CN-121986685-A - Karst artificial forest heterogeneous habitat coupling regulation and control and weathering-promoting near-natural restoration method

Abstract

The invention discloses a karst artificial forest heterogeneous habitat coupling regulation and control and weather-promoting near-natural restoration method. According to the method, firstly, an artificial forest region which grows slowly in a karst stony desertification region is divided into a soil micro-habitat and a stony micro-habitat. In the soil micro-habitat, a vegetation efficient growth system for optimizing complementary multi-source nutrient supply by constructing a vertical structure of 'leguminous arbor-herb-microorganism', and in the stone micro-habitat, a rock weathering and rapid plant planting system of 'pioneer-moss-karst bacteria', wherein a moss layer is constructed by 'matrix-adhesive-moss'. According to the invention, through the regulation and control of key nodes of plants and microbial networks, the biochemical weathering of karst carbonate rock is accelerated, the utilization capability of plants to rock source nutrients is obviously enhanced, the problem that the stability of artificial forests is restricted due to the lack of water and soil resources in karst regions is solved, and the smooth succession of the artificial forests ecological system which grows slowly to a near-natural community is promoted.

Inventors

• HU PEILEI
• ZHANG WEI
• WANG KELIN
• XIAO JUN
• XIAO DAN
• WU HANQING

Assignees

• 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所

Dates

Publication Date

20260508

Application Date

20260126

Claims (10)

1. 1. A karst artificial forest heterogeneous habitat coupling regulation and control and weathering-promoting near-natural restoration method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1, identifying the heterogeneity of a habitat, namely dividing a target treatment unit into a soil micro-habitat and a stone micro-habitat according to exposure characteristics of bedrock under a forest; S2, restoring the soil micro-habitat by constructing a vertical biological network of arbor-plant-microorganism, and restoring the stone micro-habitat by weathering promotion and pioneer plant field planting treatment.
2. 2. The near-natural restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the habitat heterogeneity is identified as S1, wherein in the under-forest bedrock exposure characteristics of the target abatement unit, the region with continuous soil area equal to or greater than 1m 2 and soil layer thickness equal to or greater than 15 cm is identified as a soil micro-habitat, the region with bedrock exposure ratio equal to or greater than 80%, soil layer thickness equal to or less than 10 cm, and continuous soil area <0.25 m 2 in the target abatement unit is identified as a stone micro-habitat.
3. 3. The near natural restoring method according to claim 1, wherein the S2 arbor-plant-microorganism restoring process is to fix the leguminous arbor-Acacia and nitrogen-fixing herb round leaf-Jute in the space of the woodland micro-habitat and to inoculate the composite microbial inoculum containing rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi simultaneously.
4. 4. The method for near natural restoration according to claim 3, wherein said acacia is planted in a hole-like supplementary planting mode in the gaps between adjacent original artificial forest plants, strong seedlings with a seedling height of 50-80 cm are selected, and said round leaf is planted in a drill or hole between acacia rows.
5. 5. The near-natural restoration method according to claim 3, wherein the effective viable count of the composite microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 2X 10 8 CFU/g, and when in inoculation, the microbial inoculum and fine soil are mixed according to the proportion of 1:50 and then act on the periphery of plant root systems, and the hypha network is utilized to guide the root systems to develop to underground or rock cracks.
6. 6. The near natural repair method according to claim 5, wherein the composite microbial inoculum comprises rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a mass ratio of 1:1.
7. 7. The near natural repair method of claim 1, wherein S2 is subjected to weathering and pioneer plant colonization by constructing a "pioneer woody-moss-karst bacteria" biological network.
8. 8. The near-natural restoration method according to claim 7, wherein the construction method of the biological network of the pioneer-moss-karst bacteria is that the pioneer firethorns or the paper mulberry are planted in exposed bedrock fissures or rock joint soil, moss layers are constructed on the surface of bare rock by adopting matrix-adhesive-moss treatment, and carbonate weathering promotion bacteria containing the karst bacteria pseudomonas are inoculated synchronously to promote carbonate weathering.
9. 9. The near natural restoration method according to claim 7, wherein the construction method of the moss layer of matrix-adhesive-moss is that firstly, a local surface soil matrix with the thickness of 1 cm is paved on the surface of exposed bedrock, then, an adhesive with the thickness of 1:1 cm, which is formed by mixing biological carbon powder and clear water according to the mass ratio of 1:10, is covered, and finally, crushed local dominant stone moss is broadcast.
10. 10. The near-natural restoration method according to claim 7, wherein the concentration of the pseudomonas viable bacteria in the carbonate rock weathering promoter is more than 1×10 9 CFU/mL, and the carbonate rock weathering promoter is diluted according to the ratio of 1:500 and then sprayed to moss layers and rock cracks twice in spring and autumn when applied, and organic acid and carbonic anhydrase generated by metabolism of the carbonate rock weathering promoter are utilized to promote carbonate rock weathering and induce root systems to grow to the rock cracks.

Description

Karst artificial forest heterogeneous habitat coupling regulation and control and weathering-promoting near-natural restoration method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration and forestry, and particularly relates to a karst artificial forest heterogeneous habitat coupling regulation and control and rock-weathering-promoting near-natural restoration method. Background Currently, artificial forestation has become a mainstream mode of karst vegetation recovery by virtue of its environmental adaptability and social popularization. However, the karst region presents typical characteristics of more stones, less soil and less water and soil, and the existing artificial forest is accompanied with a great amount of soil moisture and nutrient loss in the growth process, so that the ecological system has poor stability and slow succession, and even the phenomenon of large-area forestation is caused. The single artificial forest structure often shows extremely low resistance and restoring force when facing extreme climates such as karst drought. Therefore, there is a need to further enhance sustainable management of existing artificial forests, break through the manual intervention technology of water and nutrient guarantee supply, and promote stability and sustainability of the artificial forests. Our earlier studies found that karst surface soil has limited contribution to surface vegetation, indicating that it is difficult to support continued growth of the ecosystem by only relying on shallow soil layers, and the subsurface structure of the critical zone plays a more important role with rock nutrients. Karst carbonate rock is used as sedimentary rock, contains mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, apatite and the like, and has a weathering dissolution rate far higher than other rock types. If the method can effectively drive the carbonate rock to be weathered and dissolved and release nutrients, the method is favorable for overcoming the defect of insufficient total nutrient content of soil. However, the prior art focuses on surface vegetation coverage, and lacks deep intervention on critical nutrient-carrying supplies, and in particular, the technical means for enhancing the vegetation's ability to utilize rock-derived nutrients is still immature. In addition, existing repair modes tend to ignore complex heterohabitats in karst forests. In the soil habitat, the optimized complementary design aiming at the three-dimensional vertical structure of the arbor-herbal-microorganism is lacking, the biological nitrogen fixation potential of the arbor of the leguminous family (such as the acacia senegal, leucaena leucocephala) and the nitrogen fixation herb (such as the concha haliotidis, CHAMAECRISTA ROTUNDIFOLIA) is not fully utilized, and the shortage of attention is paid to the mediating effect of rhizosphere microorganisms (such as rhizobium and mycorrhizal fungi) in connecting plants with bedrock and promoting nutrient circulation. In stone habitats, how to realize vegetation fixation aiming at bare bedrock is still a technical blank. The traditional treatment means are difficult to cooperatively exert the impoverishment-resistant viability of pioneer woody plants (such as firethorns, PYRACANTHA FORTUNEANA; broussonetia papyrifera, broussonetia papyrifera), the water absorption and conservation capacity of moss layers and the weathering promotion effect of karst bacteria (such as Pseudomonas), so that the ecological restoration efficiency of stone habitats is low, and a self-maintained near-natural succession network is difficult to form. Disclosure of Invention Based on the analysis, the invention provides a coupling regulation and control and weathering-promoting near-natural restoration method for artificial forest heterogeneous habitat in a karst stony desertification region, aiming at the technical bottlenecks of poor ecological system stability, succession arrest, low forestation survival rate and the like caused by 'more stones and less soil and strong water and soil resource heterogeneity' of the artificial forest in the karst stony desertification region. By accurately dividing soil and stone micro-habitats, a plant network node taking nitrogen fixation Qiao Cao, barren-resistant pioneer woods and mosses as cores is constructed, and a high-efficiency microbial agent is coupled to accelerate matrix weathering and nutrient release. The technology not only enhances the acquisition capability of vegetation to key zone nutrients (including biological nitrogen fixation, rock source nitrogen and phosphorus, and the like and soil nutrients), but also optimizes the three-dimensional vertical structure of the forest from the system level, and provides a scientific integration scheme for improving the stability of karst artificial forests and promoting the near natural succession of the karst artificial forests. Realizing the release of bedrock mineral nutrient and the effic