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CN-121986678-A - Organic greenhouse strawberry pest cooperative prevention and control method based on deposit plant system

CN121986678ACN 121986678 ACN121986678 ACN 121986678ACN-121986678-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cooperatively preventing and controlling strawberry pests in an organic greenhouse based on a deposit plant system, and belongs to the field of biological prevention and control of agricultural organic planting. The present invention uses the small-sized daisy as the only core saving plant for attracting and bearing the prey and the natural enemy, the prey is the pure population of the small-sized chrysanthemum and the long-sized pipe aphid artificially inoculated on the small-sized daisy as the exclusive food source of the natural enemy, and the natural enemy comprises three kinds of insects of ladybug, orius floridum and lygus lucorum, and the three kinds of insects are cooperated to proliferate to form a composite natural enemy community, so that the natural enemy is directionally diffused to the strawberry plant and the pests are prevented and controlled.

Inventors

  • Di ning
  • WANG SU
  • XU QINGXUAN

Assignees

  • 北京市农林科学院

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260408

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The organic greenhouse strawberry pest cooperative prevention and control method based on the deposit plant system is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step S1, building a saving plant system in a strawberry planting area before strawberry field planting; step S11, culturing young daisy seedlings serving as deposit plants; S12, planting young daisy seedlings in young daisy seedling pots in a strawberry planting area, inoculating young daisy seedlings to a young chrysanthemum tube aphid serving as a prey after the young daisy seedlings survive, and culturing, wherein the inoculation position comprises young shoots of the surviving young daisy plants and the back surfaces of upper leaves; S13, inoculating and culturing insects serving as natural enemies after the population density of the long tube aphids reaches the target prey density, wherein the insects comprise ladybug, orius floridum and lygus lucorum, the inoculation positions of the ladybug, orius floridum and lygus lucorum respectively comprise the lower leaf position, the in-flower position and the upper leaf position of the small daisy plant, and a storage plant system is successfully established after the population density of the insects reaches the target natural enemy density; and S2, after the deposit plant system is successfully established, strawberry field planting is carried out in the strawberry planting area, and the target pests for prevention and control comprise strawberry aphids, thrips and spider mites.
  2. 2. The method for collaborative prevention and control of organic greenhouse strawberry pests according to claim 1, wherein step S11 includes: The method comprises the steps of immersing seeds of the small daisy in warm water and sterilizing, sowing the seeds in an organic matrix, wherein the sowing depth is 0.5-1cm, the water content of the organic matrix is 60% -70% at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, ventilation is carried out for 2-3 times a day and 30-60 minutes each time in the cultivation process, the cultivation is carried out for 25-30 days to 4-6 leaf periods, the height of a screening plant is 8-12cm, the stem thickness is more than or equal to 0.3cm, the weak light resistance is more than or equal to 1500lx, the resistance is Gao Wen ℃, and the low temperature is more than or equal to 8 ℃ of the pest and disease free seedlings are resistant.
  3. 3. The method for synergistic prevention and control of strawberry pests in organic greenhouses according to claim 2, wherein said small daisy seeds are selected from the species "spilanthes huperzia" or "pearl powder".
  4. 4. The method for collaborative prevention and control of organic greenhouse strawberry pests according to claim 1, wherein the inoculation parameters of the myzus chrysanthemi comprise: Planting young daisy seedlings in young daisy seedling pot in strawberry planting area, and after the survival rate is greater than or equal to 95%, inoculating young chrysanthemum tube aphid with writing brush coating method, inoculating young chrysanthemum tube aphid to tender tip of young daisy plant and back of 2-3 leaves on upper part, inoculating wing-free parthenogenetic green embryo aphid with insect state of 3-4 years, and inoculating 30 heads/plant; the propagation parameters of the myzus persicae comprise: The breeding environment of the myzus persicae is controlled to be at 22-26 ℃, the day and night temperature difference is less than or equal to 2 ℃, the relative humidity is 50% -60%, the illumination period is 14h, the illumination is 10h dark, the illumination intensity is 2000-3000lx, the myzus persicae is cultured for 10-15 days until the population density is 200-300, and the wingless aphid accounts for more than or equal to 90%.
  5. 5. The method for collaborative prevention and control of organic greenhouse strawberry pests according to claim 1, wherein the configuration and inoculation parameters of the insects include: the ladybug is at least one of a seven-star ladybug and a heterodera sinensis, and the inoculation state is that the female adult ladybug is mated with the initial emergence; the orius parviflora is orius parviflora in east asia, and the inoculation insect state is female adults mated within 7 days of eclosion; The inoculation insect state of the lygus lucorum is mating female adults within 5 days of emergence; The inoculation proportion is ladybug, orius parviflora and lygus fumosorosa=1:2:1, the total inoculation amount is 12 heads/plant, and the insect bodies are healthy individuals without pesticide contact history; When the inoculation time is that the population density of the myzus persicae reaches 200-300 heads/plant, the inoculation time is 9:00-11:00 am, the greenhouse wind power is less than or equal to 1 grade, and the temperature is less than or equal to 25 ℃; the method for inoculating insects serving as natural enemies after the population density of the myzus chrysanthemi reaches the target prey density and culturing the insects comprises the following steps of: When the population density of the myzus persicae reaches 200-300 heads/plant, three insects serving as natural enemies are inoculated, the greenhouse environment is regulated and controlled to be at 20-25 ℃ and the humidity is 45-55%, 10% of organic sucrose water is sprayed 1 time in the morning every 7 days, each plant is 5-10mL, the insects are prevented from being contacted, the population density of the three insects reaches 40-50 heads/plant after being cultured for 14 days, and the nymph ratio is more than or equal to 60%.
  6. 6. The method for collaborative prevention and control of strawberry pests in an organic greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, a set of deposit plant systems is placed in each five-furrow strawberry, and the deposit plant systems are placed in a staggered manner; The young daisy seedlings are planted in young daisy seedling pot on the ridge, the temperature of strawberry in fruiting period is regulated to 23-28 deg.c in daytime, 12-15 deg.c in night, and humidity is 40-50%.
  7. 7. The method for collaborative prevention and control of organic greenhouse strawberry pests according to claim 1, wherein step S2 comprises: s21, the natural enemy population needs to be stably proliferated during strawberry field planting, and the number ratio of the natural enemy to the prey is 1:5-1:8; S22, when the population density of the three insects reaches 40-50 heads/plant, natural enemies are naturally diffused to strawberry plants, and the diffusion period is 3-5 days; S23, sampling and monitoring every 14 days after natural diffusion of natural enemies is finished, investigating 2 strawberry strains and 1 young daisy strains, recording population densities of target pests and natural enemies, when the population densities of the target pests on the strawberry strains are less than or equal to 3 heads/plant strain, spraying 10% organic sucrose water 1 time in the morning every 7 days to 10% organic sucrose water 1 time in the morning every 15 days, and regulating 5-10mL of each plant, when the population densities of the target pests on the strawberry strains are more than or equal to 20 heads/plant strain, supplementing natural enemies with 50-80% initial inoculation amount or increasing the number of stored plants by 1.2-1.5 times, and when the population densities of the young pipe aphids on the young daisy strains are less than or equal to 30 heads/plant strain, supplementing and inoculating 10-15 heads/plant young pipe aphids.
  8. 8. The method for collaborative prevention and control of organic greenhouse strawberry pests according to claim 7, wherein step S2 further comprises: s24, periodically removing the weak plants, the dead branches and the fallen leaves of the strawberries and the young daisy, and building a heat preservation layer when the temperature of a greenhouse is less than or equal to 8 ℃, maintaining the temperature in the greenhouse of a strawberry planting area to be 10-15 ℃, and covering a sunshade net with 30-50% sunshade rate when the temperature is more than or equal to 35 ℃.
  9. 9. The method for cooperatively preventing and controlling strawberry pests in an organic greenhouse according to claim 7, wherein the prevention and control effect is required to meet the set prevention and control standard, wherein the prevention and control standard is that the population reduction rate of aphids, thrips and spider mites on strawberries is more than or equal to 90% and strawberry fruits are not damaged by insects 30 days after strawberry field planting in the step S2.
  10. 10. The method for collaborative prevention and control of organic greenhouse strawberry pests according to claim 1, wherein the planting density of the organic greenhouse strawberries is 6000-10000 plants/mu, the row spacing is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 15cm.

Description

Organic greenhouse strawberry pest cooperative prevention and control method based on deposit plant system Technical Field The invention relates to a method for cooperatively preventing and controlling strawberry pests in an organic greenhouse based on a deposit plant system, and belongs to the field of biological prevention and control of agricultural organic planting. Background The application of the saving plant system which is commonly used at present and takes saving plants, preys and single natural enemies as cores in biological control aims at cultivating alternative preys through specific plants so as to specifically maintain the population of a certain natural enemy (such as single ladybug or parasitic wasp species) and realize the suppression of target pests. However, the stability of the proliferation mode of the single natural enemy is relatively low, once the single natural enemy population is subjected to factors such as abnormal climate or accidental pesticide exposure, the single natural enemy population is easy to decline, the stored plant system is invalid, and the slow recovery is realized, so that the buffer can not be formed by complementation of multiple natural enemies like a natural ecological system. The field pest community often comprises a plurality of kinds of pests with outbreak at different times, and a single natural enemy is generally only effective for the pests of a specific kind or a specific life stage, and cannot cope with the compound type pest problem, so that the control range is narrow, and the practical value and popularization potential of the field pest community when dealing with the changeable pest pressure in the field are restricted. In the strawberry planting process in the organic greenhouse, chemical pesticides are strictly forbidden, so that the damage of aphids (green house aphids, cotton aphids), thrips, spider mites and other pests frequently occurs, strawberry juice is sucked to cause weak plant vigor and fruit deformity, virus diseases are transmitted, and the yield and quality of the strawberries are seriously reduced. The current organic strawberry pest control is mostly dependent on single natural enemy release or physical control, has obvious limitations that the single natural enemy control range is narrow, multiple pests are difficult to synchronously cope with, natural enemy release time is not matched with the pest occurrence period, natural enemy hysteresis is easy to occur, natural enemy populations are difficult to naturally maintain in a greenhouse closed environment, repeated supplement release is needed, planting cost is increased, the traditional saving plant system is mostly aimed at single pests of single crops, and the special environment of an organic greenhouse and the synergistic control requirement of multiple pests of strawberries are not adapted, so that the system is difficult to directly apply. The deposit plant system realizes the pre-proliferation and sustained release of natural enemies by constructing a food chain of deposit plants, prey and natural enemies, is an efficient biological control technology in organic planting, and is particularly suitable for green control of greenhouse crop pests. However, in the prior art, the selection of deposit plants lacks suitability for the strawberry greenhouse environment, and the matching of prey and natural enemies does not consider the prevention and control of various pests of strawberries, so that the prevention and control effects in the strawberries in the organic greenhouse are unstable and the popularization difficulty is high. The greatest risk of current common deposit plant system applications is that the deposit plant itself may become the source of new pests and if improperly managed, the phytophagous insects (prey) naturally attracted to the deposit plant may change from "feed" to "disaster" and attack the main crop. For example, persian chrysanthemums are commonly used as deposit plants, which are very attractive to thrips and can cause damage to the thrips by mass-reproduction and transfer to greenhouse crops. Therefore, there is a need to construct a saving plant system which is suitable for an organic greenhouse environment, can synchronously prevent and control multiple pests of strawberries and meets organic standards. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide an organic greenhouse strawberry pest cooperative prevention and control method based on a saving plant system, wherein the saving plant system consists of small daisy serving as saving plants, small long tube aphids serving as prey and insects serving as natural enemies; the propagation process of the prey is that a pure population of the myzus persicae artificially inoculated on the young daisy is used as a special food source of insects, and the propagation elements of the natural enemy comprise three insects of ladybug, orius parvius and lygus lucorum, and the three insects are cooperate