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CN-121986883-A - Straw feed capable of improving meat texture of grass carp muscle and preparation method thereof

CN121986883ACN 121986883 ACN121986883 ACN 121986883ACN-121986883-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw feed capable of improving the texture of grass carp muscle and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aquatic feeds. The straw feed takes basic feed as a carrier, and rice straw of a specific type and a specific addition amount is added, wherein the rice straw comprises blank rice straw, superfine crushed rice straw or fermented rice straw. The invention not only provides a high-quality and high-efficiency compound feed for grass carp cultivation, but also realizes the resource utilization of agricultural waste straws, reduces the production cost of the feed, and has remarkable economic, ecological and social benefits.

Inventors

  • SUN LIHUI
  • LI MIN
  • GUO JIANLIN
  • LI QIAN
  • JIANG JIANHU
  • GAO LINGMEI
  • PENG JUN
  • YANG BICHENG
  • SUN SHOUXIANG
  • ZHU TINGYAO

Assignees

  • 浙江省淡水水产研究所(浙江省淡水渔业环境监测站)

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260309

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A straw feed capable of improving the meat texture of grass carp muscle is characterized in that a basic feed is used as a reference, rice straw is added into the basic feed, the rice straw is one or more of blank rice straw, superfine crushed rice straw or fermented rice straw, the addition amount of the blank rice straw is 2% -4%, the addition amount of the superfine crushed rice straw is 2% -4%, the addition amount of the fermented rice straw is 2% -5%, and the addition amount of all the straw is calculated in terms of dry matter.
  2. 2. The straw feed capable of improving the texture of grass carp muscle meat according to claim 1, wherein the formula of the basic feed comprises, by weight, 3% of fish meal, 18% of bean pulp, 28% of rapeseed meal, 23.46% of secondary meal, 3% of cotton seed meal, 14.5% of fermented soybean meal, 1% of multi-vitamins, 1.5% of multi-minerals, 1.5% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 4% of zeolite powder, 0.02% of envelope vitamin C, and 0.02% of choline chloride, and the total of 100%.
  3. 3. The straw feed capable of improving the muscle texture of grass carp according to claim 1, wherein the blank rice straw is unfermented rice straw, the crushing granularity is up to 60 meshes, the superfine crushed rice straw is crushed by adopting an airflow impact type crusher, the crushing granularity is up to 200 meshes, the fermented rice straw is rice straw which is fermented for 30d by adopting bacterial enzyme, and the crushing granularity is 60 meshes.
  4. 4. The straw feed capable of improving the texture of grass carp muscle meat according to claim 1, wherein conventional nutritional ingredients of the straw feed are 9.85% -10.25% of water, 28.61% -29.83% of crude protein, 2.95% -3.10% of crude fat and 6.85% -7.09% of ash in terms of dry matter.
  5. 5. A method for producing a straw feed for improving the texture of grass carp muscle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of: (1) Raw material pretreatment, namely crushing all raw materials of basic feed, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve for standby, and respectively treating rice straw into blank rice straw powder, superfine crushed rice straw powder or fermented rice straw powder for standby; (2) Mixing, namely uniformly mixing the pretreated basic feed raw materials with rice straw powder according to the feed formula proportion, wherein the raw materials with the content below 10% are uniformly mixed step by step; (3) Tempering and granulating, namely adding 15% -20% tap water into the uniformly mixed raw materials, uniformly mixing again, and extruding into cylindrical granules with the diameter of 3mm and the length of 5mm by adopting a double-screw puffing feed granulator; (4) Drying and preserving, namely drying the prepared pellet feed in a feed dryer until the moisture is about 10%, taking out and cooling, and preserving in a refrigerator at-20 ℃ for standby.
  6. 6. The method for preparing straw feed capable of improving the texture of grass carp muscle according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method of the fermented rice straw in the step (1) is characterized in that a bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation process is adopted, and the fermentation time is 30d.
  7. 7. The method for producing straw feed capable of improving the texture of grass carp muscle according to claim 5, wherein the jet impact pulverizer for superfine pulverizing rice straw comprises a pulverizer body (1), an outer area of the pulverizer body (1) is provided with a gas distribution ring (2), a gas inlet pipe (3) is installed on the outer side wall of the gas distribution ring (2) in a communicated mode, a plurality of high-pressure gas spraying pipes (4) inclined in the same direction are uniformly installed on the side wall of the gas distribution ring (2), the gas spraying heads of the gas spraying pipes (4) extend into a pulverizing cavity of the pulverizer body (1), the top end of the pulverizer body (1) is communicated with an inclined venturi tube (5), the gas inlet direction of the venturi tube (5) is the same as the gas flow direction formed by gas spraying of the plurality of high-pressure gas spraying pipes (4), and the top of the side wall of the venturi tube (5) is communicated with a hopper (6), and the method is characterized by further comprising: The control barrel (7), the inside of control barrel (7) is provided with screening cavity, and screening cavity's top runs through and is provided with the charge door, and screening cavity's circumference lateral wall bottom intercommunication has communicating pipe (8), communicating pipe (8) and hopper (6) intercommunication, control barrel (7) slope sets up; The speed reducing motor (9) is arranged in the middle of the bottom end of the control barrel (7), and a power shaft of the speed reducing motor (9) is inserted into the screening cavity in a rotating and sealing manner; The fiber removing mechanism is coaxially arranged at the bottom end of the screening mechanism, the fiber removing mechanism and the screening mechanism are both rotatably arranged in the screening cavity, a power shaft of a gear motor (9) is coaxially connected with the bottom end of the fiber removing mechanism through a connecting component, and a communicating hole of the communicating pipe (8) and the screening cavity is positioned at the lower side of the fiber removing mechanism; the top of control bucket (7) detachably installs apron (10), and the middle part of apron (10) runs through has raw materials pipe (11), and the feed inlet to screening mechanism is stretched into to one end of raw materials pipe (11), and its other end intercommunication feed arrangement.
  8. 8. The method for producing straw feed capable of improving the texture of grass carp flesh according to claim 7, wherein the fiber removing mechanism comprises a fixed plate (12), a plurality of comb teeth (13) are arranged on two long side walls of the fixed plate (12), and the outer side walls of the comb teeth (13) and two opposite short side walls of the fixed plate (12) are abutted against but not contacted with the inner side walls of a screening chamber of a control barrel (7); The screening mechanism comprises a screen cylinder (14), a plurality of penetrating screen holes are uniformly distributed on the circumferential side wall of the screen cylinder (14), the diameter of the screen cylinder (14) is smaller than that of a screening cavity, a gap between the screen cylinder (14) at least can pass through screened rice straw particles, a driving shaft (15) is coaxially arranged at the bottom end of the screen cylinder (14), the bottom end of the driving shaft (15) is connected with the center of the top end of a fixed plate (12), and a plurality of supporting components are uniformly distributed on the edge part of the top of the screen cylinder (14); The connecting assembly comprises a clamping ring (16), an installation shaft is arranged at the center of the bottom end of the fixing plate (12), the middle upper portion area of the clamping ring (16) is fixedly sleeved with the bottom of the installation shaft, a key groove is formed in the inner side wall of the clamping ring (16) in a communicating mode, a sliding inlet is formed in the bottom end of the key groove in a communicating mode, a key bar (17) is arranged on the top circumferential side wall of a power shaft of the gear motor (9), the power shaft of the gear motor (9) is detachably and slidably clamped into the clamping ring (16), and meanwhile the key bar (17) is slidably clamped into the key groove.
  9. 9. The method for producing straw feed capable of improving the texture of grass carp muscle according to claim 7, wherein a plurality of auxiliary comb teeth (18) are uniformly distributed on the circumferential side wall of the driving shaft (15) from bottom to top, and the outer ends of the plurality of auxiliary comb teeth (18) are abutted against but not contacted with the inner side wall of the screening chamber; The support assembly comprises a support plate (19), wherein the support plate (19) is arranged on the outer circumferential side wall of the top of the screen cylinder (14), a support wheel (20) is rotatably arranged on the support plate (19), and the support wheel (20) is tightly attached to the inner side wall of the screening cavity in a rotating way; The bottom ends of the comb teeth (13) and the side walls of the auxiliary comb teeth (18) are respectively provided with a plurality of hanging needles (21), and the installation direction of the hanging needles (21) on the auxiliary comb teeth (18) is the same as the rotation direction of the hanging needles.
  10. 10. Use of a straw feed according to any one of claims 1-4 in grass carp farming, wherein the straw feed is used for improving the muscle texture properties of grass carp, optimizing the body index and muscle nutritional components of grass carp, without affecting the growth performance, serum biochemical index, liver antioxidant and non-specific immune function and intestinal digestive enzyme activity of grass carp; when the main purpose of improving the muscle meat quality of grass carp is to use the feed added with 2% of blank rice straw, and when the main purpose of using the straw to the maximum is to use the feed added with 4% of fermented rice straw.

Description

Straw feed capable of improving meat texture of grass carp muscle and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic feeds, and particularly relates to a straw feed capable of improving the texture of grass carp muscle and a preparation method thereof. Background Grass carp is one of important freshwater aquaculture fishes in China, has the characteristics of high growth speed, strong adaptability, fresh and tender meat quality and the like, and is deeply favored by consumers. Along with the rapid development of the aquaculture industry, the grass carp culture scale is continuously enlarged, and the demand for compound feed is also increasing. However, the traditional grass carp compound feed mainly comprises high-quality protein raw materials such as fish meal, bean pulp and the like, so that the cost is high, and resources are tense due to excessive dependence on the raw materials. Therefore, searching for low-cost and widely-available feed raw materials to replace part of high-quality protein raw materials has become an important direction of development of the aquatic feed industry. Rice straw is one of main agricultural wastes in China, and annual yield is huge. The rice straw contains a certain amount of nutritional ingredients such as protein, cellulose and the like, and has the potential of being used as a feed raw material. However, the effect of directly using the rice straw in aquatic feed is not ideal due to the high cellulose content of the rice straw, poor palatability, low digestibility and the like. In addition, the rice straws with different treatment modes and addition amounts have different influences on indexes such as grass carp growth performance, muscle quality and the like, so that the treatment modes and the addition proportion of the rice straws are required to be optimized to develop the efficient straw feed suitable for grass carp cultivation. The texture of muscle meat is one of the important indexes for evaluating the quality of fish meat, including hardness, elasticity, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness and the like, and directly affects the eating experience of consumers. At present, the application of rice straw in grass carp feed is more studied, but most of the rice straw is focused on the aspects of growth performance and feed utilization efficiency, and the system research on the muscle meat texture is relatively less. Therefore, the development of the straw feed capable of improving the muscle meat texture of the grass carp has important significance for improving the economic benefit and the product competitiveness of grass carp cultivation. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a straw feed capable of improving the texture characteristics of grass carp muscles and a preparation method thereof, which can obviously improve the texture indexes of grass carp muscles, and simultaneously does not influence the growth performance and other physiological indexes of grass carp, so that the recycling utilization of agricultural wastes is realized. A straw feed capable of improving the meat texture of grass carp muscle is prepared by taking basic feed as a control, adding rice straw into the basic feed, wherein the rice straw is one or more of blank rice straw, superfine crushed rice straw or fermented rice straw, the addition amount of the blank rice straw is 2% -4%, the addition amount of the superfine crushed rice straw is 2% -4%, the addition amount of the fermented rice straw is 4%, and the addition level of all the straw is calculated by dry matter. The formula of the basic feed comprises, by weight, 3% of fish meal, 18% of bean pulp, 28% of rapeseed meal, 23.46% of secondary powder, 3% of cotton seed meal, 14.5% of fermented bean pulp, 1% of multi-vitamins, 1% of multi-minerals, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 4% of zeolite powder, 0.02% of coated vitamins C and 0.02% of choline chloride, and the total weight is 100%. The blank rice straw is unfermented rice straw, the crushing granularity reaches 60 meshes, the superfine crushed rice straw is crushed by adopting an airflow impact crusher, the crushing granularity reaches 200 meshes, the fermented rice straw is fermented by adopting bacteria and enzyme to cooperatively ferment for 30d, and the crushing granularity is 60 meshes. The conventional nutritional ingredients of the straw feed comprise 9.85% -10.25% of water, 28.61% -29.83% of crude protein, 2.95% -3.10% of crude fat and 6.85% -7.09% of ash in terms of dry matter. The preparation method of the straw feed comprises the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment, namely crushing all raw materials of basic feed, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve for standby, and respectively treating rice straw into blank rice straw powder, superfine crushed rice straw powder or fermented rice straw powder for standby; (2) Mixing, namely uniformly mixing the pretreated basic feed raw materials with rice straw powder