CN-121986740-A - Fish and shellfish polyculture experimental system and verification method

CN121986740ACN 121986740 ACN121986740 ACN 121986740ACN-121986740-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a fish and shellfish polyculture experimental system and a verification method, wherein the system comprises the following steps: at least two groups of independently operated experimental units, an intelligent water distribution unit, a water quality on-line monitoring unit, an automatic waste collection unit and a central control unit, wherein the experimental modules comprise a fish culture area, a shellfish culture area, an adjustable main flow circulation channel and a bypass circulation loop. The verification method comprises the steps of system initialization and experiment grouping, biological delivery and feeding calibration, cultivation operation under controlled conditions, multi-group synchronous monitoring and sampling, data analysis and comprehensive performance evaluation. According to the invention, by constructing an experimental platform which can accurately simulate the material circulation process of the fish-shellfish polyculture system, realize synchronization comparability of multiple processing groups and quantitatively evaluate the material coupling mechanism between the nutrition stages, a scientific basis is provided for an ecological culture mode with low emission and high resource utilization rate.

Inventors

CUI WENDA
JIANG YUSHENG
QIU XINTONG
DAI LINLIN
YANG HEXIANG

Assignees

大连海洋大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260330

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a fish and shellfish polyculture experimental system, is applied to the efficiency verification of the comprehensive cultivation of many nutrition levels under the controllable condition in laboratory, and its characterized in that includes: Each group of the experimental units comprises a fish and shellfish polyculture experimental module with the same physical structure, and the experimental units are used for simulating different culture modes; the intelligent water distribution unit is connected with all the experimental units at the same time and is used for providing and maintaining experimental water with completely consistent temperature, salinity, pH value and dissolved oxygen for the experimental units; The water quality on-line monitoring unit is respectively arranged in the fish culture area, the shellfish culture area and the internal circulation channel of each set of experimental unit at the sampling end and is used for monitoring and recording the concentration change of nutrient salt in the water body in real time; The waste automatic collection unit is connected with the excrement in-situ separator in each group of experimental units and is used for periodically and automatically collecting fish excrement and granular organic matters generated in the system; And the central control unit is respectively in communication connection with the intelligent water distribution unit, the water quality on-line monitoring unit and all the experimental units and is used for receiving the monitoring data and controlling the operation parameters of each unit.
2. The fish and shellfish polyculture experiment system of claim 1, wherein each set of the fish and shellfish polyculture experiment modules comprises: a group of fish culture areas, the inside of which is provided with a first automatic bait casting machine and a fecal in-situ separator; The inside of the shellfish culture area is provided with an adjustable attachment base; The adjustable main flow circulation channels are in fluid communication with the fish culture area and the shellfish culture area, and are provided with a first water pump and a first flowmeter which are independently controlled by the central control unit; And the bypass circulation loop is connected in parallel with two ends of the adjustable main flow circulation channel and used for maintaining the water circulation in the experimental module when the adjustable main flow circulation channel is closed.
3. The fish and shellfish polyculture experiment system of claim 1, characterized in that the intelligent water distribution unit comprises an artificial sea jellyfish tank, an environmental parameter regulation and control system and a plurality of high-precision metering pumps, and the central control unit controls the metering pumps to synchronously and equivalently inject water to each experiment unit through the following steps: A1, setting a target water injection rate Initializing accumulated water injection quantity of each metering pump ; A2, reading flow signals of each metering pump in real time, and calculating the current accumulated water injection quantity ; A3, calculating water injection deviation of each pump = - ; A4, according to the water injection deviation Calculating the real-time pulse frequency of each metering pump through PID control algorithm = · + · + · Wherein , , Is a PID control parameter; A5, when the accumulated water injection quantity of all metering pumps is equal All satisfy And stopping water injection when epsilon is smaller than or equal to epsilon, wherein epsilon is an allowable error threshold.
4. A fish and shellfish polyculture experiment system according to claim 3, characterized in that the water quality on-line monitoring unit comprises a multi-channel automatic sampler and a nutritive salt analyzer, and the central control unit controls the multi-channel automatic sampler to synchronously sample each sampling point of all the experiment units by: B1, setting a sampling period T, and generating a theoretical sampling time sequence of each sampling point (j=1,2,...,m); B2 at the theoretical sampling time When the sample is reached, sequentially opening sampling valves of sampling points corresponding to all experimental units; b3, recording the actual sampling time of each sampling point And calculate the sampling time deviation = ; B4, sampling time deviation when a certain sampling point Exceeding a preset threshold Recording abnormality and adjusting the valve opening advance of the next sampling point; B5, for the same theoretical sampling moment Ensure maximum time difference Δt=max between sampling completion times of all experimental units =max )-min( ) And +.delta, where k is the experimental unit number and delta is the synchronization time window threshold.
5. The fish and shellfish polyculture experiment system of claim 4, characterized in that a single culture mode and a polyculture mode configuration file are preset in the central control unit, when a certain experiment unit is set to the single culture mode, the central control unit closes an adjustable main flow circulation channel corresponding to the unit and starts the bypass circulation loop to maintain the same water circulation state as the polyculture mode unit, and when the experiment unit is set to the polyculture mode, the central control unit opens the adjustable main flow circulation channel and controls the flow rate of the first water pump according to a preset algorithm or real-time water quality data.
6. A fish and shellfish polyculture experiment verification method, which adopts the system as set forth in any one of claims 1-5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: step S1, system initialization and experiment grouping: Setting at least three experimental groups, namely a fish single-culturing group, a shellfish single-culturing group and a fish shellfish mixed-culturing group in a central control unit, and distributing at least one experimental unit for each group; according to the set grouping, the central control unit automatically configures the experimental units corresponding to the fish single-culture group and the shellfish single-culture group into a single-culture mode, and configures the experimental units corresponding to the fish shellfish mixed-culture group into a mixed-culture mode; Step S2, biological delivery and feeding calibration: According to the design requirement of the culture density, throwing experimental fishes with the same specification and quantity into the fish culture areas of all experimental units, and throwing experimental shellfish with the same specification and quantity into the shellfish culture areas of all experimental units; Step S3, cultivation operation under controlled conditions: Running an experimental system, and controlling all first automatic bait casting machines to synchronously feed according to a unified time table by a central control unit; for the experimental unit in the single-culture mode, the central control unit ensures that a bypass circulation loop of the experimental unit in the single-culture mode normally operates, so that the overall hydrodynamic condition of the experimental unit is consistent with that of the experimental unit in the mixed-culture mode; step S4, multi-processing group synchronous monitoring and sampling: The central control unit controls the water quality on-line monitoring unit, periodically and synchronously samples and analyzes all monitoring points of all experimental units by utilizing a synchronous sampling control algorithm to acquire concentration data of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate and active phosphorus in real time; Step S5, data analysis and comprehensive performance evaluation: After the experiment is finished, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis is carried out on collected waste and biological tissue samples, a central control unit gathers all water quality data and sample analysis results, the removal efficiency of a mixed culture system on nutritive salt is calculated by comparing the water quality data of a single fish culture group and the water quality data of a mixed fish and shellfish culture group, the absorption proportion of shellfish to waste fish culture nutrients is quantitatively estimated by utilizing an isotope mixing model in combination with the stable isotope analysis results, and a material balance model of different treatment groups is constructed to clarify the material coupling relation among different nutrition levels.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step S3, the central control unit controls the flow rate of the first water pump according to the real-time water quality data, and the specific control rules are as follows: setting the safety threshold value of ammonia nitrogen concentration in the fish culture area as The real-time monitoring value is ; When (when) ≤ Maintaining a base flow rate Q0 of the first water pump; When (when) > When the flow rate is dynamically adjusted according to the following formula: Q(t)=Q0×[1+α×( )/ ]; Wherein alpha is a flow velocity adjusting coefficient, and the value range is 0.5-2.0; meanwhile, in order to ensure the filter feeding efficiency of shellfish on particulate matters, the hydraulic retention time HRT of shellfish culture areas is controlled to be not less than 30 minutes, namely Q (t) is not more than or equal to Wherein Is the water volume of the shellfish culture area.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step S5, the absorption ratio of the shellfish to the fish culture waste nutrient is quantitatively evaluated by using an isotope mixing model, and the method specifically comprises the following sub-steps: Step S51, measuring carbon stable isotope delta 13C and nitrogen stable isotope delta 15N values of feed, fish manure and shellfish tissue in shellfish single culture group and shellfish tissue in fish shellfish mixed culture group; step S52, constructing an isotope mixing model of shellfish nutrition sources: = · + · + · ; Wherein X represents 13C or 15N, Isotope values of shellfish tissues of the fish-shellfish mixed culture group, For the isotope value of the feed, Is the isotope value of the fish feces, Isotope values of shellfish tissue for shellfish list culture, , , Respectively the contribution ratio of each source, and =1; Step S53, obtaining the nutrition contribution proportion of fish feces to shellfish growth by solving the equation set Quantitatively verifying the absorption and conversion capacity of shellfish to fish culture waste nutrients.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein in step S5, the efficiency of removing nutritive salt by the polyculture system is calculated, and the method specifically comprises the following sub-steps: step S54, respectively calculating the accumulation amount of nutrient salts of the fish single-culture group and the fish-shellfish mixed-culture group in the same period: = )dt; = - )dt; Wherein, the The nutrient salt concentration of the fish singly-cultured group at the moment t, The nutrient salt concentration of the fish and shellfish mixed culture group at the moment t, Is the initial nutrient salt concentration; step S55, calculating the removal rate of nutrient salts by the fish and shellfish polyculture system: R=( - )/ ×100%; and respectively calculating the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, active phosphorus, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, and evaluating the regulation and control effects of the mixed culture mode on different nutrient salts.
10. The experimental verification method for polyculture of fish and shellfish according to claim 6, wherein the experimental fish is sebastes schlegeli, the experimental shellfish is oyster pacific, the culture period is 45 days, the sampling frequency is set to be that the sampling is carried out every 2 days and then every 5 days within 10 days before the experiment, and in the step S5, the stable isotope analysis adopts a carbon stable isotope and nitrogen stable isotope dual tracing method.

Description

Fish and shellfish polyculture experimental system and verification method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a fish and shellfish polyculture experimental system and a verification method. Background At present, the intensive aquaculture mode, particularly the single aquaculture of fishes, generally faces the problem of low feed utilization efficiency. Nutrients which are not effectively absorbed and utilized by fish enter the water body in a large amount in the form of residual baits and feces, so that nutrient salts such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like are continuously accumulated, water quality deterioration is caused, the risk of diseases is increased, and the stability and sustainable development of a culture system are seriously restricted. In order to cope with the challenge, the multi-nutrition-level comprehensive cultivation concept has been developed, namely, the waste discharged by one organism is converted into the nutrition source of another organism by utilizing the functional complementarity of organisms (such as fishes and shellfishes) with different nutrition levels, so that the resource recycling and the environment self-repair are realized. However, the prior studies have focused on performance observations for productive applications, lacking a standardized set of experimental systems and validation methods that can be run under laboratory-accurate control conditions. The method has the technical defects that firstly, the absorption and conversion efficiency of shellfish on fish culture waste cannot be accurately quantified, secondly, the substance coupling mechanism among organisms with different nutrition levels is difficult to clearly clarify, thirdly, the comparability of each treatment group (single culture group and mixed culture group) in the experimental process is difficult to ensure, the interference of non-experimental factors is large, and the scientificity and the repeatability of experimental conclusion are insufficient. Disclosure of Invention (One) solving the technical problems Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides scientific basis for ecological cultivation modes with low emission and high resource utilization rate by constructing an experimental platform which can accurately simulate the material circulation process of the fish-shellfish mixed cultivation system, realize synchronization comparability of multiple groups and quantitatively evaluate the material coupling mechanism between nutrition stages. (II) technical scheme In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme that the fish and shellfish polyculture experiment system is applied to the efficiency verification of multi-nutrition-level comprehensive culture under the controllable condition of a laboratory and comprises the following steps: Each group of the experimental units comprises a fish and shellfish polyculture experimental module with the same physical structure, and the experimental units are used for simulating different culture modes; the intelligent water distribution unit is connected with all the experimental units at the same time and is used for providing and maintaining experimental water with completely consistent temperature, salinity, pH value and dissolved oxygen for the experimental units; The water quality on-line monitoring unit is respectively arranged in the fish culture area, the shellfish culture area and the internal circulation channel of each set of experimental unit at the sampling end and is used for monitoring and recording the concentration change of nutrient salt in the water body in real time; The waste automatic collection unit is connected with the excrement in-situ separator in each group of experimental units and is used for periodically and automatically collecting fish excrement and granular organic matters generated in the system; And the central control unit is respectively in communication connection with the intelligent water distribution unit, the water quality on-line monitoring unit and all the experimental units and is used for receiving the monitoring data and controlling the operation parameters of each unit. As a preferred scheme, each group of fish and shellfish polyculture experiment modules comprises: a group of fish culture areas, the inside of which is provided with a first automatic bait casting machine and a fecal in-situ separator; The inside of the shellfish culture area is provided with an adjustable attachment base; The adjustable main flow circulation channels are in fluid communication with the fish culture area and the shellfish culture area, and are provided with a first water pump and a first flowmeter which are independently controlled by the central control unit; And the bypass circulation loop is connected in parallel with two ends of the adjustable main flow circulation channel and used for maintaining the wate