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CN-121987986-A - Automatic fire-extinguishing blocking device for electric vehicle battery and automatic fire-extinguishing blocking method thereof

CN121987986ACN 121987986 ACN121987986 ACN 121987986ACN-121987986-A

Abstract

The application provides an electric vehicle battery automatic fire-extinguishing blocking device, which comprises an electric vehicle battery automatic fire-extinguishing blocking module and is used for an electric vehicle battery module, wherein the electric vehicle battery module comprises at least one electric vehicle battery unit, the electric vehicle battery automatic fire-extinguishing blocking module is of a multi-layer packaging structure, the multi-layer packaging structure comprises a first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inner layer, a first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking middle layer and an automatic fire-extinguishing blocking outer layer, the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking middle layer comprises a first fire-extinguishing material filled by pressure, and a ventilation and heat dissipation space is formed between the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inner layer and the electric vehicle battery unit.

Inventors

  • XU CHONGPING

Assignees

  • 徐崇平

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20241108

Claims (15)

  1. 1. The utility model provides an electric motor car battery automatic fire extinguishing blocking device which characterized in that, electric motor car battery automatic fire extinguishing blocking device includes: The electric vehicle battery automatic fire extinguishing blocking module is used for an electric vehicle battery module, the electric vehicle battery module comprises at least one electric vehicle battery unit, the electric vehicle battery automatic fire extinguishing blocking module is of a multi-layer packaging structure, the multi-layer packaging structure comprises a first automatic fire extinguishing blocking inner layer, a first automatic fire extinguishing blocking middle layer and an automatic fire extinguishing blocking outer layer, wherein the first automatic fire extinguishing blocking middle layer comprises a first fire extinguishing material filled by pressure, and a ventilation and heat dissipation space is formed between the first automatic fire extinguishing blocking inner layer and the electric vehicle battery unit.
  2. 2. The electric vehicle battery automatic fire extinguishing blocking device according to claim 1, wherein the first automatic fire extinguishing blocking inner layer is a first metal alloy layer, the automatic fire extinguishing blocking outer layer is a second metal alloy layer, and the pressure of the first automatic fire extinguishing blocking middle layer is more than 2.5 times of the pressure of the accumulated pressure.
  3. 3. The electric vehicle battery automatic fire extinguishing blocking device according to claim 1, wherein the first automatic fire extinguishing blocking inner layer is a first metal alloy layer, the automatic fire extinguishing blocking outer layer is a second metal alloy layer, and the pressurizing pressure of the first automatic fire extinguishing blocking middle layer is more than 36kgf/cm 2 .
  4. 4. A battery automatic fire extinguishing blocking device according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the first metal alloy layer has a lower melting point than the second metal alloy layer.
  5. 5. The automatic fire extinguishing blocking device for electric vehicle batteries according to claim 4, wherein the melting point of the first metal alloy layer is 200-640 ℃.
  6. 6. The automatic fire extinguishing blocking device of an electric vehicle battery of claim 5, wherein the second metal alloy layer has a melting point exceeding 1200 ℃.
  7. 7. The automatic fire extinguishing blocking apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first metal alloy layer is an aluminum alloy including a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, silicon, copper, magnesium, yttrium, and vanadium.
  8. 8. The electric vehicle battery automatic fire extinguishing blocking device of claim 7, wherein the second metal alloy layer is stainless steel including a material selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium, manganese, silicon, and molybdenum.
  9. 9. The automatic fire extinguishing blocking device for electric vehicle battery according to claim 8, wherein the first fire extinguishing material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfide, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, graphite powder, and copper powder.
  10. 10. The electric vehicle battery automatic fire-extinguishing blocking device of claim 1, wherein the multi-layered packaging structure further comprises a second automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inner layer and a second automatic fire-extinguishing blocking intermediate layer between the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking intermediate layer and the automatic fire-extinguishing blocking outer layer, the second automatic fire-extinguishing blocking intermediate layer comprising a second fire-extinguishing material filled with pressure.
  11. 11. The electric vehicle battery automatic fire extinguishing blocking device according to claim 10, wherein the first automatic fire extinguishing blocking inner layer further comprises a first pressure monitor, the second automatic fire extinguishing blocking middle layer further comprises a second pressure monitor, and the first pressure monitor and the second pressure monitor can be connected in series.
  12. 12. The automatic fire-extinguishing blocking method for the electric vehicle battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of: The utility model provides an electric vehicle battery automatic fire-extinguishing blocking module for an electric vehicle battery module, this electric vehicle battery automatic fire-extinguishing blocking module is a multilayer packaging structure, this multilayer packaging structure includes a first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inlayer, a first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking intermediate level and an automatic fire-extinguishing blocking outer layer, wherein this first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking intermediate level contains a first fire-extinguishing material by pressure packing, form a ventilation heat dissipation space between this first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inlayer and this electric vehicle battery module, when the temperature of this electric vehicle battery module exceeds the fusing point of this first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inlayer, this first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inlayer's partial region can melt and produce the hole, form the jet point, this first fire-extinguishing material can be spouted towards this electric vehicle battery module by this jet point because of pressure differential.
  13. 13. The automatic fire-extinguishing blocking method for the electric vehicle battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of: The method comprises the steps of providing an electric vehicle battery automatic fire-extinguishing blocking module for an electric vehicle battery module, wherein the electric vehicle battery automatic fire-extinguishing blocking module is of a multi-layer packaging structure, the multi-layer packaging structure comprises a first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inner layer, a first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking middle layer, a second automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inner layer, a second automatic fire-extinguishing blocking middle layer and an automatic fire-extinguishing blocking outer layer, the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking middle layer comprises a first fire-extinguishing material filled by pressure, the second automatic fire-extinguishing blocking middle layer comprises a second fire-extinguishing material filled by pressure, a ventilation heat dissipation space is formed between the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inner layer and the electric vehicle battery module, when the temperature of the electric vehicle battery module exceeds the melting point of the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inner layer, a part of the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inner layer is melted and a hole is formed, the first fire-extinguishing material is ejected from the ejection point towards the electric vehicle battery module due to pressure difference, and when the temperature of the first automatic fire-extinguishing material is still exceeding the melting point of the second automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inner layer, another part of the second fire-extinguishing material is ejected from another part of the electric vehicle battery module due to the pressure difference, and another fire-extinguishing ejection point is formed from another part of the second fire-extinguishing inner layer.
  14. 14. The method of claim 12 or 13, wherein the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking medium layer further comprises a first pressure monitor, and wherein the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking medium layer emits a first warning signal when the pressure of the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking medium layer is reduced to less than 100 psi.
  15. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking medium layer further comprises a first pressure monitor, the second automatic fire-extinguishing blocking medium layer further comprises a second pressure monitor, a first warning signal is sent when the pressure of the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking medium layer is reduced below 100psi, and a second warning signal is sent when the pressure of the second automatic fire-extinguishing blocking medium layer is reduced below 100 psi.

Description

Automatic fire-extinguishing blocking device for electric vehicle battery and automatic fire-extinguishing blocking method thereof Technical Field The application relates to an automatic fire-extinguishing blocking device and an automatic fire-extinguishing blocking method, in particular to an automatic fire-extinguishing blocking device and an automatic fire-extinguishing blocking method for an electric vehicle battery. Background In view of the current explosion of electric vehicles, no matter the electric vehicles are driven by pure electric power or hybrid electric power, a battery pack, such as a lithium battery or a cobalt battery, is arranged to be used as a power source of the motor. However, there are more and more accidental fire events of electric vehicles in the world, and not only are the electric vehicles difficult to extinguish after accidental fire, but fire fighters often need to use more water than the traditional fuel oil vehicles to control the fire, and how to effectively extinguish the fire caused by the electric vehicles seems to be a problem that fire authorities attach more importance to. As a large amount of energy is contained in the battery of the electric vehicle, once a large amount of heat energy is released at the moment of thermal runaway, the temperature can be over 600-1000 ℃ generally, and the general fire-fighting equipment cannot extinguish in time, and can prevent fire by using special fire-fighting materials by external force. However, the electric vehicle battery pack is usually arranged on the chassis of the electric vehicle due to the factors of safety and vehicle counterweight, special fire extinguishing materials cannot directly cool the electric vehicle battery pack, and fire can be extinguished only by a large amount of watering, watering and cooling until the electric vehicle battery is completely reacted, so that the electric vehicle battery pack is very time-consuming and difficult. Therefore, the electric vehicle battery is liable to cause a large accident or injury or death due to spontaneous combustion or thermal runaway of the fire. Based on the above, a new automatic fire-extinguishing blocking structure and an automatic fire-extinguishing blocking mode are provided to avoid the fire of the electric vehicle from spreading to the whole battery pack or the subsequent uncontrollable disasters such as thermal runaway and the like, which are the problems to be solved by the application. Disclosure of Invention The application has the advantage that no additional sensor or complex current blocking and protecting device is needed. The design relies on natural reactions of material characteristics to initiate the fire extinguishing process without the need for external power sources or complex sensor deployment and monitoring, reducing maintenance costs and failure risks. The modularized design is convenient for future maintenance, overhaul and battery replacement, and the modularized design can be used for adopting a module or an integral design collocation for convenient integral design. The application provides an electric vehicle battery automatic fire-extinguishing blocking device, which comprises an electric vehicle battery automatic fire-extinguishing blocking module and is used for an electric vehicle battery module, wherein the electric vehicle battery module comprises at least one electric vehicle battery unit, the electric vehicle battery automatic fire-extinguishing blocking module is of a multi-layer packaging structure, the multi-layer packaging structure comprises a first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inner layer, a first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking middle layer and an automatic fire-extinguishing blocking outer layer, the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking middle layer comprises a first fire-extinguishing material filled by pressure, and a ventilation and heat dissipation space is formed between the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inner layer and the electric vehicle battery unit. Further, the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inner layer is a first metal alloy layer, the automatic fire-extinguishing blocking outer layer is a second metal alloy layer, and the pressure of the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking middle layer is more than 2.5 times of the pressure accumulation. Further, the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking inner layer is a first metal alloy layer, the automatic fire-extinguishing blocking outer layer is a second metal alloy layer, and the pressurizing pressure of the first automatic fire-extinguishing blocking middle layer is more than 36kgf/cm 2. Further, wherein the first metal alloy layer has a lower melting point than the second metal alloy layer. Further, the melting point of the first metal alloy layer is 200-640 ℃. Further, wherein the second metal alloy layer has a melting point exceeding 1200 ℃. Further, wherein the first metal alloy layer is an aluminum a