CN-121986632-A - Low-altitude high-efficiency seedling throwing device based on large-load plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle

CN121986632ACN 121986632 ACN121986632 ACN 121986632ACN-121986632-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-altitude high-efficiency seedling throwing device based on a large-load plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle, which takes scattered stacked rice pot seedlings and cut blanket seedlings as operation objects and comprises a large-load low-altitude flight platform and a high-efficiency seedling throwing operation platform, wherein the high-efficiency seedling throwing device comprises a quick-dismantling frame, a seedling storage unit, a cascading seedling conveying mechanism, a duplex seedling combing mechanism, an oblique angle belt type seedling throwing mechanism, a single-side seedling combing mechanism and the like. During operation, the cascade seedling conveying mechanism quantitatively conveys the seedlings scattered and stacked on the seedling conveying mechanism to the duplex seedling combing mechanism, then the seedlings are uniformly thrown into the air from two sides through the bevel belt type seedling throwing mechanism, and the seedlings finish turning and the bowl body fall into the field downwards under the action of gravity and downward gas washing flow, so that high-efficiency seedling throwing is realized. The invention has ingenious conception and compact structure, can realize low-altitude and high-efficiency uniform seedling throwing operation on conventional high-standard farmland fields, deep mud foot fields in water network and lake areas and small-area fields in hilly and mountain areas, and solves the problems of insufficient trafficability and low efficiency of ground seedling throwing machines.

Inventors

HUANG XIAOMAO
HUANG HUOLONG
SHI YIZE
Yin Conglong
ZHANG YUQIN
LI WENCHENG
WANG SHUANGSHUANG
CHEN JIANG
REN JUNWEI

Assignees

华中农业大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260301

Claims (9)

1. A low-altitude high-efficiency seedling throwing device based on a large-load plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized by comprising a large-load low-altitude flight platform (1) and a high-efficiency seedling throwing operation platform, wherein the high-efficiency seedling throwing operation platform comprises a quick-release frame (2), a seedling storage unit (3), a cascading seedling conveying mechanism (4), a duplex seedling combing mechanism (5), an oblique angle belt type seedling throwing mechanism (6) and a single-side seedling combing mechanism (7), the two cascading seedling conveying mechanisms (4) are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the quick-release frame (2), each cascading seedling conveying mechanism (4) is correspondingly provided with one seedling storage unit (3), the cascading seedling conveying mechanism (4) is arranged inside the quick-release frame (2) and is used for conveying seedlings stacked in a pot body or precut carpet shape in the seedling storage unit (3) to the duplex seedling combing mechanism (5), the duplex seedling combing mechanism (5) is arranged below an outlet end of the cascading seedling conveying mechanism (4) and is used for uniformly discharging seedlings which fall down, and the cascading seedling conveying mechanism (4) is further arranged at the oblique angle belt type seedling throwing mechanism (6) is arranged on the front side of the quick-release frame (2) and is continuously used for throwing seedlings which are continuously and is arranged on the bottom of the quick-release frame (2).
2. The low-altitude high-efficiency seedling throwing device based on the large-load plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized in that two groups of cascaded seedling conveying mechanisms (4) are symmetrically arranged left and right along the central axis of a quick-release frame (2), a plurality of cascaded seedling conveying mechanisms (4) in the same group are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are parallel to each other, each cascaded seedling conveying mechanism (4) is obliquely arranged, the seedling emergence ends are higher than Chu Miaoduan, the seedling emergence ends of each cascaded seedling conveying mechanism are positioned on the same side, and the cascaded seedling conveying mechanisms (4) in each group are sequentially and intermittently started from bottom to top, so that the quantity of seedlings entering the duplex seedling combing mechanism (5) is stable and continuous.
3. The low-altitude high-efficiency seedling throwing device based on the large-load plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized in that two groups of cascaded seedling conveying mechanisms (4) are symmetrically arranged left and right along the central axis of a quick-release frame (2), a plurality of cascaded seedling conveying mechanisms (4) in the same group are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, each cascaded seedling conveying mechanism (4) is obliquely arranged, and the oblique directions of two adjacent cascaded seedling conveying mechanisms (4) are different; The seedling emergence ends of each cascade seedling conveying mechanism (4) are higher than Chu Miaoduan, the seedling emergence ends of two adjacent cascade seedling conveying mechanisms are located on different sides, except for the lowest cascade seedling conveying mechanism (4), each cascade seedling conveying mechanism (4) is provided with a single-side seedling combing mechanism (7) below the seedling emergence end, a plurality of cascade seedling conveying mechanisms (4) in each group are intermittently started from bottom to top in sequence, and seedlings falling from the seedling emergence ends of the upper cascade seedling conveying mechanisms (4) fall into the lower cascade seedling conveying mechanisms (4) to be continuously conveyed after being scattered by the single-side seedling combing mechanism (7), so that the quantity of the seedlings entering the double-linkage seedling combing mechanism (5) is stable and continuous.
4. The low-altitude high-efficiency seedling throwing device based on the large-load plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized in that the quick-release frame (2) comprises an arch support (2-1), lateral supports (2-2), a top cover plate (2-3), an opening and closing plate I (2-4), opening and closing plates II (2-5) and supporting carbon tubes (2-6), two groups of lateral supports (2-2) are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the arch support, the two groups of opening and closing plates I (2-4) and the two groups of opening and closing plates II (2-5) are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the arch support (2-1) through hinges, the opening and closing plates I are hinged with the opening and closing plates II through hinges, the top cover plate (2-3) is fixed right above the arch support, and the plurality of supporting carbon tubes (2-6) are connected with the front side support and the rear side supports (2-2) through fixing seats; the arch support consists of bearing profiles (2-1-1), right-angle profiles (2-1-2), profile connecting pieces (2-1-3) and load hooks (2-1-4), a plurality of the bearing profiles (2-1-1) are respectively embedded and connected with each other through the profile connecting pieces (2-1-3), a plurality of the right-angle profiles (2-1-2) are arranged at the bottom of the bearing profiles (2-1-1), the load hook (2-1-4) is arranged in the middle of the arched bracket (2-1) to play a role in quick disassembly and mounting, the lateral bracket (2-2) consists of a special-shaped carbon plate (2-2-1), an auxiliary profile (2-2-2), a baffle I (2-2-3), a baffle II (2-2-4) and a baffle III (2-2-5), a plurality of auxiliary profiles (2-2-2) are respectively arranged on the left side, the right side, the middle and the bottom of the special-shaped carbon plate (2-2-1), and a plurality of baffles I (2-2-3), a plurality of baffles II (2-2-4) and a plurality of baffles III (2-2-5) are sequentially arranged on the special-shaped carbon plate (2-2-1).
5. The low-altitude high-efficiency seedling throwing device based on the large-load plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized in that the cascading seedling conveying mechanism (4) comprises a supporting carbon plate I (4-1), a supporting carbon plate II (4-2), a baffle conveying belt (4-3), a driving shaft I (4-4), a driven shaft I (4-5), a bearing seat (4-6), a locking component (4-7) and a limiting ring (4-8), one end of the driving shaft I (4-4) is bolted to the front end of the supporting carbon plate I (4-1), the other end penetrates through the supporting carbon plate II (4-2) and is matched with the bearing seat (4-6), two ends of the driven shaft I (4-5) penetrate through the supporting carbon plate I (4-1) and the supporting carbon plate II (4-2) and are matched with the bearing seat (4-6), a plurality of limiting rings (4-8) are arranged at two ends of the driving shaft I (4-4) and the driven shaft I (4-5) so as to axially limit the conveying belt (4-5) and the driven shaft I (4-5) to be embedded on the driving shaft I (4-5), the anti-loosening device is used for conveying seedlings at a preset speed, a plurality of groups of anti-loosening members (4-7) are respectively arranged on one side of end bearing seats (4-6) of a supporting carbon plate I (4-1) and a supporting carbon plate II (4-2) and used for tensioning a baffle conveying belt, the driving shaft I (4-4) is composed of a roller I (4-4-1), a roller II (4-4-2), a flange shaft (4-4-3) and a joint motor (4-4-4), one end of the flange shaft (4-4-3) is fixed on the joint motor (4-4), the roller I (4-4-1) is arranged in the middle of the flange shaft (4-4-3), 2 rollers II (4-4-2) are respectively arranged on two sides of the roller I (4-4-1), the driven shaft I (4-5) is composed of the roller I (4-4-1), the roller II (4-2) and the shaft I (4-5-1), and the roller I (4-1) is arranged on two sides of the roller I (4-4-1) respectively.
6. The low-altitude high-efficiency seedling throwing device based on the large-load plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized in that the duplex seedling combing mechanism (5) comprises a seedling dividing bracket (5-1), a direct current motor (5-2), a straight shaft II (5-3), a tooth-type roller I (5-4), a bearing (5-5), a limiting ring (4-8) and a seedling limiting arc plate I (5-6), the direct current motor (5-2) is arranged on one side of the seedling dividing bracket (5-1) and used for driving the straight shaft II (5-3) to rotate, a main shaft on the direct current motor (5-2) is connected with one end of the straight shaft II (5-3), the other end of the straight shaft II (5-3) is matched with the bearing (5-5), the limiting ring (4-8) is arranged at the tail end of the straight shaft II (5-3) to conduct axial limiting, a plurality of tooth-type rollers I (5-4) are arranged on the straight shaft II (5-3) side by side, when the straight shaft II (5-3) rotates, seedlings can be discharged and can be conveyed to the two sides of the seedling limiting arc plates to the left side and the seedling limiting plates and the two sides of the seedling limiting plates are arranged on the two sides of the straight shaft II (5-3) to be used for limiting seedlings to overflow through the seedling hanging bracket.
7. The low-altitude high-efficiency seedling throwing device based on the large-load plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized in that the oblique angle belt type seedling throwing mechanism (6) comprises a driving shaft II (6-1), a driven shaft II (6-2), a driven shaft III (6-3), a supporting seat I (6-4), a supporting carbon plate III (6-5), a lateral wall plate (6-6), an oblique angle seedling throwing belt (6-7) and a power unit (6-8), the supporting seat I (6-4) is arranged in the middle of the supporting carbon plate III (6-5), one end of the driving shaft II (6-1) is embedded and arranged on the supporting seat I (6-4), the other end of the driving shaft II (6-2) is fixed in the middle of the lateral wall plate (6-6) through a bearing seat (4-6), one end of the driven shaft II (6-2) is embedded and arranged on the supporting seat I (6-4), the other end of the driven shaft III (6-3) is embedded and arranged on the outer side of the lateral wall plate (6-6), two ends of the driven shaft III (6-6) are both matched with the initial oblique angle belt (6-6) and the initial end (6-6) is restrained by the driving shaft II (6-6), the two driven shafts II (6-2) are positioned inside the bevel conveying belt (6-7) and are spaced from each other, the bevel conveying belt (6-7) penetrates through the lateral wall plate (6-6) after being bent inwards along the upper driven shaft II (6-2) and the lower driven shaft II (6-2) and the tail ends of the bevel conveying belt are attached to the driven shaft III (6-3), the bevel conveying belt (6-7) can be integrally tensioned by adjusting the position of the driven shaft III (6-3), the power unit (6-8) is arranged at the bottom of the lateral wall plate (6-6) and realizes power transmission through belt transmission, the driving shaft II (6-1) consists of a roller III (6-1-1), a roller IV (6-1-2) and a straight shaft III (6-1-3), the roller IV (6-1-2) is arranged in the middle of the straight shaft III (6-1-3), the two rollers IV (6-1-2) are arranged at two sides of the roller III (6-1-1), the lateral wall plate (6-6) is formed by a supporting carbon plate IV (6-1), the supporting seat (6-6-4) and a supporting seat (6-4) and a supporting member (6-5) are formed by the supporting seat (6-6-3), the supporting seat II (6-6-2) and the anti-offset component (6-6-5) are arranged on the inner side of the supporting carbon plate IV (6-6-1), the supporting seat III (6-6-3) and the supporting seat IV (6-6-4) are arranged on the outer side of the supporting carbon plate IV (6-6-1), and the front end of the anti-offset component (6-6-5) is propped against one side of the bevel conveying belt (6-7) to prevent the bevel conveying belt from being laterally offset.
8. The low-altitude high-efficiency seedling throwing device based on the large-load plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized in that the power unit (6-8) comprises a joint motor (4-4-4), a flange driving shaft (6-8-1), a synchronous pulley (6-8-2) and a synchronous belt (6-8-3), the joint motor (4-4-4) is bolted on a supporting carbon plate IV (6-6-1), one end of the flange driving shaft (6-8-1) is fixed on the joint motor (4-4), the synchronous pulley (6-8-2) is embedded at the other end of the flange driving shaft (6-8-1) and meshed with the synchronous belt (6-8-3) to form belt transmission to transmit power.
9. The low-altitude high-efficiency seedling throwing device based on the large-load plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized in that the single-side seedling combing mechanism (7) comprises a seedling limiting arc plate II (7-1), a direct current motor (5-2), a straight shaft III (7-2), a tooth-shaped roller II (7-3) and a bearing seat (4-6), the direct current motor (5-2) is arranged on a hanging lug extending out of the special-shaped carbon plate (2-2-1), a main shaft of the direct current motor is connected with one end of the straight shaft III (7-2), the other end of the straight shaft III (7-2) is matched with the bearing seat (4-6), a plurality of tooth-shaped rollers II (7-3) are arranged on the straight shaft III (7-2) side by side, stacked seedlings are combed and delivered during rotation, and the limiting arc plate II (7-1) is bolted to the outer side of the tooth-shaped rollers II (7-3) for limiting excessive seedlings.

Description

Low-altitude high-efficiency seedling throwing device based on large-load plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural low-altitude, in particular to a low-altitude high-efficiency seedling throwing device based on a large-load plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle. Background At present, the operating efficiency of a rice transplanter and a rice seedling throwing machine based on the ground power chassis and the running characteristics of a mud field environment is close to the upper limit, the transition process is complex in application scenes such as small-area field blocks in the hilly and mountain areas and deep mud foot field blocks in the water network lake areas, and the like, the phenomena of vehicle sinking and vehicle turning are frequent, and great challenges still exist in the aspect of continuously improving the efficiency and the adaptability. Therefore, a low-altitude seedling throwing technical solution based on a large-load unmanned aerial vehicle flight platform is explored and realized, so that low-altitude and high-efficiency uniform seedling throwing operation on conventional high-standard farmland fields, deep mud foot fields in water network and lake areas and scattered small fields in hilly and mountain areas is realized, and the problem that application pain points with insufficient trafficability and low efficiency of ground seedling throwing/transplanting machines are needed to be solved by technicians in the field is solved. Some patents have been searched for to solve the above problems. As disclosed in chinese patent CN119256715B, a seedling throwing mechanism and a seedling throwing system are disclosed, in which the mechanism conveys the carpet seedlings by a seedling conveying module, and then the seedling taking module throws the seedlings out after separating the carpet seedlings, and an unmanned aerial vehicle is used for carrying the seedling throwing mechanism to realize the flying seedling throwing operation of the carpet seedlings. Similarly, chinese patent CN120092564a discloses a low-altitude seedling throwing system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle, the seedling throwing system is loaded with a large-wheelbase multi-rotor flying platform, a frame, a seedling carrying module and a seedling taking module, and the seedling taking module is driven by a driving motor to take seedlings in forward and reverse directions without interference compression, so that low-altitude flying seedling throwing is performed based on the unmanned aerial vehicle. Overall, the existing seedling throwing unmanned aerial vehicle technology has complicated working processes in two aspects of seedling taking and seedling throwing, the seedling throwing efficiency is low, the operation requirement of unmanned aerial vehicle flying at high speed is difficult to match, and the problems of redundancy of the overall structure, light weight and the like exist. At present, a low-altitude high-efficiency uniform seedling throwing device capable of being matched with unmanned aerial vehicle high-speed high-efficiency flight and high-light weight requirement characteristics is needed. Disclosure of Invention The invention mainly aims to provide a low-altitude high-efficiency seedling throwing device based on a large-load plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle so as to solve the technical problems. The device is provided with seedling feeding, seedling dividing and seedling throwing mechanisms, and can realize low-altitude high-efficiency uniform seedling throwing operation based on power provided by a high-load low-altitude flight platform. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: The low-altitude high-efficiency seedling throwing device based on the large-load plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a large-load low-altitude flying platform and a high-efficiency seedling throwing operation platform, wherein the high-efficiency seedling throwing operation platform comprises a quick-dismantling frame, a seedling storage unit, a cascading seedling conveying mechanism, a duplex seedling combing mechanism, an oblique angle belt type seedling throwing mechanism and a single-side seedling combing mechanism, the two groups of cascading seedling conveying mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the quick-dismantling frame, each cascading seedling conveying mechanism is correspondingly provided with one seedling storage unit, the cascading seedling conveying mechanism is arranged inside the quick-dismantling frame and used for conveying pot seedlings stacked in the seedling storage unit in a scattered manner or blanket seedlings of a precut block to the duplex seedling combing mechanism at a uniform speed, the duplex seedling combing mechanism is arranged below an outlet end of the cascading seedling conveying mechanism and used