Search

CN-121986866-A - Method for preparing complete feed based on multi-strain fermentation

CN121986866ACN 121986866 ACN121986866 ACN 121986866ACN-121986866-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing complete feed based on multi-strain fermentation, and belongs to the technical field of feed processing. The method comprises the steps of pretreating raw materials by cellulose complex enzyme, sequentially adopting aerobic synergistic fermentation of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei and anaerobic complex fermentation of lactobacillus plantarum-Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Bacillus subtilis to realize deep degradation and nutrition conversion of crude fibers in the raw materials, and finally preparing a fermentation product into the duck complete feed. The invention solves the problems of incomplete degradation, high risk of mixed bacteria pollution and mutual inhibition among strains of the traditional fermented feed, improves the nutritional value and the utilization efficiency of agricultural byproducts, and the prepared feed is rich in probiotics, organic acid and micromolecular nutrients, can replace corn-soybean meal feed, reduces grain material conflict, reduces the waste pollution of the agricultural byproducts, has economic and environmental benefits, and is suitable for large-scale industrialized popularization.

Inventors

  • LIN ZHONGHANG

Assignees

  • 杭州晶富粮油有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260305

Claims (8)

  1. 1. The method for preparing the complete feed based on multi-strain fermentation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, enzyme pretreatment, namely mixing shell powder and distillers' grains dry basis according to a weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed raw material, adding cellulose composite enzyme into the mixed raw material, simultaneously adding molasses, ammonium sulfate and monopotassium phosphate as nutrition enhancers, adding sterile water to adjust the water content of the material to 35% -45%, and carrying out enzymolysis for 2-4 hours at 30+/-2 ℃ to ensure that the material is fully contacted with an enzyme preparation, so as to obtain an enzymolysis pretreatment material; the cellulose compound enzyme is a compound enzyme of cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase, and the addition amount is 0.1% -0.3% of the dry weight of the mixed raw materials; the addition amount of the nutrition enhancer is 3-5% of molasses, 0.5-1% of ammonium sulfate and 0.2-0.5% of monopotassium phosphate of the dry weight of the mixed raw materials; S2, aerobic fermentation, namely preparing aspergillus niger and trichoderma reesei into an aerobic composite microbial inoculum according to the ratio of 1:1 of the number of living bacteria, inoculating according to the inoculum size of 2% of the dry weight of the enzymolysis pretreatment material, ventilating and aerobic fermentation for 3-5 days at 30+/-2 ℃, controlling the temperature of the material to be not more than 35 ℃ during fermentation, and enabling ventilation conditions to meet the oxygen dissolving requirement of the material until the material is fully distributed with uniform white hypha and the mellow/moldy flavor is emitted, thus obtaining an aerobic fermentation product; S3, anaerobic fermentation, namely preparing lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis into an anaerobic composite microbial inoculum according to the ratio of the viable bacteria number of 1:2:2, directly taking an aerobic fermentation product as a matrix without sterilization, inoculating the anaerobic composite microbial inoculum according to the inoculation amount of 1% -3% of the dry weight of the matrix, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 2-4 days at 30+/-2 ℃ after being strictly sealed until the pH value of the material is stabilized below 4.5 and soft sour flavor and fruit wine flavor are produced, thereby obtaining an anaerobic fermentation product; S4, preparing complete feed, namely directly preparing an anaerobic fermentation product in a wet base form in a low-temperature drying mode at a temperature lower than 50 ℃ or in a large-scale production mode, wherein the anaerobic fermentation product is mixed with corn, soybean meal, broken rice and premix according to dry matters, and the mixing proportion is 30% of the fermentation product, 26% of the corn, 26% of the soybean meal, 13% of the broken rice and 5% of the premix, wherein the premix is a compound of stone powder, calcium hydrophosphate, salt, vitamins and trace elements; During large-scale production, wet fermentation products are directly mixed with dry matter raw materials and then granulated by a granulator, the temperature inside the granulator is used for realizing drying and dehumidification, only shell powder and vinasse are fermented, and corn and soybean meal are not mixed into fermentation.
  2. 2. The method for preparing complete feed based on multi-strain fermentation of claim 1, wherein in the step S2, dominant group biomembrane formed by aerobic fermentation can inhibit growth of toxic mold such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, and can quickly establish the dominant group of bacteria to resist contamination of foreign strains.
  3. 3. The method for preparing complete feed based on multi-strain fermentation of claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the double bacteriostasis mechanism can effectively block germination and metabolism of spoilage microorganisms such as vomit toxin (deoxynivalenol) producing bacteria and the like, and realize natural anti-microbial contamination without high-temperature sterilization.
  4. 4. The method for preparing complete feed based on multi-strain fermentation according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the water content of the fermented material subjected to anaerobic fermentation in large-scale production is controlled to be about 40%, the water content of the final mixture after being mixed with dry material raw materials such as corn, soybean meal and the like is 10% -15%, the internal temperature of a granulator can reach 70 ℃, and the granulating process is synchronous to finish drying and dehumidifying without independently drying the fermented product.
  5. 5. The method for preparing complete feed based on multi-strain fermentation of claim 1, wherein the hull powder comprises one or more high-fiber agricultural byproducts selected from rice hull powder, peanut hull powder, cotton seed hulls, bagasse, and the distillers grains comprise one or two of distillers grains with white wine, brewer's grains, and vinegar residues.
  6. 6. The method for preparing complete feed based on multi-strain fermentation of claim 1, wherein trichoderma reesei is replaced by trichoderma viride, lactobacillus plantarum is replaced by lactobacillus acidophilus, and bacillus subtilis is replaced by bacillus licheniformis.
  7. 7. The method for preparing complete feed based on multi-strain fermentation of claim 1, wherein the strains used by the aerobic composite microbial agent and the anaerobic composite microbial agent are all standard strains available in the common industrial strains or national collection of strains.
  8. 8. The method for preparing complete feed based on multi-strain fermentation according to claim 1, wherein the content of active probiotics in the anaerobic fermentation product is more than 1X 10 9 CFU/g.

Description

Method for preparing complete feed based on multi-strain fermentation Technical Field The invention relates to the field of feed processing, in particular to a method for preparing complete feed based on multi-strain fermentation. Background The feed cost is 60% -70% of the total production cost of the cultivation, the main current feed is corn-soybean meal type feed, the feed is seriously dependent on imported soybeans, corn is used as crops shared by people and livestock, serious grain material conflict is caused, the price fluctuation of feed raw materials is large, and the cultivation cost is greatly increased. Meanwhile, a huge amount of agricultural byproducts such as rice hulls, vinasse and the like are produced in China each year, and the raw materials have high crude fiber content and low nutritive value and are mostly abandoned, burned or buried. The preparation of the feed by treating the high-fiber agricultural byproducts by utilizing the microbial fermentation technology is an important direction for realizing the high-value utilization of resources and reducing the cost of the feed. The existing fermented feed preparation technology has the defects that firstly, single strains such as trichoderma viride, trichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger are adopted for fermentation, the fermentation efficiency is low, cellulose can be decomposed into secondary products such as oligosaccharides, the secondary products cannot be further converted into micromolecular nutrients which are easy to be absorbed by animals, the nutrition value is limited, the stable flora advantage is difficult to form by the single strains, the single strains are easily polluted by mixed bacteria such as aspergillus flavus in a hot and humid fermentation environment, the product safety risk exists, the large-scale fermentation production is not facilitated, and thirdly, partial research attempts are made to directly mix cellulose degrading bacteria with probiotics for one-time fermentation, the strains are mutually inhibited due to different optimal growth conditions (such as oxygen and pH value) of different strains, the respective maximum efficacy cannot be exerted, the fermentation process is uncontrollable, the product quality is extremely unstable, the high-fiber raw materials are not subjected to targeted pretreatment in the prior art, the fiber structures of the raw materials are compact, and the microorganisms are difficult to contact and the effective components in the microbial contact are utilized, so that the efficiency and the effect of fermentation degradation are further reduced. Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention adds an enzyme pretreatment link on the basis of the existing multi-strain two-step fermentation process, breaks the compact fiber structure of the raw materials by using cellulose complex enzyme, creates favorable conditions for subsequent microbial fermentation, combines an aerobic-anaerobic relay multi-strain fermentation process, realizes deep degradation and nutrition conversion of high-fiber agricultural byproducts such as rice hulls, vinasse and the like, prepares the functional complete feed with rich nutrition and high safety, and effectively solves various problems in the prior art. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a method for preparing complete feed based on multi-strain fermentation, which solves the problems of incomplete degradation of raw material fibers, high risk of mixed bacterial pollution, mutual inhibition among strains, low utilization rate of agricultural byproducts, high production energy consumption and unreasonable raw material fermentation utilization in the existing fermented feed preparation, realizes high-value utilization of high-fiber agricultural byproducts such as rice hulls, vinasse and the like, prepares functional duck complete feed capable of replacing the traditional corn-soybean meal feed in an equivalent way, reduces grain material collision and cultivation cost, reduces environmental pollution caused by agricultural byproduct waste, and simultaneously realizes energy conservation and high efficiency of large-scale production. According to one aspect of the invention, the method for preparing the complete feed based on multi-strain fermentation comprises four steps of enzyme pretreatment, aerobic fermentation, anaerobic fermentation and complete feed preparation, and the specific operation is as follows: S1, enzyme pretreatment Mixing shell powder and distillers 'grain dry base according to a weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed raw material, adding cellulose compound enzyme which is compound enzyme of cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase into the mixed raw material, wherein the addition amount is 0.1% -0.3% of dry weight of the mixed raw material, simultaneously adding a nutrition enhancer, wherein the nutrition enhancer comprises 3% -5% of molasses, 0.5% -1% of ammonium sulfate and 0.2% -0.5% of potassium dihydrogen p