 meet T1< T2. In one possible implementation, the surface of at least one side of the battery piece is heated by a first heat source during the preheating treatment, the surface of at least one side of the battery piece is heated by a second heat source during the heating treatment, and the surface of at least one side of the battery piece is irradiated by a first light source during the illumination treatment. In one possible embodiment, the first preset temperature also satisfies 110 ℃ less than or equal to T1 less than or equal to 140 ℃ during the preheating treatment, the preheating treatment time is T1, T1 satisfies 30s less than or equal to T1 less than or equal to 60s, the temperature rising rate during the preheating treatment is β1, and β1 satisfies 0.5 ℃ per s less than or equal to β1 less than or equal to 2 ℃ per s. In one possible embodiment, the second preset temperature also satisfies 120 ℃ less than or equal to T2 less than or equal to 180 ℃ during the temperature raising process, the time of the temperature raising process is T21, T21 satisfies 40s less than or equal to T21 less than or equal to 90s, the temperature raising rate during the temperature raising process is β2, and β2 satisfies 1 ℃ less than or equal to β2 less than or equal to 3 ℃ per s. In one possible embodiment, during the light treatment, the first light source is ultraviolet light, the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is lambda, lambda satisfies 380nm less than or equal to lambda less than or equal to 420nm, the intensity of the ultraviolet light is E, E satisfies 90mW/cm 2≤E≤100mW/cm2, the time of the light treatment is t22, and t22 satisfies 40s less than or equal to t22 less than or equal to 90s. In one possible embodiment, the first light source irradiates an area covering the cell surface of S1, the cell surface area is S2, and S1 and S2 satisfy 95% S1/S2 100%. In one possible embodiment, before the battery sheet is subjected to the sintering treatment to solidify the metal paste to form the metal electrode, the manufacturing method further includes: And transferring the battery piece to a sintering furnace for sintering treatment, and carrying out heat preservation treatment on the battery piece in the transferring process so that the temperature of the battery piece is at a third preset temperature, and conveying protective gas to the surface of the battery piece, wherein the flowing direction of the protective gas is parallel to the surface of the battery piece. Wherein the third preset temperature is T3, and T3 and T2 satisfy T3≤T2. In one possible embodiment, a protective gas is supplied to the surface of at least one side of the battery sheet during the heat-insulating treatment. In one possible embodiment, the shielding gas is one or more of nitrogen and argon. In one possible embodiment, the shielding gas is nitrogen, the purity of the nitrogen is phi, and phi satisfies 5 N≤phi≤6N. In one possible embodiment, the third preset temperature also satisfies 150 ℃ less than or equal to T3 less than or equal to 180 ℃, the time of the heat preservation treatment is T3, and T3 satisfies 10s less than or equal to T3 less than or equal to 30s. In one possible embodi