CN-121986694-A - Integrated cultivation management system and method for radix codonopsis

CN121986694ACN 121986694 ACN121986694 ACN 121986694ACN-121986694-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated cultivation management system and method for radix codonopsis, which belong to the technical field of cultivation management and specifically comprise the steps of collecting leaf reflection spectrum data in the early stage of sealing, measuring internode length and leaf thickness, calculating a saponin accumulation potential index, dividing a land block into a high potential area and a low potential area according to the index, applying a phenolic acid substance rhizosphere and a green light filtering light conversion film to cover the high potential area, adding a mineralized nitrogen source proportion to the low potential area and covering a light conversion film for enhancing red light transmission, monitoring leaf water potential in the high potential area in the root expanding period and carrying out progressive water control, and determining the optimal harvesting period by monitoring root chromaticity value and xylem hardness before harvesting.

Inventors

HOU WENYU
WANG SONG
CAI CUIFANG

Assignees

山西正来制药有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260129

Claims (9)

1. An integrated cultivation and management method of radix codonopsis pilosulae is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, collecting reflection spectrum data of functional leaves of plants in the early stage of sealing and running of radix codonopsis pilosulae growth, and measuring the length between stem nodes and the thickness of the leaves; S2, calculating a saponin accumulation potential index according to the ratio of the depth of an absorption valley of the reflection spectrum data in a blue-violet wave band to a red light wave band, the internode length and the thickness of a blade; S3, dividing the planting land into a high potential area and a low potential area according to the spatial distribution of the saponin accumulation potential indexes; S4, for the high potential area, applying a solution containing phenolic acid substances in rhizosphere soil, and covering a light conversion film for filtering green light wave bands above the canopy; S5, for the low potential area, increasing the supply proportion of the easily mineralized nitrogen source in rhizosphere soil, and covering a light conversion film for enhancing red light projection above the canopy; s6, monitoring early morning water potential of the plant leaves in the high-potential area in the root system expansion period, and starting progressive soil moisture control when the water potential is continuously higher than a threshold value; And S7, before harvesting seasons, periodically measuring the chromaticity value of the root system crust and the hardness of the xylem, and determining harvesting time according to the change of the chromaticity value and the hardness.
2. The integrated cultivation and management method of radix codonopsis pilosulae as defined in claim 1, wherein the specific process of collecting reflection spectrum data and measuring the internode length and the leaf thickness in S1 comprises: The method comprises the steps of collecting reflection spectrum data of a fully-unfolded functional blade at the upper part of a plant canopy under sunny weather conditions in the early stage of sealing, enabling a probe of a spectrometer to be perpendicular to the surface of the blade and keep a fixed distance, measuring the internode length of a third section of a plant main stem from top to bottom, avoiding internode bending parts during measurement, measuring the thickness of a central area of the same functional blade, avoiding the main vein of the blade at a measuring point, establishing a corresponding relation between the reflection spectrum data, the internode length value and the blade thickness value, and storing the corresponding relation in a database.
3. The integrated cultivation and management method of radix codonopsis pilosulae as set forth in claim 1, wherein in S2, the specific process of calculating the saponin accumulation potential index comprises: Extracting the maximum depth value of the absorption valley in the blue-violet wave band range and the maximum depth value of the absorption valley in the red wave band range from the reflection spectrum data, calculating the ratio of the depth of the absorption valley in the blue-violet wave band to the depth of the absorption valley in the red wave band, and respectively carrying out standardized treatment on the ratio of the depth of the absorption valley, the internode length value and the thickness value of the blade; And inputting the standardized three characteristic parameters into a multiple linear regression model obtained by history data training, and outputting a continuous index value of the saponin accumulation potential by the multiple linear regression model, wherein the value and the potential saponin synthesis capability of the plant are in positive correlation.
4. The integrated cultivation and management method of radix codonopsis pilosulae as defined in claim 1, wherein in S3, the specific process of dividing the planting land into the high potential area and the low potential area comprises: Generating a continuous potential distribution map by using a spatial interpolation algorithm to the saponin accumulation potential indexes of discrete sampling points, calculating a spatial average value of the saponin accumulation potential indexes of the whole land, dividing a continuous region higher than a threshold value in the potential distribution map into a high potential region, dividing a continuous region lower than the threshold value into a low potential region, and drawing a boundary vector diagram of the high potential region and the low potential region by using a geographic information system tool.
5. The integrated cultivation and management method of radix codonopsis pilosulae as set forth in claim 1, wherein in S4, the specific process of the management operation for the high potential area comprises: The method comprises the steps of dissolving phenolic acid substances with preset quality in irrigation water with preset volume to prepare phenolic acid substance working solution, uniformly applying the phenolic acid substance working solution to rhizosphere soil layers of high potential areas through a pressure compensation drip irrigation system, installing a light-transmitting type support structure above the high potential areas in three working days after the phenolic acid substance working solution is applied, paving a green light filtering type light conversion film with specific specification on the surface of the support structure, and fixing the edge of the light conversion film to the support structure and keeping a flat state to form a complete light quality regulation and control covering layer.
6. The integrated cultivation and management method of radix codonopsis pilosulae as set forth in claim 1, wherein in S5, the specific process of the management operation for the low potential area comprises: The method comprises the steps of mechanically mixing a mineralized nitrogen source with a soil conditioner according to a preset proportion to obtain an improved nitrogen fertilizer mixture, applying the improved nitrogen fertilizer mixture to a rhizosphere cultivation layer in a low potential area by adopting a ditching fertilizer applicator, directly paving a high red light transmission type light conversion film above a crown layer in the low potential area during fertilizer application operation, keeping the paving direction of the light conversion film consistent with the row direction of crops, and tightly pressing the periphery of the film on the ground by using a fixing device to form a complete illumination enhancement covering layer.
7. The integrated cultivation and management method of radix codonopsis pilosulae as defined in claim 1, wherein in S6, the specific process of starting progressive soil moisture control comprises: measuring the leaf water potential of a representative plant in a high potential area before daily sunrise in a root system expansion period, and starting an irrigation regulation and control program based on a soil moisture balance model when the leaf water potential of a plurality of continuous measurement periods is higher than a set threshold value; the irrigation regulation and control program dynamically adjusts the irrigation quota per day according to the real-time evapotranspiration data, so that the soil volume water content of the root zone presents a stepwise descending trend, and a stable water supply state is maintained after the soil volume water content reaches a target lower limit until a preset water control period is completed.
8. The integrated cultivation and management method of radix codonopsis pilosulae as defined in claim 1, wherein in S7, the specific process of determining the harvesting time according to the change of the chromaticity value and the hardness comprises: Collecting representative root system samples periodically before the estimated harvesting period starts, measuring the chromaticity value of the root system crust under specific illumination conditions, measuring the puncture resistance of the root system xylem under standard test conditions, establishing a dynamic curve of the chromaticity value changing along with time and a change track of the puncture resistance along with time, and sending out harvesting operation instructions of the area when the chromaticity value dynamic curve reaches a stable platform and the puncture resistance change track keeps stable.
9. An integrated cultivation management system for radix codonopsis pilosulae, for implementing the integrated cultivation management method for radix codonopsis pilosulae as defined in any one of claims 1-8, comprising: The data acquisition unit is used for acquiring reflection spectrum data of functional leaves of plants in the early stage of sealing and running of the growth of radix codonopsis pilosulae and measuring the length between the nodes of the stem nodes and the thickness of the leaves; The early diagnosis unit is used for calculating a saponin accumulation potential index according to the absorption valley depth ratio, the internode length and the blade thickness of the reflection spectrum data in the blue-violet wave band and the red light wave band; the region dividing unit is used for dividing the planting land into a high potential region and a low potential region according to the spatial distribution of the saponin accumulation potential indexes; the quality improvement management unit is used for applying a solution containing phenolic acid substances to the high potential area in rhizosphere soil, and covering a light conversion film for filtering green light wave bands above the canopy; The yield optimization management unit is used for increasing the supply proportion of the easily mineralized nitrogen source in rhizosphere soil for the low potential area and covering a light conversion film for enhancing red light projection above the canopy; the water regulation and control unit is used for monitoring the early morning water potential of the plant leaves in the high potential area in the root expanding period, and starting progressive soil water control when the water potential is continuously higher than a threshold value; the harvesting decision unit is used for periodically measuring the chromaticity value of the root system crust and the hardness of the xylem before harvesting seasons, and determining harvesting time according to the change of the chromaticity value and the hardness.

Description

Integrated cultivation management system and method for radix codonopsis Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation management, in particular to an integrated cultivation management system and method for radix codonopsis. Background The artificial cultivation scale of radix codonopsis pilosulae is continuously enlarged in recent years as an important variety of traditional Chinese medicinal materials in China. Along with the continuous improvement of the quality requirements of the medicinal materials in the market, how to stably improve the content of active ingredients of the medicinal materials under the condition of large-scale planting becomes a key subject of industrial development. Traditional cultivation management modes are often focused on unified water and fertilizer management and pest control, and systematic regulation and control on formation mechanisms affecting the inherent quality of medicinal materials are lacking. In the prior art, some studies have attempted to improve the quality of codonopsis pilosula by improving cultivation measures. These techniques mainly include optimization of fertilization formulas, adjustment of planting density, improvement of harvesting time, and other conventional agronomic measures. Still other technical schemes implement fertilization on demand by monitoring soil nutrient conditions, or judge growth conditions and adjust management measures correspondingly by observing plant morphological characteristics. These methods have promoted the improvement of the cultivation technique of radix Codonopsis to a certain extent. However, the traditional cultivation management mode is difficult to effectively predict the potential quality forming capability of the plant in the early stage of plant growth, so that the subsequent agricultural operations such as water and fertilizer management, environment regulation and control and the like lack sufficient prospective and pertinence. Meanwhile, the universal unified management strategy ignores inherent differences of different plant individuals in terms of secondary metabolic characteristics, and can not implement differentiated and refined cultivation management according to the unique quality formation rules. The stable production and the further improvement of the industrial benefit of the high-quality radix codonopsis pilosulae are restricted. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide an integrated cultivation management system and method for radix codonopsis, which solve the following technical problems: The traditional radix codonopsis cultivation and management mode can not effectively diagnose the quality formation potential of the radix codonopsis in early growth, and the unified management strategy is difficult to implement targeted regulation and control according to the difference of plant individuals in secondary metabolic characteristics, so that the stable production of high-quality medicinal materials is restricted. The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme: an integrated cultivation management method of radix codonopsis pilosulae comprises the following steps: s1, collecting reflection spectrum data of functional leaves of plants in the early stage of sealing and running of radix codonopsis pilosulae growth, and measuring the length between stem nodes and the thickness of the leaves; S2, calculating a saponin accumulation potential index according to the ratio of the depth of an absorption valley of the reflection spectrum data in a blue-violet wave band to a red light wave band, the internode length and the thickness of a blade; S3, dividing the planting land into a high potential area and a low potential area according to the spatial distribution of the saponin accumulation potential indexes; S4, for the high potential area, applying a solution containing phenolic acid substances in rhizosphere soil, and covering a light conversion film for filtering green light wave bands above the canopy; S5, for the low potential area, increasing the supply proportion of the easily mineralized nitrogen source in rhizosphere soil, and covering a light conversion film for enhancing red light projection above the canopy; s6, monitoring early morning water potential of the plant leaves in the high-potential area in the root system expansion period, and starting progressive soil moisture control when the water potential is continuously higher than a threshold value; And S7, before harvesting seasons, periodically measuring the chromaticity value of the root system crust and the hardness of the xylem, and determining harvesting time according to the change of the chromaticity value and the hardness. In the step S1, the specific process of collecting the reflection spectrum data and measuring the internode length and the blade thickness comprises the following steps: The method comprises the steps of collecting reflection spectrum data of a fully