CN-121986646-A - Intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on soil moisture content and fruit tree growth

CN121986646ACN 121986646 ACN121986646 ACN 121986646ACN-121986646-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural intelligent irrigation, and particularly relates to an intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on soil moisture content and fruit tree growth. The system comprises a global perception device, a ground monitoring network, a digital twin construction terminal, a causal inference analysis server, a generation type evolution prediction device and a water and fertilizer cooperative control terminal. And constructing a digital mirror model through the deep fusion of the global and ground monitoring data, analyzing the driving logic of the environmental factors to the physiological response by utilizing causal inference, and carrying out virtual sample alignment and scene deduction based on the generated evolution to guide a control terminal to realize the accurate matching of the water and fertilizer input quantity and the physiological needs of the fruit trees. The method can accurately identify the cause of abnormal growth conditions, improves the resource utilization rate and the robustness of system decision, and promotes the refinement and digital transformation of orchard management.

Inventors

DENG QINHUA
WEN TING
PENG TAO
Gong Yihuang
TAN BIN
CHEN WANXIA
DENG ZINIU
CAI JIANGUO
ZHANG ZHI
CAO SIMING
ZHANG XIANJIN
XU YAN
DENG YIWEN
TAN LIMEI
LUO XIAHUI
GONG QIN
WU ZHIHONG
LIU SHA
YU ZHIYONG

Assignees

郴州市农业科学研究所
南岭柑橘研究院
郴州市万亩鲜生态农业发展有限公司
郴州市盈诚生态农业科技发展有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260409

Claims (10)

1. An intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on soil moisture content and fruit tree growth is characterized by comprising a global sensing device, a ground monitoring network, a digital twin construction terminal, a causal inference analysis server, a generation type evolution prediction device and a water and fertilizer cooperative control terminal; The global perception device is used for acquiring macroscopic image data of an orchard under the scale and extracting spectral feature vectors and temperature field distribution features reflecting global growth heterogeneity; the ground monitoring network is used for acquiring microcosmic environment parameters and physiological indexes of the positions of the single fruit trees in real time and acquiring soil water content, nutrient concentration information and physiological activity data; The digital twin construction terminal is connected with the global sensing device and the ground monitoring network and is used for aligning mixed pixels in macroscopic image data with point data in the ground monitoring network through space coordinate transformation to construct a multi-dimensional digital mirror model covering a full life cycle; The causal inference analysis server is interacted with the digital twin construction terminal and is used for carrying out path analysis on environmental factors and physiological responses of fruit trees by utilizing causal discovery logic, judging specific driving factors causing abnormal growth conditions and outputting diagnosis results about water deficiency or nutrient imbalance; The generating type evolution prediction device is used for carrying out data amplification and scene evolution simulation on the multidimensional digital mirror model to generate virtual evolution samples under different preset climatic conditions; The water and fertilizer cooperative control terminal is used for executing irrigation and fertilizer application instructions according to the diagnosis result and the predicted evolution trend, and the control of irrigation water quantity and fertilizer liquid proportion is realized by adjusting the opening time of each partition control valve and the output power of a pump station.
2. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on soil moisture and fruit tree growth according to claim 1, wherein the global sensing device comprises a multispectral acquisition unit and a thermal imaging detection unit; The multispectral acquisition unit comprises a plurality of independent narrow-band optical filters and photosensitive chips and is used for capturing spectral energy values of a blue light wave band with a central wavelength near 450 nanometers, a green light wave band near 550 nanometers, a red light wave band near 660 nanometers, a red side wave band near 730 nanometers and a near infrared wave band near 840 nanometers; the multispectral acquisition unit is configured with a spectrum index calculation logic for calculating a normalized difference vegetation index, an enhanced vegetation index and a water stress index according to the spectrum energy value; The normalized difference vegetation index is equal to the ratio of the difference between the reflection value of the near infrared band and the reflection value of the red band divided by the sum of the reflection value of the near infrared band and the reflection value of the red band; The enhanced vegetation index is configured to introduce the blue-ray band energy to correct atmospheric aerosol interference and optimize the atmospheric aerosol interference by utilizing a preset gain factor and a background adjustment coefficient; The water stress index is configured to quantitatively evaluate a change in water content in the leaf tissue by analyzing a proportional relationship of the short-wave infrared band and the near-infrared band.
3. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on soil moisture and fruit tree growth according to claim 2, wherein the thermal imaging detection unit comprises a long-wave infrared focal plane array detector for capturing thermal radiation signals emitted by fruit tree crowns and converting the thermal radiation signals into spatially distributed temperature field data; An absolute blackbody calibration algorithm is integrated in the thermal imaging detection unit and is used for acquiring the surface temperature of the canopy under different environmental background temperatures; The thermal imaging detection unit evaluates the air hole conductivity of crops by establishing a difference logic relation between the canopy temperature and the air environment temperature; The global sensing equipment is provided with early warning logic, and when the difference between the real temperature of the surface of the canopy and the air environment temperature acquired by the environment sensor in real time is larger than a preset temperature fluctuation threshold value and the duration exceeds a preset time window, the system judges that the air hole conductivity is reduced and outputs a warning signal to the decision layer.
4. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on soil moisture and fruit tree growth according to claim 3, wherein the ground monitoring network comprises a plurality of wireless sensing nodes deployed at points of an orchard, and each wireless sensing node comprises a power management module, a main control microprocessor and a sensing component; The sensing assembly comprises soil moisture content detection nodes which adopt a multi-layer probe type structure, wherein the soil moisture content detection nodes are vertically inserted into soil, and high-frequency magnetic permeability sensors are respectively arranged at preset depths of 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm and 80 cm from the ground surface; the high-frequency magnetic permeability sensor is used for emitting high-frequency electromagnetic waves to a soil medium, and the volume water content of the soil in the depth section and the conductivity representing nutrient concentration information are obtained through inversion of the dielectric constant change of a measured echo signal; The ground monitoring network is provided with a vertical section water migration model for monitoring the logical relationship between the root system water absorption rate and the water infiltration depth in real time, and provides a direct basis for judging the deep water sufficiency.
5. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on soil moisture content and fruit tree growth of claim 4, wherein the sensing assembly further comprises a chlorophyll fluorescence sensing assembly configured as an optical sensing unit mounted near a target fruit tree leaf; the chlorophyll fluorescence sensing component comprises a controlled excitation light source with wavelength and a photoelectric detector, wherein the controlled excitation light source is used for irradiating the fruit tree leaves by using 650-nanometer red light pulse, and the photoelectric detector is used for recording the characteristic of fluorescence quenching curve reflected by the leaves; The signal processing logic integrated inside the chlorophyll fluorescence sensing component is used for analyzing the actual quantum yield, the non-photochemical quenching parameters and the photochemical efficiency of the second optical system; the ground monitoring network is configured with stress judgment logic, and when the observed actual quantum yield is lower than the preset proportion of the normal growth reference value and the non-photochemical quenching parameter is raised to the preset upper limit, the system judges that the fruit tree is in an environment stress state and automatically promotes the monitoring sampling frequency of the corresponding area.
6. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on soil moisture and fruit tree growth according to claim 5, wherein a multi-scale feature fusion algorithm is arranged in the digital twin construction terminal and is used for taking spectral features acquired by the global sensing equipment as global constraint conditions and point location data acquired by the ground monitoring network as local fine features; The digital twin construction terminal is provided with residual error compensation logic, and is used for calculating the deviation between the interpolation result of the global spectral feature at the coordinate position and the actual measurement value of the coordinate position foundation sensor, carrying out weighted correction in a local area according to the deviation, carrying out mathematical decomposition on mixed pixels in a macroscopic image, and disassembling the mixed spectral reflection value containing soil, weeds and crown features into a pure fruit crown reflection value, so as to reconstruct an equivalent growth map with single plant resolution; The digital twin construction terminal is also provided with time sequence calibration logic which stores standard growth curves of different varieties of fruit trees in germination period, flowering period, fruit expansion period and maturity period, and dynamically adjusts the inspection frequency of the global sensing equipment and the data sampling period of the ground monitoring network according to the actually measured growth rate characteristics.
7. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on soil moisture content and fruit tree growth according to claim 6, wherein the causal inference analysis server adopts a structural equation model logic for constructing a directed acyclic graph model, and uses soil moisture content and soil conductivity as endogenous variables and uses illumination intensity, ambient air temperature and relative humidity as exogenous variables; the causal inference analysis server is used for calculating path coefficients of different variables on net photosynthetic rate of fruit trees or chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and determining the weight of each path by minimizing the difference between an observed inter-variable correlation distribution matrix and a model predicted correlation distribution matrix, so as to quantify the contribution rate of water stress, fertility deficiency, illumination deficiency and potential diseases to growth reduction; The causal inference analysis server is also provided with an environmental background reference evaluation module which is used for continuously monitoring the microclimate environment around the orchard and automatically deducting the colony growth fluctuation caused by the large environmental climate fluctuation when diagnosis is carried out so as to distinguish withering caused by insufficient moisture and yellowing caused by diseases.
8. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on soil moisture and fruit tree growth according to claim 7, wherein the causal inference analysis server is further integrated with a dual machine learning logic, and the dual machine learning logic is used for estimating the conditional average processing effect of the intervention behavior of changing irrigation quantity on the fruit tree growth increment by comparing the data difference of an experimental group and a control group on the premise of processing nonlinear interference factors; The dual machine learning logic comprises a first machine learning model and a second machine learning model, wherein the first machine learning model is used for predicting irrigation behaviors through environmental variables; The causal inference analysis server is used for calculating a regression relation between the residual error of the irrigation behavior and the residual error of the growth increment, so that interference of a background variable is eliminated, and an optimal irrigation threshold boundary for maximizing the growth gain of the fruit tree under the current environmental condition is determined.
9. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on soil moisture and fruit tree growth according to claim 8, wherein the generating type evolution prediction device adopts a generating countermeasure network structure and comprises an encoder, a generator and a discriminator; The encoder is used for extracting hidden space features of the orchard history growth data stored in the digital mirror image model and compressing the space distribution and time evolution features into feature vectors; the generator is used for simulating the growth form evolution of the fruit tree under different environmental stresses according to the feature vector and by combining with preset future climate change parameters, and generating a virtual evolution sample; The discriminator is used for comparing and checking the generated virtual evolution sample with the actually measured physical parameters; the generating type evolution prediction device is used for inputting the predicted weather forecast data into the generator, generating an orchard digital state diagram on a future continuous time sequence, and carrying out accumulation operation on the water consumption of each pixel point in the diagram to obtain the total estimated water demand; The causal inference analysis server is further configured with anomaly data recognition logic that automatically invokes the virtual estimate generated by the generated evolutionary prediction device for logical replacement when sensor data is determined to be anomalous.
10. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on soil moisture and fruit tree growth according to claim 9, wherein the water and fertilizer cooperative control terminal comprises a proportional fertilizer applicator, an automatic pulse valve, a pump station driver, a main flow sensor and a pressure compensation type drip irrigation pipe network; the water and fertilizer cooperative control terminal is used for receiving the irrigation threshold command of the causal inference analysis server, and calculating irrigation time length and fertilization proportion by combining future water demand prediction output by the generating type evolution prediction device; the proportional fertilizer applicator is used for adjusting the frequency of a motor of the fertilizer injection pump in real time, so that the mother liquor flow injected into the main pipeline and the real-time total flow value fed back by the main flow sensor always keep a preset proportional relation; the motor frequency of the fertilizer injection pump is compensated in real time through a preset proportional-integral-derivative algorithm, so that the fluctuation range of the addition amount of the mother solution is ensured to be lower than a preset tolerance range; the automatic pulse valve is used for adjusting the irrigation water quantity by adjusting the opening and closing time proportion of the valve and ensuring the irrigation uniformity of the tail ends of all the branches according to a preset pressure compensation protocol; the water and fertilizer cooperative control terminal is also provided with a leaching risk early warning module which is used for analyzing and evaluating the risk probability of leaching of fertilizer to underground water caused by excessive irrigation by utilizing a nutrient migration path and triggering a forced cutoff logic when the risk probability exceeds a safety boundary.

Description

Intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on soil moisture content and fruit tree growth Technical Field The invention belongs to the field of agricultural intelligent irrigation, and particularly relates to an intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on soil moisture content and fruit tree growth. Background Along with the rapid development of intelligent agricultural technology, precise irrigation and nutrient management have become key paths for improving the production benefits and environmental sustainability of modern orchards. The water and fertilizer integrated technology can realize fine granularity regulation and control of the crop growth environment through an integrated sensor monitoring and automatic control means, and has important significance for optimizing agricultural resource allocation and improving crop yield. Under a large-scale orchard management scene, necessary data support is provided for scientific decisions of the whole growth cycle of the fruit trees through cooperative sensing of soil physical parameters and crop physiological states. The intelligent monitoring system based on the air-ground integration aims at constructing an omnibearing orchard digital twin model by integrating a remote inspection and foundation sensing network. The technical direction generally utilizes multispectral or thermal imaging technology to evaluate the integral growth vigor of the orchard, and combines local soil moisture data acquired by a ground sensor to realize accurate throwing of irrigation instructions. In practical application, the system needs to map and deeply analyze the trans-scale data in real time, so as to ensure that the water and fertilizer application amount and the practical physiological requirement of the fruit tree are accurately matched in time and space dimensions. In the prior art, a scale gap exists between the global coverage breadth and the monomer perception precision, the remote perception of a satellite or an unmanned aerial vehicle is limited to resolution and mixed pixels are easy to generate, individual differences of single fruit trees cannot be described, and the ground fixed monitoring points are difficult to represent the heterogeneous characteristics of a whole garden due to sparse distribution points. The traditional analysis model is mostly dependent on correlation mining in statistical sense, lacks deep analysis of causal logic between environmental factors and physiological responses, and cannot accurately judge bottom driving factors of abnormal growth. Due to the lack of generative evolution analysis and causal inference capability on multi-source heterogeneous data, the system is difficult to establish global and single plant collaborative diagnosis logic in a complex and changeable natural environment, so that the pertinence and scientificity of irrigation decisions are insufficient. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide an intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on soil moisture content and fruit tree growth, which can solve the problems of scale gap existing between the whole coverage breadth and single perception precision in the background technology, lack of causal logic analysis capability of a traditional model and insufficient scientificity of irrigation decision in a complex environment. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system based on soil moisture content and fruit tree growth comprises a global perception device, a ground monitoring network, a digital twin construction terminal, a causal inference analysis server, a generation type evolution prediction device and a water and fertilizer cooperative control terminal, wherein the intelligent water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system comprises the following components: The global perception device is used for acquiring macroscopic image data of an orchard under a specific scale, realizes non-contact scanning of reflection characteristics and thermal radiation energy of a canopy of the whole orchard vegetation by carrying a multispectral acquisition unit and a thermal imaging detection unit, and extracts spectral characteristic vectors and temperature field distribution characteristics reflecting global growth heterogeneity; The ground monitoring network is used for acquiring microcosmic environment parameters and physiological indexes of the positions of the individual fruit trees in real time, acquiring soil moisture content and nutrient concentration information by arranging soil moisture content detection nodes on a soil layer with a preset depth, and acquiring physiological activity data of the individual fruit trees by utilizing the chlorophyll fluorescence sensing assembly; the digital twin construction terminal is connected with the global sensing device and t