CN-121985713-A - Patterned annealing method for trans-structure perovskite battery electrode

Abstract

The invention provides a patterning annealing method for a trans-structure perovskite battery electrode, which utilizes a patterning heat insulation sheet to apply high temperature required by annealing to a main grid line and a fine grid line, and simultaneously maintains a perovskite functional layer region at a lower temperature so as to avoid thermal damage. The invention realizes selective annealing by the physical mode of 'light transmission area plus heat insulation area', and is an electrode annealing solution which is efficient, uniform, low in cost and easy to integrate into a large-area production line. The invention allows the same or even longer annealing time as the traditional global annealing, ensures that the silver electrode is fully sintered, obtains the electrode with low resistance, high adhesive force and compactness, has good illumination uniformity of a large-area xenon lamp, can realize synchronous and uniform annealing of all grid lines of the whole battery piece by combining with the precisely positioned heat insulation sheet, fundamentally and strictly limits a high-temperature area in electrode lines, has extremely low temperature rise (controllable below 50 ℃) of a perovskite layer below, and perfectly solves the material thermal budget conflict.

Inventors

• LIU JIAN
• PENG YONG
• ZHANG NAN
• DIAO JIAXI
• TAO SHUAI

Assignees

• 武汉市扶光光伏有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20260126

Claims (10)

1. 1. A patterning annealing method for a trans-structure perovskite battery electrode is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Step 1) preparation of a battery precursor: sequentially completing the deposition of a transparent electrode, a hole transport layer, a perovskite active layer and an electron transport layer on a substrate, and printing or coating unsintered silver grid electrode slurry on the uppermost layer; Step 2) alignment and coverage: covering the patterned heat insulation sheet above the battery sheet to be annealed, so that the light-transmitting grid area of the heat insulation sheet is precisely overlapped with the silver grid line pattern on the battery sheet; Step 3) selective photo-thermal annealing: starting a heating light source, and directly irradiating light rays to the silver grid line below through the light-transmitting grid area to enable the temperature of the silver paste to rise to the required annealing temperature, wherein the annealing time is 10-15min; And 4) carrying out subsequent processes, namely carrying out subsequent packaging of the battery.
2. 2. A patterned annealing method for trans-structured perovskite battery electrodes according to claim 1, wherein the patterned thermal shield has a planar shape matching the battery to be annealed, the patterned thermal shield comprises a light-transmitting grid region and a thermal shield region, and the pattern of the light-transmitting grid region is completely consistent with and precisely aligned with the pattern of the silver grid line on the battery to be annealed.
3. 3. The patterned annealing method for trans-structured perovskite battery electrodes according to claim 2, wherein the transparent grid area is made of a high-temperature-resistant transparent material, and the high-temperature-resistant transparent material is quartz glass or high borosilicate glass.
4. 4. A patterned annealing method for trans-structured perovskite battery electrodes according to claim 2, characterized in that said heat-insulating region is made of glass with a highly reflective metal film coated on the back surface, said glass comprising quartz glass or high borosilicate glass.
5. 5. A patterned annealing method for trans-structured perovskite battery electrodes according to claim 2, characterized in that the thermally insulating region is a ceramic or mica sheet coated with a reflective coating.
6. 6. The patterned annealing method for trans-structure perovskite battery electrodes according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature control system, wherein the temperature control system comprises a controller and a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor and the heating light source are electrically connected with the controller.
7. 7. A patterned annealing method for trans-structured perovskite battery electrodes according to claim 4, wherein said thermally insulating region is further provided with a microporous structure or aerogel material.
8. 8. A patterned annealing method for trans-structured perovskite battery electrodes according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the heating light source is a long-arc xenon lamp, a halogen lamp or an infrared LED array.
9. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising an air cooling mechanism, wherein an air outlet of the air cooling mechanism faces a non-irradiated surface of the patterned heat insulating sheet, and the air cooling mechanism is in electrical signal connection with a controller.
10. 10. A patterned annealing method for trans-structured perovskite battery electrodes according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein step 3) the transmittance of the heating light source in the light-transmitting grid region is not less than 85% and the reflectance in the heat-insulating region is not less than 90%.

Description

Patterned annealing method for trans-structure perovskite battery electrode Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a patterning annealing method for a trans-structure perovskite cell electrode. Background A trans-structure (p-i-n structure) perovskite solar cell is a device structure of a perovskite solar cell in which the order of deposition of charge transport layers is reversed from that of a conventional (n-i-p) structure. The method has the advantages of simple preparation process, small hysteresis effect, good compatibility with the laminated battery and the like. The typical structure is substrate/transparent electrode/Hole Transport Layer (HTL)/perovskite light absorption layer/Electron Transport Layer (ETL)/metal top electrode. In the preparation process of the perovskite solar cell with the trans (p-i-n) structure, a silver grid line is often adopted as a top electrode so as to reduce cost and facilitate large-area preparation, and the silver grid line electrode is printed on the perovskite active layer and the hole transport layer by adopting a screen printing method. The silver grid line needs to be subjected to high-temperature annealing (the low-temperature silver paste annealing sintering temperature is above 300 ℃) to enable silver particles to be fused and connected to form a high-conductivity path so as to achieve good conductivity, adhesion and sintering densification. However, perovskite materials and the underlying organic functional layers have poor thermal stability, with temperatures typically below 150 ℃. If the traditional oven, hot plate and the like are adopted for global heating annealing, although the process requirements of silver grid line annealing can be met, the secondary high-temperature process can drive organic cations (such as methyl ammonium MA + and formamidine FA +) in perovskite to escape, and migration of iodide ions can be possibly caused, so that defects of perovskite lattice damage, lead iodide (PbI 2) generation and the like are caused, and the perovskite layer is decomposed and the organic functional layer is denatured, so that the battery performance is seriously deteriorated or even completely deteriorated. The glass transition temperature or decomposition temperature of the organic transport material below it is also relatively low. The annealing is carried out by adopting the following method in the prior art: 1. Global thermal annealing-the entire cell is heated using an oven or hot plate. The disadvantage is that thermal damage to the perovskite layer cannot be avoided, resulting in a serious decrease in battery efficiency. 2. And the pulsed light sintering is that strong pulsed light (such as a xenon lamp) is used for instantaneously irradiating silver paste, so that the high absorptivity of the silver paste is beneficial to rapid temperature rise, and the temperature rise of the substrate and the bottom layer material is limited due to the fact that the heat capacity is large and the absorption is weak. The method has the defects of extremely accurate control requirement on pulse energy and time, easiness in foaming and peeling of a silver paste layer caused by too fast temperature rise, heat possibly affecting a bottom layer through conduction, heat damage risk and expensive equipment. 3. And (3) laser direct writing sintering, namely scanning the silver grid line by using a laser beam to perform local sintering. The defects are low point-by-point scanning efficiency, inapplicability to large-area rapid production, high difficulty in controlling uniformity of laser power and scanning speed, and high initial investment and maintenance cost. Therefore, the prior art lacks an annealing process capable of effectively protecting the lower thermally sensitive perovskite layer and other functional layers from thermal damage while ensuring high-quality annealing of the upper metal electrode. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a patterning annealing method for trans-structure perovskite battery electrodes, which solves the technical problems in the prior art. Therefore, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a patterned annealing method for trans-structured perovskite battery electrodes, comprising the steps of: Step 1) preparation of a battery precursor: sequentially completing the deposition of a transparent electrode, a hole transport layer, a perovskite active layer and an electron transport layer on a substrate, and printing or coating unsintered silver grid electrode slurry on the uppermost layer; Step 2) alignment and coverage: covering the patterned heat insulation sheet above the battery sheet to be annealed, so that the light-transmitting grid area of the heat insulation sheet is precisely overlapped with the silver grid line pattern on the battery sheet; Step 3) selective photo-thermal annealing: starting a heating light source, and directly