CN-121986692-A - Direct seeding planting method for rice covered with double-layer film

CN121986692ACN 121986692 ACN121986692 ACN 121986692ACN-121986692-A

Abstract

The invention provides a direct seeding planting method of a double-layer film covered rice, which belongs to the technical field of rice planting and comprises the steps of S1, pretreatment of a rice field, S2, laying of the double-layer film, S3, direct seeding planting of the rice, S4, field management, S5, residual film treatment, wherein the double-layer film consists of a lower soil moisture conservation and grass inhibition film and an upper heat preservation and soil moisture conservation and grass inhibition film, a functional interlayer formed by soil is arranged in the middle of the double-layer film, pesticides and fertilizers can be added to reduce fertilizer and pesticide loss, settling time for a plurality of days is saved after pulping of a soaked field, the lower-layer film blocks basal fertilizer from firing and distributes nutrients according to a growth stage, the upper-layer film is split and matched with a rice tillering stage to realize precise topdressing, and the double-layer film is a full-biodegradable mulch film, and the soil residual film quantity is less than or equal to 0.5g/m < 2 >. Compared with direct seeding without a film, the invention can save more water, reduce fertilizer cost and realize yield increase, can resist low-temperature cold injury, is suitable for various planting scenes, and meets the requirement of green planting.

Inventors

Ran Jinhui
PAN WENJUN
XU YOUWEI
QIU RUI
XU YOULI
JIA JUN

Assignees

安徽禾睿丰生物科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260225

Claims (10)

1. The double-layer film water direct seeding planting method for the rice is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Step S1, preprocessing a paddy field, and performing soil arrangement and base fertilizer application on planting plots; step S2, paving a double-layer film, paving a lower-layer film, a soil functional interlayer and an upper-layer film on the pretreated paddy field in sequence, and finishing film body fixation to construct a double-layer film composite structure; Step S3, paddy rice is planted in a direct seeding mode, punching and seeding are carried out on the paved double-layer film, punching operation is carried out on the upper-layer film only, the lower-layer film is free from punching, and the lower-layer film is pricked through by means of natural growth of a paddy rice root system; Step S4, field management, moisture management, additional fertilizer and pest control are carried out; And S5, residual film treatment, combining manual auxiliary ploughing by depending on the full-biodegradation characteristic of the double-layer film.
2. The paddy rice double-layer film water direct seeding planting method according to claim 1, wherein, In the step S1, the field soaking and pulping operation is carried out after finishing the land arrangement and the base fertilizer application, and the field soaking and pulping step is finished and then directly enters the double-layer film laying step, so that the sedimentation is avoided.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step S2 comprises: Step S21, paving a lower film which is a full-biodegradable agricultural mulching film with the thickness of 0.004-0.01 mm, Step S22, applying soil on the upper part of the lower layer film paved in the step S22 to form a functional interlayer, wherein the thickness of the functional interlayer is set to be 0.3-2 cm; Step S23, paving an upper layer film above the functional interlayer paved in the step S23, wherein the upper layer film is a full-biodegradable agricultural mulching film with the thickness of 0.008-0.01 mm; step S24, compacting the edges of the upper layer film and the lower layer film by soil, wherein the compacting width is 5-10 cm The natural degradation period of the lower layer film is shorter than that of the upper layer film.
4. The paddy rice double-layer film water direct seeding planting method according to claim 3, wherein the raw materials of the lower layer film and the upper layer film comprise polylactic acid and polybutylene terephthalate-adipate; the lower layer film and the upper layer film are black in color; The degradation period of the lower layer film in the natural environment is 7 to 60 days; the degradation period of the upper layer film in the natural environment is 90 to 120 days.
5. The paddy rice double-layer film water direct seeding planting method according to claim 3, wherein, The functional interlayer material in the step S23 is soil or modified rice seedling raising matrix after rotary tillage, The distance between the upper layer film and the lower layer film is 0.5-2 cm, and according to the occurrence condition of plant diseases and insect pests in the rice seedling stage, the plant diseases and insect pests pesticides are sprayed in the functional interlayer as required.
6. The paddy rice double-layer film water direct seeding planting method according to claim 1, wherein, In the step S3, a film puncher or a manual work is adopted to punch the upper layer film surface, the punched hole diameter is 3-5 cm, and the hole spacing is Soaking rice seeds for 24-36 h before sowing, wherein the soaking temperature is less than or equal to 35 ℃, 4-5 rice seeds after germination are scattered into each hole, and the holes are sealed by using mud after sowing is completed; if the water content of the upper layer film surface is too small and the perforation aperture is too small after sowing, the emergence rate is low, the upper layer film surface is covered with thin water, and the orifice film is fully removed.
7. The paddy rice double-layer film water direct seeding planting method according to claim 1, wherein, The field management in the step S4 comprises moisture management, wherein the moisture management adopts a moist cultivation mode, the soil is always kept moist and the film surface is in a non-water state, when the ambient air temperature is higher than 35 ℃, the soil temperature is reduced by water feeding to the field, and after the rice enters a grouting period, large water is fed, so that the moisture requirement of grain grouting is met.
8. The paddy rice double-layer film water direct seeding planting method according to claim 1, wherein, The field management in the step S4 further comprises additional fertilizer management, wherein the additional fertilizer management is accurately matched with the natural mechanical cracking characteristics of the double-layer film and the rice growth period, the natural mechanical cracking time of the upper-layer film is matched with the rice tillering period, urea is applied by watering, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied by the rice in the jointing period, the booting period and the grouting period, and the additional fertilizer in the tillering period and the booting period is controlled to be 10-15cm in field water level height by adopting a field soaking mode until the water level naturally drops to the upper-layer film surface.
9. The paddy rice double-layer film water direct seeding planting method according to claim 1, wherein, The field management in the step S4 comprises pest control, wherein the pest control adopts a biological pesticide control mode, the selected biological pesticide is matrine aqua, the matrine aqua is diluted according to dilution multiple of 800-1000 times before use, and the matrine aqua is uniformly sprayed on the surface of rice plants in a spraying mode after dilution, and the spraying frequency of the whole growth period is 2-3 times.
10. The paddy rice double-layer film water direct seeding planting method according to claim 1, wherein, In the step S5, after the rice is ripe and harvested, the double-layer film is automatically degraded in natural environment, the complete degradation time is not more than 120 days, and in order to accelerate the degradation speed, the residual film is turned into soil along with the rice field turning operation after the rice is harvested, and finally the double-layer film is completely decomposed and fused into the soil without residues, and the residual film quantity in the soil is less than or equal to 0.5g/m < 2 >.

Description

Direct seeding planting method for rice covered with double-layer film Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and particularly relates to a direct seeding planting method of rice covered with a double-layer film. Background The existing paddy rice direct seeding planting mainly adopts a planting mode without film covering, and has the following defects: (1) The heat preservation and soil moisture preservation effects are limited, the temperature requirement (more than or equal to 15 ℃ needed) of the rice in the tillering stage cannot be met in low-temperature areas (such as northern rice areas) without covering films, the water evaporation rate is as high as 30% -40%, and the water saving effect is poor. (2) The weeding is incomplete, a large amount of herbicide (the dosage is more than or equal to 200 ml/mu) is required to be sprayed, and the green authentication requirement is difficult to meet. Or weeding is performed by flooding and manual weeding, the cost is high, and the weeding is not thorough. (3) The degradation residue problem is that the degradation period of the traditional polyethylene film exceeds 1000 days, and the accumulation of the residual film causes soil hardening to affect the subsequent planting. (4) Direct seeding without film covering is greatly affected by cold in the back spring, which causes frozen seedlings and reduced yield. Currently, the relevant prior art is: The prior Chinese patent document with publication number of CN114521458A discloses a biodegradable compostable rice film-covering planting method, which adopts a biodegradable film for film-covering planting, combines mechanical film-covering planting, film-covering triangle planting and film-covering direct seeding methods, controls film thickness and degradation time through field management such as water quantity management and weeding management, and promotes rice growth and yield. However, on one hand, the single-layer film technology adopted by the method has higher requirements on planting environment conditions, on the other hand, the technology relies on water quantity management to save water, but does not solve the problem of high evaporation rate, and the technical characteristics of manual weeding in a foliar stage can not well solve the technical problems of high weeding cost and poor effect. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a double-layer film water direct seeding planting method for rice, which is used for realizing the effects of water conservation, fertilizer conservation, temperature increase, heat preservation, green weeding, full degradation and no residue, shortening the growth period of rice, improving the yield, adapting to various planting scenes such as northern cold areas, southern water conservation and the like, and providing a new mode for green cultivation of rice. The invention provides a paddy rice double-layer film water direct seeding planting method which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Step S1, preprocessing a paddy field, and performing soil arrangement and base fertilizer application on planting plots; step S2, paving a double-layer film, paving a lower-layer film, a soil functional interlayer and an upper-layer film on the pretreated paddy field in sequence, and finishing film body fixation to construct a double-layer film composite structure; Step S3, paddy rice is planted in a direct seeding mode, punching and seeding are carried out on the paved double-layer film, punching operation is carried out on the upper-layer film only, the lower-layer film is free from punching, and the lower-layer film is pricked through by means of natural growth of a paddy rice root system; Step S4, field management, moisture management, additional fertilizer and pest control are carried out; And S5, residual film treatment, combining manual auxiliary ploughing by depending on the full-biodegradation characteristic of the double-layer film. Preferably, in the step S1, the field soaking and pulping operation is performed after finishing the land mass arrangement and the base fertilizer application, and the field soaking and pulping step is finished and then directly enters the double-layer film laying step, so that the sedimentation time is saved. Preferably, the step S2 includes: Step S21, paving a lower film which is a full-biodegradable agricultural mulching film with the thickness of 0.004-0.01 mm, Step S22, applying soil on the upper part of the lower layer film paved in the step S22 to form a functional interlayer, wherein the thickness of the functional interlayer is set to be 0.3-2 cm; Step S23, paving an upper layer film above the functional interlayer paved in the step S23, wherein the upper layer film is a full-biodegradable agricultural mulching film with the thickness of 0.008-0.01 mm; step S24, compacting the edges of the upper layer film and the lower layer film by soil