CN-121986641-A - Determination method for surplus amount of allowable phosphate fertilizer application of regional potatoes

CN121986641ACN 121986641 ACN121986641 ACN 121986641ACN-121986641-A

Abstract

The invention provides a determination method of surplus amount of allowable phosphate fertilizer application for regional potatoes, which relates to the technical field of determination methods of surplus amount of allowable phosphate fertilizer application, and comprises the steps of calculating soil environment parameters of the whole region based on a spatial distribution diagram, constructing a phosphorus demand segmentation estimation model to evaluate the phosphate fertilizer demand of the potatoes, calculating the total effective phosphorus amount of the soil by adopting a soil phosphorus double-factor correction method, calculating the surplus amount of the phosphate fertilizer of the region, calculating the surplus amount of allowable phosphate fertilizer application, further optimizing the allowable phosphate fertilizer amount by adopting a phosphate fertilizer accumulation surplus limit feedback method, accurately capturing the slight difference of the pH value, the humidity and the phosphorus content of the soil in space through regular grid distribution points and spatial interpolation, introducing accumulated growth days to dynamically divide the growth period, and realizing dynamic feedback of fertilizer demand evaluation.

Inventors

LIU XIAOYU
ZHANG YANLI
Du Erxiao
GAO HONGYAN
YU HAIFENG
XING PENGFEI
LI BAOCHENG
ZHAO PEIYI
REN YONGFENG
ZHANG PENG
DU JING
HAN YUNFEI
GAO YU
LIU XINYU
WANG HAIXIA

Assignees

内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260325

Claims (9)

1. A method for determining the surplus of a regional potato that allows for phosphate fertilizer application, comprising the steps of: S1, dividing an area into a plurality of regular grids, setting sampling points in each grid, and respectively collecting soil environment parameters of each sampling point, wherein the soil environment parameters comprise soil humidity, soil pH value and residual concentration of phosphorus elements; s2, based on the soil environment parameters of each sampling point, generating a spatial distribution map of the soil environment parameters of the whole area by adopting a spatial interpolation method, and evaluating the soil environment parameters of each point in the spatial distribution map to obtain the reference soil environment parameters of the area; S3, acquiring accumulated growth days of potatoes in the area until the current day, determining the growth period of the potatoes through the accumulated growth days, and constructing a phosphorus demand segmentation estimation model for different growth periods of the potatoes to evaluate the phosphorus fertilizer demand of the potatoes in the current growth period; S4, correcting the residual concentration of phosphorus element by taking the soil humidity and the soil pH value as double factors to obtain the total amount of effective phosphorus in the soil, and calculating the surplus of the phosphate fertilizer in the area according to the total amount of the effective phosphorus in the soil and the phosphate fertilizer demand in the potato growth stage, wherein the surplus of the phosphate fertilizer represents the difference value of the available phosphate fertilizer in the current soil relative to the demand of the potato; And S5, calculating the surplus of the phosphorus fertilizer allowed to be applied based on the surplus of the phosphorus fertilizer in the region and combining the nutrient absorption efficiency of the soil, and optimizing the amount of the phosphorus fertilizer allowed to be applied by adopting a phosphorus fertilizer accumulation surplus limit feedback method to obtain the final surplus of the phosphorus fertilizer allowed to be applied.
2. The method for determining the surplus of a regional potato permissible phosphate fertilizer application according to claim 1, wherein the step of generating a spatial distribution map of soil environmental parameters of the region comprises the steps of: For any non-sampled position in the area as a point to be predicted, constructing a neighborhood of the point to be predicted by taking the position of the point to be predicted as a circle center and taking a set space distance threshold as a radius; acquiring soil environment parameters of sampling points in the neighborhood, calculating the distance between the to-be-predicted point and each sampling point of the neighborhood, calculating the ratio of the inverse square of the distance between each sampling point and the to-be-predicted point in the neighborhood to the sum of the inverse squares of the distances between all sampling points and the to-be-predicted point in the neighborhood, and determining the ratio as a weight coefficient of the sampling point relative to the to-be-predicted point; multiplying soil environment parameters of each category of all sampling points in the neighborhood by corresponding weight coefficients, and accumulating to obtain soil humidity, soil pH value and phosphorus element residual concentration of the points to be predicted; And (5) calculating all unknown positions in the region one by one, and finally generating a spatial distribution map of soil environment parameters of the region.
3. The method of determining the surplus of a regional potato that allows for phosphate fertilizer application according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining the soil environmental parameters of the reference of the region is: For each type of soil environment parameters of soil humidity, soil pH value and residual concentration of phosphorus element, adopting a K-means clustering algorithm to cluster the spatial distribution map in the whole area according to the type of the soil environment parameters, and dividing the spatial distribution map into different types; Converting the clustering result into vector image spots, counting the actual geographic area occupied by each category, and respectively calculating the average value of the parameters in each category as the representative parameters of the category; Taking the actual geographic area of each category as a weight, and carrying out weighted average on the representative parameters of each category to obtain a reference value of the soil environment parameter of each type; And counting the soil environment parameters of which the reference values are taken as references of the areas.
4. The method for determining the surplus of the regional potatoes for allowing phosphate fertilizer to be applied according to claim 1, wherein the accumulated growth days of the potatoes up to the present day are calculated according to the temperature in the region, and the method comprises the following specific steps of: obtaining the daily maximum temperature and the daily minimum temperature of the potato from the planting period of the potato to the current day, dividing the sum of the daily maximum temperature and the daily minimum temperature by 2, calculating the daily average temperature of the potato, and subtracting the reference temperature for starting the potato growth from the daily average temperature to obtain the daily growth degree day of the potato; accumulating the daily growth days to obtain accumulated growth days up to the current day, and determining the current growth period of the potatoes according to a preset accumulated growth day threshold interval, wherein the current growth period is specifically as follows: The potato is judged to be in a seedling stage when the cumulative growth day is not greater than a preset first cumulative growth day, in a tuber forming stage when the cumulative growth day is greater than the preset first cumulative growth day and not greater than a preset second cumulative growth day, and in a tuber expanding stage when the cumulative growth day is greater than the preset second cumulative growth day.
5. The method for determining the surplus of allowed phosphate fertilizer application for regional potatoes according to claim 4, wherein the phosphate fertilizer requirement of the current growth stage of the potatoes is evaluated by the following steps: Aiming at different growth periods of potatoes, and combining the growth degree days of the potatoes on the same day, constructing a phosphorus demand segmentation estimation model to evaluate the phosphorus fertilizer demand of the potatoes, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: Wherein, the Indicating the remaining unmet phosphorus demand for the current period of potatoes; Representing the actual illumination time of the potato on the same day; A light saturation period representing the tuber formation period of the potato; The growth cycle number index number of the potatoes is shown, Indicating that the potato is in the seedling stage; Indicating that the potato is in the tuber forming stage; indicating that the potatoes are in the tuber expansion period; The day of growth of the potato is shown; indicating the number of days the potato has spent in the current growth cycle, indicating the theoretical total length day of the potato seedling stage, indicating the theoretical total length day of the potato tuber formation stage; representing the theoretical total growth day of the potato tuber during the expansion period; representing the theoretical total phosphorus demand of the seedling stage of the potatoes; represents the theoretical total phosphorus demand during potato tuber formation; representing the theoretical total phosphorus demand of potato tuber in the swelling period; Represents the theoretical total number of days in the potato seedling stage; Representing the theoretical total number of days in the potato tuber expansion period; The sum of the amounts of phosphorus actually applied from day 1 to day in the current cycle is represented.
6. The method for determining the surplus of the regional potatoes for allowing the application of phosphate fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein the effective total phosphorus amount of the soil of the region is calculated by the following steps: Taking the soil humidity and the soil pH value as double factors, and calculating the total effective phosphorus content of the soil by adopting a soil phosphorus double factor correction method: Wherein, the Indicating the total amount of available phosphorus in the soil on the current day of the area; indicating the pH value of the soil on the current day in the area; representing the humidity of the soil on the current day in the area; representing the residual concentration of phosphorus element of the soil on the current day within the area; represents the dry weight of soil per unit volume; representing root depth of the potatoes; representing the area of the region.
7. The method for determining the surplus of the regional potatoes for allowing the phosphate fertilizer to be applied according to claim 6, wherein the surplus of the phosphate fertilizer in the region is calculated by the following steps: Calculating the phosphate surplus of the area according to the total amount of available phosphorus in the soil and the phosphate fertilizer demand of the potato growth stage, wherein the phosphate surplus represents the difference value of the available phosphate fertilizer in the current soil relative to the demand of the potato, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: Wherein, the Wherein, the Representing the phosphate surplus of the region; Potato of the representation area Theoretical days in which phosphorus demand peaks during each growth cycle; indicating that the potato is in the growth cycle Demand weight parameters for the day.
8. The method for determining the surplus of allowed phosphate fertilizer application for regional potatoes according to claim 7, wherein the surplus of allowed phosphate fertilizer application is calculated, specifically: Based on the phosphate surplus, the allowable phosphate surplus is calculated by combining the nutrient absorption efficiency of the soil: Wherein, the Represents the nutrient absorption efficiency of the soil; Representing a soil maximum absorption efficiency rating; Representing the maximum allowable single-day phosphate fertilizer application amount; Indicating the surplus of phosphate fertilizer allowed to be applied; Representation of A coefficient of sensitivity; Representing the humidity sensitivity coefficient.
9. The method for determining the surplus of allowed phosphate fertilizer application for regional potatoes according to claim 8, wherein the amount of allowed phosphate fertilizer application is optimized, in particular: The residual amount of the phosphate fertilizer of the soil on the same day is updated according to the following formula: Wherein, the Representing the residual amount of phosphate fertilizer of the updated soil; representing the residual amount of phosphate fertilizer in the soil before fertilization; Accumulating the phosphorus fertilizer surplus of the area of the history up to the current day, calculating the accumulated value of the phosphorus fertilizer surplus, comparing the accumulated value of the phosphorus fertilizer surplus with the preset upper limit of the total phosphorus surplus of the area, setting the phosphorus fertilizer surplus allowed to be applied on the current day as 0 if the accumulated value of the phosphorus fertilizer surplus is not less than the upper limit of the total phosphorus surplus, and recalculating the phosphorus fertilizer surplus of the area when the accumulated value of the phosphorus fertilizer surplus is less than the upper limit of the total phosphorus surplus, thereby further updating the phosphorus fertilizer surplus allowed to be applied on the potatoes.

Description

Determination method for surplus amount of allowable phosphate fertilizer application of regional potatoes Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of determination methods for surplus amount of phosphorus fertilizer application, in particular to a determination method for surplus amount of phosphorus fertilizer application allowed by regional potatoes. Background In the regional potato planting process, reasonable application of phosphate fertilizer is a key link for guaranteeing yield and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution. The traditional phosphate fertilizer application amount determining method is generally recommended based on a simple average value of soil test results and an empirical fertilization formula, and is simple and convenient to operate, but ignores the spatial heterogeneity of soil parameters, the average value of random sampling is difficult to represent real conditions of areas, so that partial areas are insufficient in fertilization and partial areas are excessive, the traditional method generally adopts fixed fertilization amount in a growth period and cannot be adjusted in real time according to weather conditions in the current year, the obvious influences of soil environmental factors such as pH and humidity on phosphorus availability and crop absorption efficiency are not fully considered, larger deviation exists between applied phosphorus and available phosphorus, and an effective feedback control mechanism is lacked, so that environmental risks caused by long-term accumulation of excessive fertilization cannot be prevented. In the prior art, a patent document with publication number CN119744627A discloses a method for determining the surplus range which is allowed by phosphate fertilizer by controlling the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer to the apparent phosphorus balance level of soil and a plant system, but the method does not dynamically divide the growth period through accumulating growth days and construct a sectional phosphorus demand model by combining the growth days and illumination time of the same day, so that the dynamic adjustment of the crop fertilizer amount along with weather conditions and growth processes is realized, the pH and humidity double factors are not introduced to effectively correct the soil phosphorus, the nutrient absorption efficiency is adopted to correct the application amount, the evaluation of the phosphorus supply capacity of the soil and the effective utilization rate of the fertilizer is closer to the actual condition, the closed loop feedback mechanism of the upper limit of the total surplus total amount accumulated and the residual amount updated are not adopted, the dynamic optimization and total amount control of the fertilization process are realized, and the risk of pollution of a source caused by long-term excessive fertilization is eliminated from the source, so that the determination method of the surplus phosphorus fertilizer application amount is allowed in a potato required area. The above information disclosed in the background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the disclosure and therefore it may include information that does not form the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a determination method for surplus amount of regional potatoes allowed to be applied with phosphate fertilizer, so as to solve the problems in the background art. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The determination method for the surplus amount of the regional potatoes for allowing the phosphate fertilizer to be applied comprises the following specific steps of: S1, dividing an area into a plurality of regular grids, setting sampling points in each grid, and respectively collecting soil environment parameters of each sampling point, wherein the soil environment parameters comprise soil humidity, soil pH value and residual concentration of phosphorus elements; s2, based on the soil environment parameters of each sampling point, generating a spatial distribution map of the soil environment parameters of the whole area by adopting a spatial interpolation method, and evaluating the soil environment parameters of each point in the spatial distribution map to obtain the reference soil environment parameters of the area; S3, acquiring accumulated growth days of potatoes in the area until the current day, determining the growth period of the potatoes through the accumulated growth days, and constructing a phosphorus demand segmentation estimation model for different growth periods of the potatoes to evaluate the phosphorus fertilizer demand of the potatoes in the current growth period; S4, correcting the residual concentration of phosphorus element by taking the soil humidity and the soil pH value as double factors to o