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CN-121986620-A - Extremely severe saline soil improvement method based on bag-opening type substrate cultivation

CN121986620ACN 121986620 ACN121986620 ACN 121986620ACN-121986620-A

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of agricultural land secondary salinization soil improvement, and particularly discloses a method for improving extremely severe salinization soil based on bag-opening type matrix cultivation. The method comprises the following steps of S1, selecting rotation plants, S2, constructing cultivation matrixes, namely constructing cultivation beds on a land to be improved by adopting a bag-opening matrix cultivation method, and then filling the matrixes, S3, arranging irrigation, namely, mounting double-row drip irrigation belts on the surface of the flattened matrixes to irrigate plants planted on the land to be improved, S4, planting and managing the crops, and S5, returning the matrixes to the field. The soil improvement technology can be used for rapidly improving and sustainably utilizing the extremely severe salinized soil in facility agriculture in the surrounding sea area and the like, and has the advantages of physical barrier, biological desalination and nutrient cooperative regulation.

Inventors

  • WEI DAN
  • WANG LEI
  • JIN LIANG
  • DING JIANLI
  • PANG MIN
  • ZHANG QING

Assignees

  • 北京市农林科学院

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260309

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The method for improving the extremely severe saline soil based on open-bag type substrate cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, selecting crop rotation plants, namely selecting deep root crops and shallow root crops for crop rotation or selecting vegetables and grain crops for crop rotation on a land block to be improved; S2, constructing a cultivation matrix, namely constructing cultivation beds on the land to be improved by adopting a bag-opening matrix cultivation method, and then filling the cultivation beds into the matrix; s3, arranging irrigation, namely mounting double-row drip tapes on the surface of the flattened substrate, and irrigating plants planted in the land to be improved; S4, crop field planting and management, namely planting crop seedlings in the middle of the cultivation furrow obtained in the S2, and hanging vines in a spacing plant V-shaped mode; S5, returning the substrate to the field, and returning the cultivation substrate to the field after 2-4 years of use.
  2. 2. The method for improving the extremely severe saline soil based on bag-opening type substrate cultivation according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the step S2, grooves are firstly dug at intervals of 1.4-1.6 m, the depth of each groove is 20-25 cm, the bottom width is 23-27 cm, the upper opening width is 28-32 cm, then black and white films for two pieces of substrate wrapping are paved in the grooves in a mode of facing upwards in a black mode, an interval with the width of 8-12 cm is reserved between the two films, and non-woven fabrics are paved at the bottoms of the grooves by taking the interval as the center.
  3. 3. The method for improving the extremely severe saline soil based on open-bag matrix cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, materials are prepared, wherein the materials comprise black and white films, the width of the black and white films is 43-47 cm, the length of the black and white films is 34-38 m, the black ground cloth for covering a passageway is prepared according to 2 pieces/furrow, the width of the black ground cloth for covering the passageway is 1.1-1.3 m, the length of the black ground cloth for covering the passageway is 34-38 m, the non-woven fabrics with the mass of 38-42 g/m & lt 2 & gt in unit area are prepared according to 1 piece/furrow, the width of the non-woven fabrics for fixing film seams is 28-32 cm, the length of the non-woven fabrics is 34-38 m, the grafting clips for fixing the film seams are prepared according to 1/1 seedling, and the matrix is used for 40-50 cubic meters per greenhouse.
  4. 4. The method for improving the extremely severe saline soil based on open-bag type substrate cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the substrate is formed by mixing turf, fungus dreg, vermiculite and perlite according to the mass ratio of (36-40): (49-53): (7-9): (2-4).
  5. 5. The method for improving extremely severe saline soil based on open-bag matrix cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, a soil conditioner is further added, the soil conditioner is a mixture of bacillus subtilis, bacillus methylotrophicus and minerals, wherein the minerals are mineral materials rich in calcium and silicon.
  6. 6. The method for improving the extremely severe saline soil based on open-bag matrix cultivation, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that in the step S2, an organic fertilizer, corn stalks and a chemical fertilizer are added, wherein the dosage ratio of the chemical fertilizer, the organic fertilizer and the corn stalks is (45-55): (23-27) in terms of nitrogen element.
  7. 7. The method for improving the extremely severe saline soil based on open-bag matrix cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the method further comprises the step of detecting the subsequent improvement effect, wherein 3-5 monitoring points are distributed in a facility area according to grids, and the soil salinity or the soil conductivity of the soil layer with the depth of 0-20cm is monitored once in a quarter after improvement.
  8. 8. The method for improving the extremely severe saline soil based on open-bag matrix cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the planting of the crop seedlings is specifically performed by performing water penetration treatment on the matrix by using a double-row drip irrigation belt before planting, and the planting plant distance is controlled to be 18-22 cm.
  9. 9. The method for improving extremely severe saline soil based on open-bag matrix cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, after the field crops survive, the black and white films laid flat in step S2 are folded from the upper part, and the middle joint of the two films is clamped by using a grafting clamp.
  10. 10. The method for improving the extremely severe saline soil based on open-bag matrix cultivation according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the returning treatment is specifically carried out by mixing the used matrix with soil to a mixing depth of 20-25 cm and applying a decomposed microbial inoculum at the same time.

Description

Extremely severe saline soil improvement method based on bag-opening type substrate cultivation Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of agricultural land secondary salinization soil improvement, in particular to a method for improving extremely severe salinization soil based on bag-opening type matrix cultivation. Background The agricultural land secondary salinization soil improvement technology is specifically applied to the field of water-saving irrigation, water drainage, salt drainage and other measures are adopted in hydraulic engineering to regulate regional water salt migration, and has the advantages of being capable of rapidly and remarkably reducing soil salinity of a plough layer, breaking hardening and enhancing nutrient supply capacity, achieving efficient recovery of land productivity and synchronous improvement of crop yield quality, and remarkably enhancing stress-resistance buffering capacity and long-term carbon fixation potential of soil by constructing benign soil water salt circulation and an ecological system, wherein benefits are remarkably represented by cost controllability of combination of disposable engineering and long-term agricultural management, environmental friendliness of chemical input is reduced, biodiversity is restored, ecological balance sustainability is promoted, and therefore grain safety, agricultural toughness and ecological safety of a salinized region are guaranteed. Related agricultural land secondary salinization soil improvement technology carries out salt pressing or open ditch excavation drainage through hydraulic engineering implementation large water flood irrigation, but the method often uses large water quantity and easily causes lateral migration or re-ascending of salinity, and is difficult to continuously control salinity in root areas, so that the improvement effect is not durable, the salt returning rate is high, and normal growth of crops is difficult to ensure under extremely severe salinization conditions. Disclosure of Invention The application provides a method for improving the extremely-heavy salinized soil based on open-bag matrix cultivation, which aims to solve the problems that the improvement effect is not durable, the salt returning rate is high and the normal growth of crops is difficult to ensure under the extremely-heavy salinization condition because the related technology for improving the agricultural land secondary salinized soil is used for carrying out salt pressing or open trench drainage through hydraulic engineering implementation of large water flood irrigation. The application provides a method for improving extremely severe saline soil based on open-bag type matrix cultivation, which adopts the following technical scheme: the method for improving the extremely severe saline soil based on open-bag type substrate cultivation comprises the following steps: S1, selecting crop rotation plants, namely selecting deep root crops and shallow root crops for crop rotation or selecting vegetables and grain crops for crop rotation on a land block to be improved; S2, constructing a cultivation matrix, namely constructing cultivation beds on the land to be improved by adopting a bag-opening matrix cultivation method, and then filling the cultivation beds into the matrix; s3, arranging irrigation, namely mounting double-row drip tapes on the surface of the flattened substrate, and irrigating plants planted in the land to be improved; S4, crop field planting and management, namely planting crop seedlings in the middle of the cultivation furrow obtained in the S2, and hanging vines in a spacing plant V-shaped mode; S5, returning the substrate to the field, and returning the cultivation substrate to the field after 2-4 years of use. By adopting the technical scheme, the continuity of soil salinity accumulation is broken through by adopting a rotation system, nutrients and moisture of different root layers are utilized by deep-root and shallow-root crops or vegetables and grain crops in rotation, the concentration of salt surface layers is reduced, an isolated growth environment is constructed by bag-opening type matrix cultivation, the condition that extremely severe salinized soil directly damages crop root systems is avoided, double-row drip irrigation belts are arranged to realize precise irrigation, water quantity is controlled to reduce the upward movement of salt caused by evaporation, the ventilation and light transmission of plants are optimized by adopting isolated plant V-shaped hanging vines during field planting, the photosynthetic efficiency is enhanced, organic matters are returned to the soil after the matrix is used for a period, and the bottom layer structure is gradually improved, so that the effects of effectively reducing the soil salinity content, improving the crop yield and quality and realizing sustainable utilization are obtained. In the step S2, the bag-opening type substrate cultivatio