CN-121985624-A - Solar cell, preparation method thereof and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar cell, a preparation method thereof and a photovoltaic module, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, so as to solve the problems that the defect hidden trouble of the part of an N-type doped layer and a P-type doped layer, which is close to the edge of a cell, is large and the leakage risk is high. The solar cell includes a substrate and a current collecting layer. The current collecting layer is arranged on the first surface of the substrate and comprises a plurality of first current collecting parts and second current collecting parts, wherein the first current collecting parts and the second current collecting parts are arranged at intervals along the first direction and extend along the second direction. The first surface is provided with a first side and a second side which are oppositely arranged along a second direction, a second isolation region is arranged between the boundary of the first current collecting part adjacent to the first side and the first side, a third isolation region is arranged between the boundary of the second current collecting part adjacent to the first side and the first side, and the width of the second isolation region or the third isolation region in the second direction is larger than that of the first isolation region in the first direction.

Inventors

• TANG QING
• GU JIAHAO
• WANG RUIQI
• Lv Hengji
• LI ERLEI
• KE XIMAN
• YE FENG
• FANG LIANG
• XU XIXIANG

Assignees

• 隆基绿能科技股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20240730

Claims (20)

1. 1. A solar cell, comprising: A substrate comprising opposing first and second surfaces; The current collecting layer is arranged on the first surface and comprises a plurality of first current collecting parts and a plurality of second current collecting parts, wherein the first current collecting parts and the second current collecting parts are sequentially alternately arranged at intervals along a first direction and extend along a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are orthogonal; The first surface is provided with a first edge and a second edge which are oppositely arranged along the second direction, a second isolation area is arranged between the boundary of the first current collecting part, which is close to the first edge, and the first edge, a third isolation area is arranged between the boundary of the second current collecting part, which is close to the first edge, and the width of the second isolation area or the third isolation area in the second direction is larger than the width of the first isolation area in the first direction.
2. 2. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the current collection layer is a transparent conductive layer.
3. 3. The solar cell of claim 1, further comprising a ring-shaped conductor layer on the first surface surrounding the current collection layer; a fourth isolation region is arranged between the inner boundary of the annular conductor layer close to the first edge and the boundary of the first current collecting part close to the first edge, and/or a fifth isolation region is arranged between the inner boundary of the annular conductor layer close to the first edge and the boundary of the second current collecting part close to the first edge; The width of the fourth isolation region and/or the fifth isolation region in the second direction is greater than the width of the first isolation region in the first direction.
4. 4. The solar cell of claim 3, wherein the annular conductor layer comprises a first annular conductor portion and a second annular conductor portion, the first annular conductor portion being in direct contact with the substrate, the second annular conductor portion not being in direct contact with the substrate; The second annular conductor portion is located between the first annular conductor portion and the fourth isolation region, or the second annular conductor portion is located between the first annular conductor portion and the fifth isolation region.
5. 5. A solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that a doped semiconductor layer is arranged between the annular conductor layer and the substrate.
6. 6. The solar cell according to claim 1, further comprising a grid line disposed on the current collecting layer, the grid line being respectively located on the first current collecting portion and the second current collecting portion; The minimum distance between the end part of the grid line, which is close to the first edge, and the second isolation region and/or the third isolation region in the second direction is L1, the minimum distance between the grid line and the first isolation region in the first direction is L2, and L1 is larger than L2.
7. 7. The solar cell of claim 6, wherein L1 is greater than or equal to 100 microns and less than or equal to 500 microns; L2 is greater than or equal to 50 microns and less than or equal to 400 microns.
8. 8. The solar cell of claim 1 or 6, wherein the first surface further comprises a third side between the first side and the second side, wherein one end of the third side is connected to an end of the first side by a first chamfer; The boundary of the first current collecting part adjacent to the first chamfer and/or the second chamfer is a chamfer edge, and/or the boundary of the second current collecting part adjacent to the first chamfer and/or the second chamfer is a chamfer edge.
9. 9. The solar cell according to claim 8, wherein a length of the first current collecting portion adjacent to the first chamfer and the second chamfer is smaller than a length of the remaining first current collecting portion, and/or a length of the second current collecting portion adjacent to the first chamfer and the second chamfer is smaller than a length of the remaining second current collecting portion.
10. 10. The solar cell according to claim 3, wherein the first surface of the substrate has a plurality of concave regions respectively provided corresponding to the plurality of first current collecting portions and a plurality of flat regions respectively provided corresponding to the plurality of second current collecting portions; or, the first surface of the substrate is provided with a plurality of concave areas respectively corresponding to the plurality of first current collecting areas and a flat area respectively corresponding to the annular conductor layer; the concave area is concave compared with the flat area along the direction from the first surface to the second surface, and an inclined side wall is arranged between the adjacent concave area and the flat area.
11. 11. The solar cell of claim 10, wherein the recessed region is formed with a first texture, the first texture comprising a pyramid-shaped texture; the flat area is in the shape of a pyramid tower foundation.
12. 12. The solar cell according to claim 10, wherein the inclined sidewall has a second texture formed thereon, the second texture comprising a prismatic structure, the prismatic structure being inclined in a direction gradually from the concave region toward the flat region adjacent thereto.
13. 13. The solar cell of claim 12, wherein the apex of the prismatic structure remote from the substrate has a pyramid with a tip below the surface of the flat region.
14. 14. The solar cell of claim 3, further comprising a first doped semiconductor layer and a second doped semiconductor layer disposed on the first surface of the substrate, the first doped semiconductor layer and the second doped semiconductor layer being of opposite conductivity types; The first current collector covers a portion of the first doped semiconductor layer; the first doped semiconductor layer has an overlapping portion extending over a portion of the second doped semiconductor layer; the second current collector covers a portion of the overlap portion and a portion of the second doped semiconductor layer.
15. 15. The solar cell according to claim 4, further comprising a second doped semiconductor layer and a first doped semiconductor layer disposed on the first surface, wherein the second annular conductor portion and the substrate have a stacked structure of the second doped semiconductor layer and the first doped semiconductor layer therebetween, and wherein the first doped semiconductor layer and the second doped semiconductor layer have opposite conductivity types.
16. 16. The solar cell according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the first doped semiconductor layer comprises a doped amorphous silicon layer and/or a doped microcrystalline silicon layer and the second doped semiconductor layer comprises a doped polycrystalline silicon layer.
17. 17. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein a width of the first isolation region in the first direction is greater than or equal to 40 microns and less than or equal to 80 microns.
18. 18. The solar cell of claim 3, wherein a width of the fourth isolation region in the second direction and a width of the fifth isolation region in the second direction are both greater than or equal to 80 microns and less than or equal to 200 microns; And/or a width of the fourth isolation region in the second direction is equal to a width of the fifth isolation region in the second direction; And/or, a ratio of a width of the fourth isolation region in the second direction and/or a width of the fifth isolation region in the second direction to a width of the first isolation region in the first direction is greater than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 3.
19. 19. The solar cell of claim 14, wherein a width of the overlapping portion along the first direction is greater than or equal to 60 microns and less than or equal to 140 microns.
20. 20. The solar cell of claim 15, wherein a width of the stacked structure in the second direction is greater than or equal to 100 microns and less than or equal to 500 microns.

Description

Solar cell, preparation method thereof and photovoltaic module The present application claims priority to China patent No. 202411026939.5, application name "a solar cell and its preparation method, cell module" filed on day 7 and 30 of 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a solar cell, a preparation method thereof and a photovoltaic module. Background A solar cell is a device that uses solar energy to directly convert light energy into electric energy through a photoelectric effect or a photochemical effect. The solar cell generally includes a semiconductor substrate and a metal gate line. In the prior art, the solar cell is provided with the N-type doping layer and the P-type doping layer, and the defect hidden danger of the part of the N-type doping layer and the P-type doping layer, which is close to the edge of the cell, is larger, and the leakage risk is higher. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a solar cell, a preparation method thereof and a photovoltaic module, which are used for reducing the leakage risk and reducing the potential safety hazard. In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a solar cell. The solar cell includes a substrate and a current collecting layer. The substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface which are opposite, and the current collecting layer is arranged on the first surface and comprises a plurality of first current collecting parts and a plurality of second current collecting parts. The first current collecting parts and the second current collecting parts are alternately arranged in sequence along the first direction at intervals and extend along the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are orthogonal. The first surface is provided with a first edge and a second edge which are oppositely arranged along a second direction, a second isolation area is arranged between the boundary of the first current collecting part adjacent to the first edge and the first edge, a third isolation area is arranged between the boundary of the second current collecting part adjacent to the first edge and the first edge, and the width of the second isolation area or the third isolation area in the second direction is larger than that of the first isolation area in the first direction. Compared with the prior art, in the solar cell provided by the invention, the second isolation region is arranged between the boundary of the first current collecting part adjacent to the first edge and the first edge, and the second isolation region separates the boundary of the first current collecting part adjacent to the first edge from the first edge, so that leakage is inhibited. Further, a third isolation region is arranged between the boundary of the second current collecting part adjacent to the first edge and the first edge, and the third isolation region separates the boundary of the second current collecting part adjacent to the first edge from the first edge so as to be beneficial to inhibiting electric leakage. Still further, since there are many defects at the edges of the battery cells, there are many compound centers, and thus the isolation between the collecting region and the edges of the battery cells needs to be relatively large, and the first isolation region is PN isolation, which is small enough to improve the surface utilization of the battery cells, so that the width of the second isolation region or the third isolation region in the second direction is particularly larger than that of the first isolation region in the first direction. In one implementation, the current collecting layer is a transparent conductive layer. Under the condition of adopting the technical scheme, the transparent conductive layer has higher conductivity, and can timely guide out collected carriers, so that the carrier recombination rate is reduced. Further, the transparent conductive layer can not only improve the current collecting ability of the solar cell, but also can serve as an antireflection film to improve the light absorptivity of the solar cell. The transparent conductive layer also has passivation performance. In addition, as is apparent from the foregoing description, the first current collecting portion and the second current collecting portion are provided in an insulated manner by the first isolation region, which physically insulates the first current collecting portion from the second current collecting portion. Specifically, since the first current collecting portion is ohmic-connected to the first electrode and the second current collecting portion is ohmic-connected to the second electrode, the transparent conductive layers of the two portions cannot be directly electrically connected, i.e., the transparent conductive layers of the two portions must be physi