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CN-121987385-A - Anesthesia experimental device for small animals

CN121987385ACN 121987385 ACN121987385 ACN 121987385ACN-121987385-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of animal anesthesia experiments and discloses a small animal anesthesia experiment device which comprises an electronic spray type atomization medicine feeding module, an induction cabin module, an animal anesthesia platform, an integrated mask module and a main control unit, wherein the electronic spray type atomization medicine feeding module is used for forming a high-voltage electrostatic field, and conducting secondary atomization on anesthetic fogdrops preliminarily atomized by the high-voltage electrostatic field by utilizing high-speed compressed air to generate anesthetic aerosols with the particle size of 1-5 μm and output the anesthetic aerosols, the induction cabin module is switchably connected with the output end of the electronic spray type atomization medicine feeding module, the animal anesthesia platform is switchably connected with the output end of the electronic spray type atomization medicine feeding module, the integrated mask module is used for monitoring the breathing frequency and/or the tidal volume of an experimental target wearing a mask in real time, and the main control unit is respectively electrically connected with the electronic spray type atomization medicine feeding module, the induction cabin module and the integrated mask module and is used for regulating the concentration of the anesthetic in the induction cabin module in an induction stage or dynamically regulating the anesthetic output quantity conveyed to the integrated mask module in a maintenance anesthesia stage.

Inventors

  • YANG HUI
  • XIONG YAO
  • WANG JINQIAN
  • Lei Shihui
  • LI WEI

Assignees

  • 湖南中医药大学第一附属医院((中医临床研究所))

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260317

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A small animal anesthesia experiment device, comprising: The electrospray type atomization medicine delivery module (100) is used for forming a high-voltage electrostatic field, and performing secondary atomization on anesthetic mist drops which are primarily atomized by the high-voltage electrostatic field by utilizing high-speed compressed air so as to generate anesthetic aerosol with the particle size of 1-5 mu m and output the anesthetic aerosol; The induction cabin module (200) is switchably connected with the output end of the electrospray atomization medicine delivery module (100) and is used for accommodating an experimental target and enabling the experimental target to rapidly enter an anesthetic state in an anesthetic aerosol environment; An animal anesthesia platform (300) downstream of the induction cabin module (200) for carrying and fixing an experimental target for subsequent experiments; The integrated mask module (400) is adjustably arranged on the animal anesthesia platform (300) and is switchably connected with the output end of the electronic spray type atomizing medicine delivery module (100) for monitoring the breathing frequency and/or the tidal volume of an experimental target wearing the mask in real time; And the main control unit (500) is respectively and electrically connected with the electrospray atomization drug delivery module (100), the induction cabin module (200) and the integrated mask module (400) and is used for adjusting the anesthetic concentration in the induction cabin module (200) in the induction stage or dynamically adjusting the anesthetic output quantity delivered to the integrated mask module (400) in the maintenance anesthesia stage.
  2. 2. The small animal anesthesia experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the output end of the electrospray atomization medicine feeding module (100) is provided as an air channel switching module (600), the first output end of the air channel switching module (600) is connected with the induction cabin module (200), the second output end of the air channel switching module (600) is connected with the integrated mask module (400), and the air channel switching module (600) is used for alternatively conveying anesthetic aerosol generated by the electrospray atomization medicine feeding module (100) to the induction cabin module (200) or the integrated mask module (400).
  3. 3. The small animal anesthesia experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrospray atomizing and drug delivery module (100) comprises an air-assisted coaxial electrospray nozzle (101), a high-voltage electrostatic generator (102), a precision injection pump (103) and a compressed air source (104); The gas-assisted coaxial electrospray nozzle (101) adopts a coaxial structure with inner liquid and outer gas, the inner layer of the gas-assisted coaxial electrospray nozzle (101) is connected with the precise injection pump (103), and the outer layer of the gas-assisted coaxial electrospray nozzle (101) is connected with the compressed gas source (104); the high-voltage electrostatic generator (102) is connected with the inner layer of the gas-assisted coaxial electrospray nozzle (101), anesthetic liquid is conveyed through the inner layer and forms a high-voltage electrostatic field at the outlet so as to perform primary atomization on the anesthetic liquid, and meanwhile, high-speed compressed air which is introduced into the outer layer is utilized to perform secondary atomization on anesthetic mist drops which are subjected to primary atomization through the high-voltage electrostatic field so as to generate anesthetic aerosol with the particle size of 1-5 mu m and output the anesthetic aerosol.
  4. 4. A small animal anesthesia experiment device according to claim 3, characterized in that the gas-assisted coaxial electrospray nozzle (101) comprises an annular gas circuit system and a central liquid circuit system; The annular gas circuit system is coaxially sleeved outside the central liquid circuit system, the central liquid circuit system of the inner layer is connected with the precise injection pump (103), and the annular gas circuit system of the outer layer is connected with the compressed gas source (104); the high-voltage electrostatic generator (102) is connected with the central liquid path system, and is used for conveying anesthetic liquid through the central liquid path system and forming a high-voltage electrostatic field at the outlet so as to perform primary atomization on the anesthetic liquid; The tail end air cavity (107) of the annular air circuit system is used for forming an air-liquid mixing area, high-speed compressed air conveyed by the annular air circuit system is used for secondarily atomizing anesthetic mist drops which are primarily atomized by the central liquid circuit system and generating anesthetic aerosol, and then the anesthetic aerosol is pushed into the air supply pipeline and output.
  5. 5. The small animal anesthesia experiment device according to claim 4, characterized in that the central liquid path system comprises a central liquid needle (1011), the central liquid needle (1011) adopts a medical grade 316L stainless steel capillary, the inner diameter is 0.15mm-0.8mm, the outer diameter is 0.6mm-1.0mm, and the tip cone angle of the central liquid needle (1011) is 30 ° -60 °; The central liquid needle (1011) is externally covered by an insulating sleeve (1013), the insulating sleeve (1013) is a PEEK miniature pipe, and the wall thickness is 0.2mm-0.5mm; the liquid inlet end of the central liquid needle (1011) is connected with the precise injection pump (103) through a high-pressure isolation liquid pipeline, and the distance between the liquid outlet end of the central liquid needle (1011) and the outlet of the annular gas circuit is 1.0cm-3.0cm.
  6. 6. The small animal anesthesia experiment device according to claim 5, characterized in that the annular air channel system comprises an annular air cavity (1014), the annular air cavity (1014) is a PEEK miniature tube, the annular gap width is 0.1mm-0.3mm, and the annular diameter is 1.5mm-3.0mm; The air inlet of the annular air cavity (1014) is connected with a compressed air source (104), the outer wall of the air outlet of the annular air cavity (1014) is provided with a copper ring (106), the copper ring (106) and the annular air cavity (1014) are coaxially arranged, and the diameter of the copper ring (106) is 2mm-5mm; the inside of the annular air cavity (1014) is provided with an airflow rectifying structure, the airflow rectifying structure adopts an annular porous plate (1015), a plurality of axial through holes are uniformly distributed on the annular porous plate (1015) along the circumference, the diameter of each axial through hole is 0.2mm-0.5mm, and the thickness of each axial through hole is 0.3mm-1.0mm.
  7. 7. The small animal anesthesia experiment device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the induction compartment module (200) comprises a tank (201); The top of the box body (201) is provided with a top cover (204) which is connected to the top opening in a sealing way through a hinge (202), a lock catch (203) and a sealing strip, the top cover (204) is provided with an air outlet, and the air outlet is connected to the waste gas treatment device (700); The bottom of the box body (201) is provided with an annular gas distribution pipe (205) and a gas inlet, the gas inlet is communicated with the annular gas distribution pipe (205), and the annular gas distribution pipe (205) is densely provided with gas distribution holes (206) so that gas enters through the gas inlet and then uniformly rises through the gas distribution holes (206) of the annular gas distribution pipe (205); The aperture of the air distribution small hole (206) is 0.3mm-0.8mm, the pitch of the holes is 5mm-15mm, and the included angle between the opening direction of the air distribution small hole (206) and the horizontal plane is 30-60 degrees, so that the air flow is uniformly dispersed in the cabin; The induction cabin module (200) further comprises a concentration sensor (207), the concentration sensor (207) is installed at the center of the inner wall of the box body (201) through a quick-plug type sealing joint and is electrically connected with the main control unit (500), the main control unit (500) adjusts the precise injection pump (103) of the electric spray type atomizing medicine delivery module (100) through a PID control algorithm according to the feedback signal of the concentration sensor (207), and PID parameters aiming at the volumes of different box bodies (201) are preset in the main control unit (500) so as to be convenient for automatic matching.
  8. 8. The small animal anesthesia experiment device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the integrated mask module (400) comprises a mask body (401), the mask body (401) is provided with an independent air inlet and an air outlet, and a one-way valve is arranged in each of the air inlet and the air outlet so that the air enters through the air inlet and is discharged through the air outlet; The gas outlet of the cover body (401) is provided with a split-flow type gas passage structure, the split-flow type gas passage structure comprises a main flow passage (402) and a sampling branch (403), and the gas flow sectional area of the branch is 15% of the gas flow sectional area of the main flow passage (402); The inlet end of the main runner (402) and the inlet end of the sampling branch (403) are intersected at the inlet end of the air outlet, the outlet end of the main runner (402) and the outlet end of the sampling branch (403) are intersected at the outlet end of the air outlet, and the air outlet is connected to the waste gas treatment device (700) through a waste gas hose; The top of the inner wall of the cover body (401) is provided with a nose support structure (405) which is used for being matched with the nose bridge of an experimental target to limit the depth of the mouth and nose extending into the mouth and nose and lead the nose tip to be opposite to the shunt point of the main runner (402) and the sampling branch (403).
  9. 9. The small animal anesthesia experiment device according to claim 8, characterized in that the cover (401) further comprises: The MEMS thermal membrane type flow sensor chip (404) is arranged in the sampling branch (403) and is used for detecting the flow speed and direction of the respiratory airflow; The sensor seat is used for fixing the MEMS hot film type flow sensor chip (404) on the sampling branch (403) and forming a sampling cavity; The signal conditioning circuit board is electrically connected with the MEMS hot film type flow sensor chip (404) and is used for amplifying and filtering sensor signals; the composite transmission cable is a multi-core shielding signal wire, a first end of the composite transmission cable is connected with a miniature aviation plug of the cover body (401), and a second end of the composite transmission cable is connected to the main control unit (500).
  10. 10. The small animal anesthesia experiment device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the main control unit (500) is electrically connected with the precision injection pump (103) in the electrospray nebulization drug delivery module (100), the concentration sensor (207) in the induction capsule module (200), the MEMS hot film flow sensor chip (404) in the integrated mask module (400), and the gas circuit switching module (600), respectively; the main control unit (500) is configured to: In the induction stage, according to a concentration signal fed back by a concentration sensor (207), the flow rate of the precise injection pump (103) is controlled in a closed loop manner so as to adjust the anesthetic concentration in the induction cabin module (200); During the maintenance phase, the flow rate of the precision syringe pump (103) is closed loop controlled to adjust the anesthetic concentration within the mask based on animal respiratory rate and/or tidal volume signals fed back by the integrated mask module (400).

Description

Anesthesia experimental device for small animals Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of animal anesthesia experiments, in particular to a small animal anesthesia experiment device. Background In life sciences research, safe, stable and reliable anesthesia of laboratory small mammals (commonly referred to collectively as "small animals" in the art, which typically represent, including mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, etc.) is a fundamental premise that many experimental procedures are conducted smoothly. The ideal anesthesia state requires animals to keep vital signs stable under painless and braked conditions, which is important to ensure operation safety and repeatability of experimental data. At present, the anesthesia of the small animals mainly adopts two modes of injection anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia, and has certain limitations: injection anesthesia is typically accomplished by intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of an anesthetic drug. The method has simple operation and rapid onset of drug action. However, accurate control of anesthetic doses is difficult due to significant individual differences in experimental animals. Under-dosage may cause over-anesthesia, and animals feel awake during surgery, while supplementary administration is also prone to risk of over-anesthesia, respiratory depression, etc. caused by dosage accumulation. In addition, the depth of injected anesthesia is difficult to adjust in a flexible, real-time manner after administration, and thus is not suitable for a surgical operation requiring maintenance of a stable anesthetic state for a long period of time. Inhalation anesthesia adopts volatile anesthetic such as isoflurane, sevoflurane, etc., and is supplied to animals by special equipment. This allows the anesthetic gas to be rapidly taken and removed by breathing, which facilitates the real-time control of the anesthetic depth during surgery, and is therefore more suitable for a variety of delicate surgeries requiring long-term operation, such as chest opening, craniotomy, abdominal cavity, etc., performed on small animals. However, the existing inhalation anesthesia technique has the following main problems: 1. The currently commonly adopted ultrasonic atomization or compressed gas atomization technology has the advantages that the particle size of the generated anesthetic aerosol is large (usually larger than 5 mu m), and the particle size distribution range is wide. Larger fogdrops are easy to deposit on the upper respiratory tract (such as nasal cavity and trachea) of animals, and are difficult to effectively reach the alveolus area to be absorbed efficiently, so that the problems of slow anesthesia induction, low medicine utilization efficiency, high anesthetic consumption and the like of small animals are caused. 2. Most of the existing small animal anesthesia devices only provide the output function of anesthetic gas, but fail to form automatic and real-time closed-loop feedback control of the anesthetic delivery rate and the real-time physiological states of experimental animals (especially the key parameters of respiratory rate, tidal volume and the like). The maintenance of the anesthesia depth mainly depends on the experience observation and manual adjustment of operators, and the open loop control mode is difficult to quickly and accurately respond to anesthesia depth fluctuation caused by individual difference, operation stimulation and other factors in operation, so that the difficulty of maintaining a stable anesthesia state is increased, and the safety of experimental animals and the stability of experimental results are potentially influenced. 3. In a specific experimental operation, the body position of a small animal (such as chest opening operation in a supine position and craniotomy in a prone position) can cause the mouth and nose orientation to change. The design of the existing small animal anesthesia mask is usually fixed, and is difficult to flexibly and conveniently adapt to the positions and postures of the heads of animals in different positions, so that the air tightness of an anesthetic gas conveying channel can be possibly influenced, and further adverse effects are caused on the consistency of anesthetic effects. Therefore, in the prior art, inhalation anesthesia methods and devices for small animals still need to be improved in atomization efficiency, control intellectualization and operation suitability, and there is a need for an anesthesia system which can realize efficient atomization delivery, precise closed-loop control based on physiological signal feedback, and can flexibly adapt to different experimental scenes. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a small animal anesthesia experimental device, which generates submicron-level anesthesia aerosol through gas-assisted coaxial electrospray, performs closed-loop feedback control on atomization output based on animal respiratory signals mo