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CN-121986691-A - Lodging-resistant direct seeding and fertilizer optimizing application method for ratooning rice

CN121986691ACN 121986691 ACN121986691 ACN 121986691ACN-121986691-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for lodging-resistant direct seeding of ratooning rice and optimal fertilizer application, which comprises the steps of sowing rows with a spacing of 22 cm-28 cm and holes with a spacing of 14 cm-16 cm, sowing 3-5 grains in each hole, synchronously forming drainage ditches among rows and seed grooves on the rows, keeping soil moist after sowing, keeping the field surface free of water layers, adopting light dry-wet alternate treatment after the head Ji Jimiao, re-watering after the field is sunned in the full-season stage of tillering until the soil cracks, cutting off water 15 days after the spike alignment, carrying out light dry-wet alternate treatment after the fertilizer regeneration of Ji Di seedlings, and the like. The invention solves the problems that the annual production of the ratooning rice is not covered, the nitrogen operation strategy of head reduction and regeneration is lacking, the special water fertilizer management of the silicon-free fertilizer and the ratooning rice is matched with agricultural guidance in the prior art, can obviously improve the lodging resistance of the ratooning rice during direct seeding, and obviously improves the annual rice yield of the ratooning rice during direct seeding.

Inventors

  • ZHANG ZUOLIN
  • LI YANG
  • WANG BENFU
  • CHENG JIANPING
  • ZHANG ZHISHENG
  • WANG JUGUANG
  • LI YAWEI
  • ZHENG LINNA
  • XIE YI

Assignees

  • 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260203

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A method for lodging-resistant direct seeding and fertilizer optimization application of ratoons, comprising: The precision hole direct seeding, wherein the seeding quantity is 2.5 kg/mu to 4.5 kg/mu, the seeding row spacing is 22 cm to 28 cm, the hole spacing is 14 cm to 16 cm, 3 to 5 seeds are sowed in each hole, and a drainage ditch between rows and a seed groove on the row are formed synchronously; Moisture management, namely keeping soil moist after sowing, keeping a field surface water-free layer and a ditch water, adopting light dry-wet alternate treatment after a head Ji Jimiao, re-watering after the field is sunned to the soil crack in the tillering full period in the head season, cutting off water 15 days after ear alignment, and carrying out light dry-wet alternate treatment after Ji Di seedling fertilizer regeneration; when the ditch naturally falls dry and is free of water, water is refilled, the depth of a water layer is 2 cm-3 cm, and water is refilled after water is free again; The fertilizer management comprises the steps of using total nitrogen fertilizer applied in the first season in base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer to phosphate fertilizer to potash fertilizer is 1:0.4-0.6:0.6:0.6-0.8, using total nitrogen fertilizer applied in the regeneration season in bud promoting fertilizer and seedling fertilizer, and adding potash fertilizer into the seedling fertilizer; Wherein the mass ratio of the total nitrogenous fertilizer applied in the first season to the total nitrogenous fertilizer applied in the regeneration season is (11-13) to (8-10); the pure nitrogen consumption applied in the first season is 11 kg/mu to 13 kg/mu.
  2. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the seeding rate is 2.5 kg/mu and the mass ratio of total nitrogen fertilizer applied in the first season to total nitrogen fertilizer applied in the regeneration season is 4:3.
  3. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the nitrogenous fertilizer in the base fertilizer to the nitrogenous fertilizer in the tillering fertilizer to the nitrogenous fertilizer in the ear fertilizer is 30:35:35, and the mass ratio of the nitrogenous fertilizer in the bud-promoting fertilizer to the nitrogenous fertilizer in the seedling raising fertilizer is 50:50.
  4. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a silicon fertilizer is added to the tillering fertilizer and the seedling raising fertilizer, wherein the silicon fertilizer is any one or more than two of a silicon nitrogen fertilizer, a silicate activating agent and a temperature control agent, and the mass of silicon element in the tillering fertilizer and the seedling raising fertilizer accounts for 5% -10% of the total nitrogen mass.
  5. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the nitrogenous fertilizer in the tillering and seedling raising fertilizers is a slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer.
  6. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is a nitrification inhibitor slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, and potassium oxide is also applied to the seedling raising fertilizer at a rate of 4.5 kg/mu.
  7. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the precision hole direct seeding is performed by adopting a precision hole direct seeding machine, 8 rows to 10 rows are operated at a time, and a row drainage ditch and a row seed groove are formed synchronously during seeding.
  8. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sowing amount is 2.5 kg/mu of hybrid rice or 4.5 kg/mu of conventional rice.
  9. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising selecting rice varieties with a growth period of 110-130 days, cold resistance, lodging resistance and strong regeneration power, irrigating and rotary tillage before sowing, harrowing and leveling before sowing, and accelerating germination until the height difference of the field is less than or equal to 3cm after seed sunning, liquid medicine soaking and clear water seed soaking, and dressing the seeds with a special seed dressing agent for rice.
  10. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the stubble height is based on She Zhengao degrees of two-leaf plants when harvesting in the first season, and the prevention and control of the grass damage in the regeneration season adopts strategies of closing after sowing, applying the pesticide in the seedling stage and supplementing the pesticide in the later stage.

Description

Lodging-resistant direct seeding and fertilizer optimizing application method for ratooning rice Technical Field The invention relates to a planting method for lodging-resistant ratoon rice, in particular to a method for lodging-resistant direct seeding of ratoon rice and optimal application of fertilizer. Background In recent years, with the progress of the breeding and cultivation management technology of special varieties, annual yield of the rice per mu is steadily improved to more than 1000 kg. Although the mode has the advantages of good economic benefit, high resource utilization efficiency, sustainable environment and the like, more labor force and production data still need to be input by adopting the traditional transplanting and mechanical transplanting modes, and the further improvement of the grain yield benefit of the ratoons is not facilitated. The direct seeding technique is used for planting the rice, and is an important way for the rice to develop to a light and simplified way and improve the planting benefit. At present, most of field management technologies for direct seeding of the ratoons rely on transplanting of ratoons and direct seeding of single-cropping rice, are not matched with group characteristics and fertilizer and water demand characteristics of the ratoons during direct seeding, influence the stability of yield in the ratoons and increase the risk of lodging in the first season. In the ratoon rice, lodging occurs in the first season and seriously affects the germination and growth of the ratoon bud in the second season, and seriously reduces the yield in the second season and even is in absolute harvest. Therefore, the improvement of the lodging resistance of the ratooning rice during direct seeding is a key for annual stable yield and high yield. The core design concept of the prior document 1 (chinese patent application publication No. CN117958092 a) is constructed completely around the continuous cropping mode of double cropping rice (early rice-late rice), and the systematic deficiency is exposed when facing the unique annual production system of the ratoon rice (first season-regeneration season). The most fundamental defect of the method is that a set of systematic fertilizer and water regulation mechanism suitable for the cooperative realization of the 'first season high yield and lodging resistance' and the 'high efficiency germination and spike formation' of the regenerative rice cannot be established. The scheme is general in three fertilization methods of base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer, lacks key consideration of nutrition distribution and physiological engagement between the first season and the regeneration season, and especially fails to construct a special fertilizer operation strategy of 'first reduction and re-increase, nitrogen fertilizer backward movement and silicon fertilizer application'. Therefore, the method can not accurately reduce the nitrogen fertilizer consumption in the first season by 20% to avoid plant overgrowth and promote root system downward pricking, and simultaneously scientifically transfers the nutrients to the regeneration season, and strongly promotes the germination and growth of the regeneration buds by increasing the nitrogen fertilizer input by 20%, so that the nitrogen utilization efficiency is optimized on a annual scale and balanced high yield is realized. Secondly, the prior proposal has obvious blank in the technical links of specifically supporting lodging resistance and promoting regeneration. For example, there is no mention in fertilizer management of the key measure of applying silicon fertilizer, and silicon element is important for enhancing cell wall strength and remarkably improving mechanical properties of stems to resist lodging. Meanwhile, the water management adopts the conventional modes of wetting emergence, shallow water tillering promotion, field sunning seedling control and dry-wet alternate grouting, and the special modes of front wetting (seedling promotion), middle sunning (tillering control and root strengthening), rear cutting (ripening promotion) and integral dry-wet (root nourishing and bud promotion) designed aiming at the root development and bud protection of the regenerative rice cannot be embodied. More importantly, the scheme is completely lack of special configuration and application timing guidance of 'sprouting fertilizer' and 'seedling lifting fertilizer' aiming at the regeneration season, so that the potential of low-level dormant regeneration buds is difficult to be activated effectively, and weak seedlings and few spikes of the regeneration season are caused. Finally, the patent is also not specifically directed to the elaborate agronomic operations that are to be matched. The precision hole direct seeding parameters (such as row spacing of 25 cm) are helpful for constructing reasonable first season groups, but the specific optimization effect of the specifica