CN-121986699-A - Method for improving and returning habitat of northern cypripedium plant field population reconstruction

CN121986699ACN 121986699 ACN121986699 ACN 121986699ACN-121986699-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of ecology, and in particular relates to a method for promoting the reconstruction and regression of a field population of a northern cypripedium plant, which comprises the steps of firstly, evaluating the suitability of the habitat based on topography, soil, vegetation and interference factors, and screening out a place to be regressed; the method comprises the steps of carrying out ecological environment reconstruction on regression sites from four dimensions of arbor layers, shrub layers, herbal layers and soil, carrying out cooperative field planting on northern cypripedium seedlings and seed bags filled with northern cypripedium seeds to establish potential reserves for adult individuals, and finally fixedly tracking and monitoring regression populations to evaluate regression effects. The method improves the regression success rate of the northern cypripedium plants from less than 30% to 60%, realizes the self-maintenance of the population, is successfully applied to the national natural protection area of Liaoning Bai Dan, and provides scientific and standard technical support for the field population reconstruction of northern cypripedium species such as cypripedium macranthum.

Inventors

Liu Huanchu
CHEN WEI
WANG YANLIN
HE XINGYUAN
ZHANG YUE
HUANG YANQING

Assignees

中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260407

Claims (9)

1. A method for improving and regressing a habitat of a northern cypripedium plant field population reconstruction, comprising the following steps: Collecting data of a topography factor, a soil factor, a vegetation factor and an interference factor of a region to be regressed, and screening a place to be regressed; carrying out habitat reconstruction on arbor layers, shrub layers, herbal layers and soil at a place to be returned, and carrying out cooperative field planting on a seed bag filled with northern cypripedium seeds and northern cypripedium seedlings after the reconstruction; the regression population is fixedly monitored, and regression results are evaluated.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the terrain factor comprises at least one of elevation, grade, slope direction, and slope position, the soil factor comprises at least one of pH, organic content, fast-acting phosphorus content, and fast-acting potassium content of soil, the vegetation factor comprises at least one of vegetation type, canopy density, tree layer dominant species, and herbaceous layer coverage, and the interference factor comprises regression target area-to-road distance and/or intensity of human activity.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the location to be regressed satisfies the following conditions: terrain factors: elevation is 200 m-2000 m, the slope is less than or equal to 15 degrees; The soil factor is that the pH value of the soil is 5.0-6.5, the organic matter content is 5-20%, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 1-80 mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium content is 150-500 mg/kg; The vegetation factor is vegetation type of needle broad mixed forest or fallen broad leaf forest, and the degree of closure is 0.6-0.72; Interference factor, that is, the distance between the regression target area and the road is more than or equal to 200m.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the habitat modification of the arbor layer comprises retaining at least one tree species of Korean pine, quercus mongolica, white birch, larch and Pinus sylvestris, removing competitive miscellaneous tree, adjusting the degree of closure of the arbor layer to 0.6-0.85, the habitat modification of the arbor layer comprises retaining the species of beneficial shrubs, controlling the coverage of the shrubs layer to 30% -50%, the habitat modification of the herbaceous layer comprises adjusting the thickness of the surface dead branch and fallen leaf layer to 2cm-5cm, the coverage of the herbaceous layer is not more than 60%, and removing competitive weed, and the habitat modification of the soil comprises adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.0-6.5.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the seedlings have a plant height of 15cm or more and 3 or more complete leaves, and each seed bag contains 50 to 200 seeds.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the co-implant is performed for a period of 3 late months or 10 late months.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the northern cypripedium seedlings are planted 1-2 m around the target arbor, and the seed bag is buried 30-50 cm from the northern cypripedium seedlings.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said fixedly monitoring the recurrent population comprises monitoring survival, annual flowering rate, annual setting rate and annual updated seedling number of plants of the genus cypripedium in northern areas.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said northern cypripedium plant is at least one of cypripedium macranthum, mao Biaolan and cypripedium northeast.

Description

Method for improving and returning habitat of northern cypripedium plant field population reconstruction Technical Field The invention belongs to the field of ecology, and particularly relates to a method for improving and returning a habitat of northern cypripedium plant field population reconstruction. Background Cypripedium (Cypripedium) plants are known as perennial herbs of the orchid family, for their unique flower morphology and elegant ornamental value. 6 species of cypripedium macranthum (C. macranthos), cypripedium macranthum (C. calceolus), cypripedium macranthum (C. guttatum), cypripedium macranthum (C. shanxiense), cypripedium Mao Biaolan (C. franchetii) and cypripedium northeast (C.x ventricosum) are distributed in northern China, and are not only important forest land plants, but also are indicative species of health conditions of a biological system due to strict requirements of the living environment. However, in recent decades, the number of wild species of cypripedium plants in northern China has drastically decreased due to the superposition of multiple factors such as climate change, ecological environment fragmentation, artificial overdrawing and difficulty in natural updating, and many historical distribution points have been eliminated, so that the work of germplasm resource protection and field population reconstruction is urgent. Wild regression (in-situ reintroduction) is recognized as the most direct and fundamental effective means of rescuing endangered plants and restoring wild populations. However, the existing regression technique for cypripedium plants has a number of bottlenecks, which result in generally low regression success rates and difficulty in achieving efficient reconstruction of populations. The main drawbacks of the prior art are manifested in the following aspects: The choice of regression sites is highly subjective, lacks a system and quantitative scientific evaluation system, and the traditional method mostly depends on the experience judgment of researchers or the simple recovery of historical distribution points. However, many historical distribution areas are lack of management for a long time, and the habitat conditions (such as vegetation structures, soil physicochemical properties and illumination conditions) of the historical distribution areas are changed, so that the historical distribution areas are no longer suitable for the growth of cypripedium, and the selection of regression sites has great blindness and contingency, so that the initial survival rate of regression is low. The lack of a systematic habitat modification technology aiming at the ecological requirements of cypripedium plants, namely that even if a regression site is selected, the prior art is only used for simply weeding or watering, and cannot systematically repair the degenerated habitat. Cypripedium plants have strict requirements on habitat, and a suitable microenvironment is critical for successful colonization. The existing habitat modification technology is simple and single, and a suitable microenvironment close to the habitat cannot be created for the regression plant. The regression method is single, and the natural updating potential of the population is ignored, and the current mainstream regression method mainly relies on artificially bred adult or sub-adult seedlings for field planting. Although the method can quickly establish an adult individual library, the core link of realizing self-maintenance of the population, namely natural updating, is ignored. Because of the extremely small seed (highly degenerated endosperm) of cypripedium, it is naturally necessary to rely on specific symbiotic fungi to germinate, and the natural renewal process is extremely slow and difficult. The problem that the regressive population lacks the subsequent new-born individual supplement after undergoing the initial planting stage simply by means of seedling planting becomes a 'closed' and uncontrollable population, and the real population reconstruction cannot be realized. The lack of a standardized long-term monitoring and success evaluation system is that a plurality of regression works stop from being planted, and the lack of long-term and continuous tracking and monitoring on the regression population is lacking. Without the standard monitoring indexes (such as survival rate, growth quantity, flowering and setting rate and updated seedling quantity) and the scientific success evaluation standard, the true effect of the regression work cannot be accurately judged, and the successful experience or analysis failure reasons are difficult to summarize, so that the subsequent regression work cannot be effectively fed back and improved. Therefore, there is a need to develop a systematic and standardized method for improving and returning the habitat of northern cypripedium plant field population reconstruction, which provides reliable technical support for northern cypripedium plant populatio