CN-121986652-A - Portable purely mechanical linkage type apple picking machine

CN121986652ACN 121986652 ACN121986652 ACN 121986652ACN-121986652-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a portable purely mechanical linkage type apple picking machine, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural apple picking tools. The device comprises a drawing type control assembly, a linkage transmission assembly, a flexible buffer protection assembly, a clamping and shearing execution assembly, a transmission protection assembly and a detachable collection assembly. The whole machine adopts a pure mechanical structure, realizes power input by single-hand pulling and controlling, and completes sequential operation of clamping and shearing firstly through linkage of one group of main transmission and three groups of driven transmission. The flexible lining and the buffer structure effectively reduce fruit damage, and the detachable telescopic collecting pipe realizes gravity guide storage, and the transmission protection component promotes mechanism reliability. The invention has simple structure, light weight, strong portability and low cost, does not need external power, saves labor in operation, can obviously improve picking efficiency and commodity fruit rate, eliminates potential safety hazards in overhead operation, solves the pain points of the prior equipment such as power dependence, complex structure, poor universality and the like, and has good practical and popularization values.

Inventors

SONG HAIYAN
LIN JING
WANG LIJUN
LIU GUANGFA
LIN NING
CHEN JIAZHENG
CHEN QINYU
LIU YING
JIANG YUYUN
SUN HONGLEI
CHENG XIANG
YIN QIANQIAN

Assignees

天津科技大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260402

Claims (10)

1. The portable purely mechanical linkage type apple picking machine is characterized by comprising a drawing type control assembly (1), a linkage transmission assembly (2), a flexible buffer protection assembly (3), a clamping and shearing execution assembly (4), a transmission protection assembly (5) and a detachable collection assembly (6); The device comprises a main transmission rod (12), a pulling type control assembly (1), a detachable collecting pipe, a linkage transmission assembly (2), a flexible buffer protection assembly, a transmission protection assembly (5) and a clamping type protection assembly, wherein the pulling type control assembly (1) is arranged at the bottom end holding part of the main transmission rod and is a power input part of the whole machine; The linkage transmission assembly comprises a group of main transmission groups and three groups of driven transmission groups, single-power input synchronous driving clamping and shearing actions are realized through the cooperation of gears, racks, connecting rods and end face friction wheels, the clamping and shearing execution assembly performs time sequence of clamping and holding and picking and then shearing fruit stalks, the whole machine is of a pure mechanical structure, no electric control, electric control and hydraulic driving parts are arranged, and the whole picking process is completed only through manual operation and elastic reset.
2. The portable purely mechanical linkage type apple picking machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that the drawing type control assembly (1) comprises a holding handle (11), a hand-held main rod (12), a spring cavity retaining plate (13), a reset spring (14) and a spring cavity (15), wherein the holding handle (11) is fixedly connected with the hand-held main rod (12), the reset spring (14) is arranged in the spring cavity (15), the upper end of the reset spring (14) abuts against the spring cavity retaining plate (13), power is provided by compressing the reset spring during drawing control, and the whole machine is driven to automatically reset by the reset spring after the hand is released.
3. The portable purely mechanical linkage apple picking machine according to claim 1, wherein the main transmission group (21) comprises a transmission main rod (211), and main transmission racks 1 (212), 2 (213) and 3 (214) which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the main transmission main rod by 90 degrees, and the three driven transmission groups are respectively meshed with the corresponding main transmission racks to realize time sequence linkage of clamping action and shearing action.
4. The portable purely mechanical linkage apple picking machine according to claim 3, wherein the driven transmission group 1 (22) is composed of a gear 1 (221), a gear 2 (222), a gear 3 (223), a gear 4 (224) and a rack (225) of the driven transmission group 1, the shears are driven by multistage gear transmission to complete fruit stem shearing, and the driven transmission group 2 (23) and the driven transmission group 3 (24) are of symmetrical structures and are respectively driven by a gear, a rack, a connecting rod and an end face friction wheel to drive the special-shaped holding plates at two sides to synchronously center and close.
5. The portable purely mechanical linkage type apple picking machine according to claim 1, wherein the flexible lining layer (31) of the flexible buffering protection assembly (3) is made of food-grade silica gel, is attached to the inner side of the special-shaped holding plate (42), is provided with anti-slip textures on the surface, and the reset spring (14) has transmission reset and clamping force buffering functions.
6. The portable purely mechanical linkage type apple picking machine according to claim 1, wherein the clamping and shearing executing assembly (4) comprises stainless steel scissors (41) and symmetrical special-shaped holding plates (42), arc-shaped avoiding grooves are formed in the cutting edges of the scissors, the opening angle of the special-shaped holding plates (42) is adjustable by 0-60 degrees, and a fruit guide channel is formed after the special-shaped holding plates are closed.
7. The portable purely mechanical linkage type apple picking machine according to claim 1, wherein the transmission protection component (5) comprises a protection cover main body (51), a protection cover bottom plate (52) and a drawing type upper plate (53), and is made of transparent engineering plastic materials, and is connected with the clamping and shearing execution component (4) through a buckle to form a slidable closed protection cavity.
8. The portable purely mechanical linkage type apple picking machine according to claim 1, wherein the detachable collecting assembly (6) is a multi-section telescopic sleeve type detachable collecting tube (61), a locking mechanism is arranged on an adjacent sleeve, a buffer foam layer is arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve, the upper end of the buffer foam layer is in threaded connection with the clamping and shearing executing assembly (4), and the lower end of the buffer foam layer is in threaded connection with a spring cavity of a holding handle.
9. The portable purely mechanical ganged apple picking machine of claim 1, wherein the detachable collecting pipe (61) is of a coaxial telescopic structure, is adjustable in length, and is adapted to high branch position non-climbing picking.
10. The portable purely mechanical linkage apple picking machine according to claim 1, wherein the whole machine is not controlled by a motor, and is automatically reset after single picking action is completed, and fruits directly fall into the collecting pipe by gravity without falling off and hard contact collision.

Description

Portable purely mechanical linkage type apple picking machine Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural apple picking tools, in particular to a portable purely mechanical linkage type apple picking machine. Background The apples are used as economic forest fruits with the leading planting area and yield in China, the harvesting link belongs to labor-intensive operation, and the operation quality directly influences the commodity rate of the fruits and the economic benefits of fruit farmers. The traditional operation mode has the advantages that firstly, high-branch fruits are picked by means of ladders and climbing fruit trees, the risk of falling from the high altitude is extremely high, the operation safety is poor, secondly, the manual bare-hand or common scissors are picked to finish clamping, shearing and storing actions step by step, the operation continuity is poor, the single-fruit picking time is long, the whole operation efficiency is low, thirdly, the fruits are easy to collide by hard contact and are damaged by improper shearing of fruit handles in the picking process, and the commodity fruit rate is greatly reduced. Aiming at the problems, a plurality of fruit picking devices are disclosed in the prior art, but all the fruit picking devices have obvious technical defects and cannot adapt to the actual demands of large-scale scattered households and hillside orchards. The existing large-scale automatic picking equipment is provided with an electric control system, a visual identification module and an electric or hydraulic driving component, has the problems of complex structure, heavy whole machine, high purchase and maintenance cost, severe requirement on the standardized degree of an orchard and the like, is difficult to popularize and apply in hilly and scattered planting orchards, is poor in transmission consistency, large in operation torque, is not provided with a flexible protection structure, has high fruit damage rate, has transmission jamming, unsmooth resetting and uncontrollable clamping force, is not integrated with a fruit collecting structure, and is further aggravated by direct falling of fruits after picking. In order to improve the above situation, chinese patent document CN223391689U discloses an automatic telescopic fruit picker, which simplifies the mechanical structure, makes the whole machine lightweight, and improves the picking efficiency of apples on the premise of saving labor. The design logic of the scheme is substantially to improve picking portability and picking target visual recognition efficiency, but is limited by a motor-driven structural form, so that the scheme has a plurality of inherent limitations, namely firstly, after a motor and an intelligent control system are mounted, the equipment needs to be additionally protected in the carrying process, the operation complexity of intelligent components is higher, the overall cost is relatively higher, secondly, the fruit picker does not integrate a fruit storage device, and even if a non-integrated structural design is adopted, the fruit falling channel is subjected to buffer treatment, the fruit damage risk is still difficult to effectively reduce. In conclusion, the existing fruit picking equipment generally has the technical pain points of dependence on electric control or external power, structural redundancy, poor portability, weak adaptability, poor nondestructive picking effect, complex operation and the like, and an apple picking device which completely depends on pure mechanical structure innovation, realizes single-hand linkage control, is light in weight and portable, has low cost and high nondestructive rate has not yet been developed, so that the development of a portable apple picking machine which is suitable for various orchard environments and has no electric control pure mechanical structure becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a portable purely mechanical linkage type apple picking machine. Through the collaborative structural innovation of integrated linkage clamping shearing and containing mechanism, pull type single-hand transmission mechanism and gravity guiding and collecting mechanism, the electric control element, the power driving part and external power input are completely abandoned, the whole-flow harvesting operation is realized by only relying on mechanical connecting rods, gear transmission and elastic reset, the technical problems that the traditional harvesting equipment depends on electric control, is complex in structure, high in cost, poor in portability, high in fruit damage rate and low in operation efficiency are fundamentally solved, and the actual operation demands of hillside orchards, scattered household planting and high branch position harvesting are met. The invention realizes the above purpo