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CN-121986664-A - Crawler-type branch-falling smashing and returning device suitable for pear garden

CN121986664ACN 121986664 ACN121986664 ACN 121986664ACN-121986664-A

Abstract

The invention provides a crawler-type branch-falling and crushing and returning device suitable for a pear garden, which is characterized in that an electric motor and a battery pack in a crawler chassis driving device provide original power, the power is directly transmitted to a crawler belt wheel to realize equipment movement, a crawler chassis tensioning device ensures that a crawler belt is tightly meshed with the belt wheel all the time, the power is simultaneously transmitted to a power transmission system to transmit the power to a front operation part in a long-distance and flexible manner, the power finally reaches a branch crushing and returning system to drive a blade to rotate at a high speed so as to finish the core crushing task, a branch feeding system is responsible for receiving and primarily arranging disordered branches and guiding the branches to a crushing system, the branch crushing and returning system is driven by the power to crush the fed branches into fine particles, and a control and support system is used for connecting the front operation system with a rear power and a traveling system to form a whole to provide structural stability. The control of the apparatus, for example, the adjustment of the direction of travel, the control of the start and stop of the pulverizer, is performed by means of a control mechanism mounted on it.

Inventors

  • XU YUNFENG
  • HUANG YIMING
  • TANG ZHONG
  • HAN LONG
  • CHEN XIAOWEN
  • YUAN CHENG
  • CHEN YUEXIA
  • ZHANG XILIANG

Assignees

  • 江苏大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260324

Claims (8)

  1. 1. The crawler-type branch-falling smashing and returning device suitable for the pear garden is characterized by comprising a crawler belt driving pulley (1), a crawler chassis driving device (2), a crawler chassis tensioning device (3), a power transmission system (4), a branch feeding system (5), The branch crushing and returning system comprises a branch crushing and returning system (6) and a control and supporting system (7), wherein the track driving pulleys (1) are assembled on two sides of a track chassis driving device (2) and driven by pulleys, the track chassis tensioning devices (3) are positioned behind the track driving pulleys (1), three groups of track chassis tensioning devices (3) are uniformly assembled on two sides of the track chassis driving device (2), when the track driving pulleys (1) move, the track driving pulleys (1) drive the middle part of a track to move, springs are assembled to ensure the stability of the track chassis driving device (2) when the track driving pulleys move, the power driving system (4) is positioned right in front of the whole track chassis driving device (2) and connected with the track chassis driving device (2), the branch feeding system (5) is positioned below the power driving system (4), the branch crushing and returning mechanism (6) is positioned inside the branch feeding system (5), the control and supporting structure (7) is connected with the branch feeding system (5), and the track driving pulleys (1) comprise a power receiving pulley (101), a track driving wheel (102), a track (103), a track driving wheel guiding frame (104), The crawler tensioning mechanism comprises a crawler tensioning mechanism supporting piece (105) and a crawler tensioning mechanism spring (106), wherein the power receiving belt wheel (101) receives power of an external motor, the power is transmitted to a crawler driving wheel (102) through a belt, the crawler driving wheel (102) is driven to rotate, the crawler driving wheel (102) is meshed with links of a crawler (103) through gear teeth to drive the crawler (103) to circularly rotate so as to realize advancing, the crawler tensioning mechanism supporting piece (105) is fixed on a crawler driving wheel guiding frame (104) to provide a mounting and bearing foundation for the crawler tensioning mechanism supporting piece (105), one end of the crawler tensioning mechanism guiding frame (104) is rigidly connected with the crawler tensioning mechanism supporting piece (105), the other end of the crawler tensioning mechanism guiding frame (106) is used for limiting and guiding the movement, one end of the crawler tensioning mechanism spring (106) is abutted against the crawler tensioning mechanism guiding frame (104), the other end of the crawler tensioning mechanism spring (106) is connected with a first crawler tensioning wheel (301) and a second crawler tensioning wheel (305) to push the tensioning wheel to press the inner side of the crawler (103) through self-elasticity, and the chassis driving device (2) comprises a power output belt wheel (201), The crawler belt tensioning device comprises a belt (202), an engine speed reducer (203), a motor (204), a control module (205), a battery pack (206) and a crawler tensioning mechanism connecting support (207), wherein the power output belt wheel (201) is positioned at two sides inside a crawler belt chassis driving device (2), is connected with the engine speed reducer (203) through the belt (202) and outputs power to the power receiving belt wheel (101) for transmitting power, the motor (204) outputs power to the engine speed reducer (203), the motor is connected with the engine speed reducer (203) and transmits the power to the power output belt wheel (201) after the rotating speed and the torque are reduced through the engine speed reducer (203), the control module (205) is respectively connected with the battery pack (206) and the motor (204) through wires, the battery pack (206) supplies electric energy to the motor (204), the crawler tensioning mechanism connecting support (207) is connected with a tensioning wheel guide support (303) in the crawler belt tensioning device (3) and is used for supporting and connecting, stable operation of the crawler belt tensioning device (3) is guaranteed, and normal operation of the crawler belt tensioning device (103) is guaranteed, the crawler belt tensioning device (3) comprises a first tensioning wheel (301), An axle (302), a tensioning wheel guide bracket (303), a first tensioning spring (304), a second track tensioning wheel (305), A tensioning wheel mounting bracket (306) and a second tensioning spring (307), wherein the tensioning wheel (301) is meshed with the chain rail teeth of the track (103) to ensure tensioning when the track (103) in the middle moves, the first tensioning wheel (301) is mounted on a tensioning wheel guide bracket (303) through a wheel shaft (302), the tensioning wheel guide bracket (303) is connected with a track tensioning mechanism support piece (207), the track tensioning mechanism support piece (207) is fixed on a track transmission wheel guiding frame (104) to form a complete supporting connection from the first tensioning wheel (301) to the track transmission wheel guiding frame (104), the first tensioning wheel (301) can stably tension and adjust the track (103), the first tensioning spring (304) provides elastic tensioning force for the first track wheel (301), one end of the first tensioning spring (304) is arranged on the wheel guide bracket (303), the other end of the first tensioning spring (304) is arranged on the track tensioning mechanism connecting bracket (207), and the second tensioning wheel (305) is arranged on the track tensioning mechanism connecting frame (207), The tensioning wheel mounting bracket (306) and the second tensioning spring (307) are mounted on the crawler belt (103) on the same principle, the power transmission system (4) comprises an output flange (401), a first cross shaft universal joint (402), a connecting flange (403), a transmission shaft (404), a sliding spline shaft (405), a second cross shaft universal joint (406), a connecting flange (407), a first cross shaft universal joint and a second cross shaft universal joint, A bevel gear input shaft (408) and a connecting shaft shell (409), wherein the output flange (401) is connected with a crawler chassis driving device (2), an internal motor (204) of the crawler chassis driving device (2) transmits power to the output flange (401), a first cross shaft universal joint (402) is connected with the output flange (401), a transmission shaft (404) is connected with the first cross shaft universal joint (402) through the connecting flange (403) to realize angular power transmission, a sliding spline shaft (405) is connected with the transmission shaft (404) through spline fit, axial sliding further compensates for length change and simultaneously transmits torque, a second cross shaft universal joint (406) is connected with the sliding spline shaft (405) to realize angular power transmission and compensate for part of length change, the bevel gear input shaft (408) is connected with the connecting flange (407), the power is transmitted to the bevel gear input shaft (408) through a second cross shaft universal joint (406), the connecting shaft shell (409) plays a role of protecting the bevel gear input shaft (408) and is connected with a transmission rod (702), and the branch feeding mechanism (5) comprises a blade supporting base (501), An adjusting guide rail (502), an adjusting slide block (503), a transmission chain end cover (504), an adjusting bracket (505), a branch feeding hopper (506), a branch feeding hopper, The machine body shell (507) and the adjusting bracket (508), the blade supporting base (501) is connected with the adjusting bracket (505) and the adjusting guide rail (502) at the same time, the adjusting sliding block (503) is fixed on the transmission chain end cover (504) and is matched with the adjusting guide rail (502) to drive the blade supporting base (501) to move, the transmission chain end cover (504) is connected with the machine body shell (507), the branch feeding hopper (506) is connected with the machine body shell (507) through a shaft, the adjusting bracket (508) is connected with the machine body shell (507) and the blade supporting base (501), the branch crushing system (6) comprises a first crushing blade (601), The second crushing blade (602), the blade fixing seat (603), the blade shaft (604), the cutter shaft bearing seat (605), the transmission chain (606), the transmission shaft bearing seat (607), the power input shaft (608), the connecting flange (609) and the power output joint (610), wherein the first crushing blade (601), The second crushing blades (602) are arranged on the blade fixing seats (603) in pairs, a plurality of blade fixing seats (603) are fixed on a blade shaft (604), the blade shaft (604) is arranged on a cutter shaft bearing seat (605), the cutter shaft bearing seat (605) is fixed on a transmission chain end cover (504), a transmission chain (606) is arranged on the cutter shaft bearing seat (605) and the transmission shaft bearing seat (607), one end of a power input shaft (608) is connected with the transmission shaft bearing seat (607), the other end of the power input shaft is connected with a connecting flange (609), a power output joint (610) is connected with the connecting flange (609) to transmit power, and the control and support system (7) comprises a hinged joint (701), the device comprises a transmission rod (702), an auxiliary supporting rod (703), a cantilever beam (704), a locking device (705) and a joint piece (706), wherein the transmission rod (702) is connected with a connecting shaft shell (409) through a hinged joint (701), one end of the auxiliary supporting rod (703) is connected with the transmission rod (702), the other end of the auxiliary supporting rod is connected with the joint piece (706), and two ends of the cantilever beam (704) are fixed on a machine body shell (507) through the locking device (705) and the joint piece (706).
  2. 2. The crawler type branch-falling and crushing and returning device suitable for pear gardens according to claim 1 is characterized in that a power receiving belt wheel (101) receives external motor power and transmits the power to a crawler driving wheel (102) through a belt, the crawler driving wheel (102) is meshed with a crawler (103) through gear teeth to travel, a crawler tensioning mechanism supporting piece (105) is fixed to a crawler driving wheel guiding frame (104) to provide a stable installation foundation for the crawler tensioning mechanism supporting piece (105), a guide bracket (104) limits and guides movement of a crawler tensioning mechanism spring (106), and the crawler tensioning mechanism spring (106) pushes a first crawler tensioning wheel (301) and a second crawler tensioning wheel (305) to press the inner side of the crawler (103) through elastic force to tension the crawler (103).
  3. 3. The crawler-type branch-falling smashing and returning device suitable for pear gardens according to claim 1 is characterized in that the first crawler tensioning wheel (301) and the second crawler tensioning wheel (305) are symmetrically arranged, tensioning is conducted on two sides of a crawler (103) simultaneously, the crawler (103) is enabled to be stressed evenly, the first crawler tensioning wheel (301) and the second crawler tensioning wheel (305) are installed on a corresponding tensioning wheel guide bracket (303) or a tensioning wheel installation bracket (306) through axles (302), the tensioning wheel guide bracket (303), the tensioning wheel installation bracket (306) and a crawler tensioning mechanism connecting bracket (207) form a complete supporting chain, the fact that the first crawler tensioning wheel (301) and the second crawler tensioning wheel (305) move stably and are located accurately in the adjusting process is guaranteed, and elastic tensioning forces are provided for the first crawler tensioning wheel (301) and the second crawler tensioning wheel (305) through the first tensioning spring (304) and the second tensioning spring (307).
  4. 4. The crawler-type branch-falling and crushing returning device suitable for pear gardens according to claim 1 is characterized in that a first cross shaft universal joint (402) and a second cross shaft universal joint (406) are used for respectively compensating angle deviations in different directions in a power transmission path, a sliding spline shaft (405) is in spline fit with a transmission shaft (404) and can transmit torque and axially slide, length changes caused by vibration and expansion and contraction during operation of compensation equipment are avoided, a connecting shaft shell (409) wraps a bevel gear input shaft (408), the shell is connected with a transmission rod (702) and provides additional support for the whole structure, and an output flange (401), the first cross shaft universal joint (402), the second cross shaft universal joint (406) and the transmission shaft (404) are connected through a flange and spline standardized interface.
  5. 5. The crawler-type branch-falling and crushing field returning device suitable for the pear garden according to claim 1 is characterized in that the blade supporting base (501) is simultaneously connected with the adjusting bracket (505) and the adjusting guide rail (502) through bolts, the adjusting sliding block (503) is fixed on the transmission chain end cover (504) and matched with the guide rail, the blade supporting base (501) can be driven to slide along the adjusting guide rail (502) by pushing the adjusting guide rail (502), meanwhile, the transmission chain end cover (504) is connected with the machine body and the blade bracket, the stability of a blade supporting system is further enhanced, the transmission chain end cover (504) is directly connected with the machine body shell (507) to prevent branch chips and dust from entering and causing clamping stagnation or abrasion, the machine body shell (507) is respectively connected with the transmission chain end cover (504), the branch feeding hopper (506) and the adjusting bracket (508) to integrate feeding, transmission and blade supporting functional modules, structural redundancy caused by scattered installation of components is reduced, the branch feeding hopper (506) is connected with the machine body shell (507) through a shaft, can rotate around a small angle, the shaft can adjust the inclination angle of a hopper opening according to the actual feeding amount, and the feeding hopper can be lifted up and used when equipment moves.
  6. 6. The crawler-type branch-falling and crushing and returning device suitable for pear gardens according to claim 1, wherein the first crushing blade (601) and the second crushing blade (602) are installed on a blade fixing seat (603) in pairs, the blade fixing seat is rigidly connected with the blade shaft (604) to form an integrated cutting unit of a blade-fixing seat-cutter shaft, the integrated cutting unit flexibly changes blades of different types according to the hardness and the diameter of branches, centrifugal force when the blade shaft (604) rotates can be balanced in pairs and is installed in pairs to reduce vibration, the blade shaft (604) is fixed on a transmission chain end cover (504) through a cutter shaft bearing seat (605), a power input shaft (608) is independently supported by the transmission shaft bearing seat (607) to form a double bearing seat hierarchical supporting structure, coaxiality of the blade shaft (604) and the power input shaft (608) is ensured when the power input shaft rotates at a high speed, chain abrasion or blade deflection caused by shafting shake is avoided, the transmission chain (606) is a transmission part for connecting the blade shaft (604) and the power input shaft (608), the rigid support of the transmission shaft bearing seat (607) keeps tension degree when power is transmitted, the power is stably kept through the transmission chain bearing seat (607), and the power transmission chain (606) is in a power transmission path (610) is not matched with the power input shaft (608), and the power source (608) is in a power transmission flange) and the power transmission interface (608) is in a power transmission path.
  7. 7. The crawler-type branch-falling and crushing and returning device suitable for pear gardens according to claim 1 is characterized in that the hinged joint (701) is hinged with the transmission rod (702) and the connecting shaft housing (409), the hinged joint allows the transmission rod (702) to swing within a certain angle range, power or motion can be transmitted, axis deviation caused by vibration and installation errors in equipment operation can be compensated, components are prevented from being broken due to rigidity stress, one end of the auxiliary supporting rod (703) is connected with the transmission rod (702), the other end of the auxiliary supporting rod is connected with the connecting piece (706), the auxiliary supporting rod (703), the transmission rod (702) and the connecting piece (706) jointly form a triangular supporting structure, the cantilever beam (704) is fixed to the machine body housing (507) through a locking device (705) and the connecting piece (706), the installation position of the cantilever beam (704) can be adjusted according to requirements, the hinged joint (701) is connected with the transmission rod (702) to transmit power or motion of the connecting shaft housing (409), and the auxiliary supporting rod (703) and the cantilever beam (704) are used for being connected with the middle piece (706) to serve as a supporting hinge (507) to be integrated with the machine body housing (706).
  8. 8. The crawler-type branch-falling crushing and returning device for pear gardens according to claim 1, which is characterized by being used for crushing branches and leaves of garden orchards, and directly returning the crushed branches and leaves to the field after crushing the scattered branches and leaves generated by flower thinning and branch thinning in garden spring and vigorous pruning in summer.

Description

Crawler-type branch-falling smashing and returning device suitable for pear garden Technical Field The invention relates to the field of branch falling and sorting and branch crushing of orchards, in particular to a pear orchard, and the device integrates the functions of walking, crushing and returning to the field, is suitable for on-site treatment and resource utilization of waste branches after trimming of the orchards, and belongs to the field of mechanized and ecological cycle agricultural equipment of the orchards. Background Along with the development of the forest and fruit industry of China to scale and intensification, the management efficiency and ecological benefit of the orchard are increasingly emphasized. The winter pruning is a key link for guaranteeing the high yield and the high quality of the pear tree, but a large number of waste branches are generated in the process. These shoots are bulky, messy in morphology and hard in texture, and present a significant challenge to the subsequent cleaning work of the pear garden. At present, the treatment modes of the waste branches after trimming mainly comprise the following steps of collecting and carrying the branches outside the garden by relying on a great deal of manpower. The mode has the advantages of extremely high labor intensity, low efficiency and high cost. The piled branches not only occupy a large amount of land space, but also can become hotbeds for overwintering and breeding of diseases and insect pests, and the hotbeds are a threat to the health of the orchard in the next year. The second is open air incineration, which is a common treatment mode, but the drawbacks are very prominent. The incineration not only thoroughly wastes organic matters and nutrient elements contained in the branches, but also generates a great amount of smoke dust and harmful gas, seriously pollutes the atmosphere, endangers the health of human bodies and has potential safety hazard of causing fire. With the increasing tightening of environmental policies, this approach has been banned or severely restricted by regulations. The third is to transport the shoots to a specific biomass energy plant or composting plant. Although this approach achieves recycling, the additional transportation costs are high, and scattered branches may also affect the rural road environment during handling and transportation, with poor economy and convenience. At present, to above problem, relevant research is less, and CN202320242191.7 discloses a universal link of rotary cultivator, fixed case top installation mount of rotary cultivator, mount upper mounting speed reducer, mount tip and link subassembly rotate to be connected, and fixed case both sides symmetry installation of rotary cultivator keep off board and multi-functional subassembly, solved the technical problem that the traction frame produced deformation when the hilly land mass is ploughed, harrow. Said invention provides a crawler-type branch pulverizing and returning device, and provides a branch-falling pulverizing mode, and can provide power for two large systems of crawler-type running and high-speed pulverizing, in particular when the coarse or tough branches are encountered, the pulverizing system load can be greatly raised. Meanwhile, the existing crushing device transmission system is mainly rigidly connected, so that the conventional crushing device is difficult to adapt to terrain bump, the tensioning mechanism is complex or simple, and the structural layout is dispersed. The failure rate is high under the complex working condition, and the transmission parts are easy to damage. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a crawler type branch-falling smashing and returning device for a pear garden, which adopts a lengthened crawler and a pure mechanical spring tensioning mechanism and adopts a bilateral symmetrical tensioning wheel design. This makes the equipment be difficult for sagging, skidding or off tracking in the soft, moist and hillside topography in pear garden, and trafficability characteristic and stability are splendid. The core of the crushing system is an adjustable feeding mechanism and dynamic balance crushing cutter groups which are arranged in pairs. The design optimizes the fiber characteristics of pear branches, can crush the branches into small particles efficiently and uniformly, and is stable in operation and small in abrasion. The returning system realizes crushing and returning to the field. The crushed wood dust is directly and uniformly thrown on the soil surface to be used as high-quality organic matter to cover and return to the field, so that the soil structure can be improved, the water and fertilizer retention capacity can be enhanced, and the use of chemical fertilizers can be reduced. The present invention achieves the above technical object by the following means. A crawler-type branch-falling smashing and returning device fo