Search

CN-121987993-A - High-efficient fire control shower nozzle based on liquid nitrogen class low temperature working medium

CN121987993ACN 121987993 ACN121987993 ACN 121987993ACN-121987993-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-efficiency fire-fighting nozzle based on liquid nitrogen low-temperature working medium, which is specially used for the safety protection of new energy batteries. The fire-fighting nozzle consists of an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the inner layer is a working medium conveying and forming assembly consisting of an inner pipe, an inner head and a conical cylinder, the outer layer is a supporting assembly consisting of an outer pipe and an outer head, a vacuum heat insulation clamping cavity is arranged between the inner layer and the outer layer for keeping cold, and the inner head and the outer head jointly form a prismatic section nozzle. The core innovation of the device is that a prismatic nozzle is utilized to shape a working medium into a prismatic liquid column, the structure induces the peripheral edges and corners of jet flow to vaporize preferentially, an inert gas curtain is formed to cover a central liquid core, radial flash evaporation is effectively delayed, and the liquid column is prevented from necking and breaking. The technology remarkably improves jet stability and penetration depth, realizes orderly controllable vaporization of low-temperature working media, ensures accurate coverage of deep fire sources of the battery pack, and greatly improves fire extinguishing efficiency.

Inventors

  • HU FAXIANG
  • ZHANG FEI
  • JIANG HUACHEN
  • WANG WEI

Assignees

  • 安徽汉星能源有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260323

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A high-efficient fire control shower nozzle based on liquid nitrogen class low temperature working medium, its characterized in that: comprises an outer tube (2), an outer head (3), a conical cylinder (4), an inner tube (5) and an inner head (6); The inner head (6) is fixed at one end of the inner tube (5), and the small diameter end of the conical cylinder (4) is fixed at the other end of the inner tube (5); the outer tube (2) is sleeved outside the inner tube (5), the outer head (3) is fixed at one end of the outer tube (2), and the large-diameter end of the conical cylinder (4) is fixed with one side, far away from the outer head (3), of the inner wall of the outer tube (2); The outer head (3) is of an open prismatic structure, and forms a forming nozzle (61) with a prismatic section with the inner head (6), and a vacuum heat insulation clamping cavity (1) is formed between the whole of the inner pipe (5) and the conical cylinder body (4) and the outer pipe (2); the cross section of the prismatic liquid column sprayed out of the forming nozzle (61) consists of a central round body (01) and n isosceles triangle straight wedge bodies (02) which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; Wherein n=4-6, the apex of the isosceles triangle-shaped right wedge (02) faces outward.
  2. 2. The high-efficiency fire-fighting nozzle based on the liquid nitrogen low-temperature working medium, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that: after the prismatic liquid column is sprayed out, the liquid in the area of the circumferential isosceles triangle straight wedge body (02) is vaporized first to form a low-temperature protective layer (03); The low-temperature protective layer (03) continuously diffuses along with the working medium in the forward conveying process to form a peripheral protective layer (04); the low-temperature protective layer (03) and the peripheral protective layer (04) form a low-temperature inert gas curtain together at the periphery of the central liquid core at the central round body (01).
  3. 3. The high-efficiency fire-fighting nozzle based on the liquid nitrogen low-temperature working medium, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that: defining the radius of the central round body (01) as r, the height of the isosceles triangle-shaped straight wedge body (02) as h, and the ratio of h/r as 0.6-0.9.
  4. 4. The high-efficiency fire-fighting nozzle based on the liquid nitrogen low-temperature working medium, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the cone angle of the conical cylinder body (4) is 10-25 degrees.
  5. 5. The high-efficiency fire-fighting nozzle based on the liquid nitrogen low-temperature working medium, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that: The outer tube (2) and the inner tube (5) are made of stainless steel or copper alloy materials.
  6. 6. The high-efficiency fire-fighting nozzle based on the liquid nitrogen low-temperature working medium, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprises an internal thread joint (9) connected with the flow supply pipe (91); An external thread part matched with the internal thread joint (9) is arranged on the outer edge wall of the outer tube (2) near one end of the conical cylinder body (4); a plurality of clamping pieces (8) are annularly and uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the outer tube (2), and the outer tube (2) is also provided with a bag type pushing unit; When the internal thread joint (9) is screwed on the external thread part on the outer tube (2), the clamping piece (8) is driven to swing by utilizing the cooperation of the internal thread joint (9) and the bag type pushing unit so as to form a barb-shaped structure in interference fit with the inner side wall surface of the battery box (05).
  7. 7. The high-efficiency fire-fighting nozzle based on the liquid nitrogen low-temperature working medium, which is disclosed in claim 6, is characterized in that: a plurality of mounting grooves (21) are formed in the outer wall of the outer tube (2) in an annular array mode, and the clamping pieces (8) are hinged in the mounting grooves (21) in a one-to-one correspondence mode; a spring (81) is fixed on the inner wall of the mounting groove (21), and the other end of the spring (81) is fixed with the clamping piece (8) and is used for traction of swing reset of the clamping piece (8); when the clamping piece (8) swings outwards and expands until the end of the clamping piece is abutted against the inner wall of the mounting groove (21), the clamping piece (8) is positioned at the limit position of swing expansion; when the clamping element (8) is returned to the extreme position, it does not protrude outside the mounting groove (21).
  8. 8. The high-efficiency fire-fighting nozzle based on the liquid nitrogen low-temperature working medium, which is disclosed in claim 7, is characterized in that: the bag type pushing unit comprises an annular air bag (7) and an air bag (73); The air bag bodies (73) which are matched with the clamping pieces (8) in an extrusion mode are embedded in the mounting grooves (21), and the air bag bodies (73) deform and expand along the radial direction of the outer tube (2) when inflated; An annular flange body (71) is integrally formed between the mounting groove (21) and the external thread part on the outer wall of the outer tube (2), and the annular air bag (7) is fixedly sleeved on the peripheral wall of the annular flange body (71); The thickness of the annular flange body (71) is smaller than the span of the annular air bag (7) along the axial direction of the outer tube (2), and the fixed connection point of the annular flange body (71) and the annular air bag (7) is close to the middle of the inner edge wall of the annular air bag (7); A plurality of air passages (72) are uniformly distributed in the outer tube (2), one end of each air passage (72) is correspondingly communicated with the corresponding air bag body (73), and the other end of each air passage penetrates through the annular flange body (71) and is correspondingly communicated with the corresponding annular air bag (7); When the clamping piece (8) is reset to the limit position, the air bag body (73) is in a contracted state, and the annular air bag (7) withdraws air.
  9. 9. The high-efficiency fire-fighting nozzle based on the liquid nitrogen low-temperature working medium, which is disclosed in claim 6, is characterized in that: the end part of the internal thread joint (9) is rotatably provided with a squeezing ring (92) which is in interference fit with the annular air bag (7).
  10. 10. The high-efficiency fire-fighting nozzle based on the liquid nitrogen low-temperature working medium, which is disclosed in claim 6, is characterized in that: a limiting block (201) is integrally formed on the outer wall of the outer tube (2).

Description

High-efficient fire control shower nozzle based on liquid nitrogen class low temperature working medium Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of safety protection of new energy batteries, in particular to a high-efficiency fire-fighting nozzle based on liquid nitrogen low-temperature working media. Background The lithium ion battery thermal runaway fire is a great hidden trouble in the fields of new energy automobiles and energy storage, the thermal runaway temperature can reach 800-1000 ℃, and the traditional extinguishing agent (water, foam and dry powder) has limited inhibition effect. Liquid nitrogen (boiling point-196 ℃ C.) and liquid carbon dioxide (boiling point-78.5 ℃ C.) are used as ideal fire extinguishing media, and the action mechanism is that the coupling effect of extremely rapid cooling and inert environment construction is that the extremely rapid heat absorption enables the temperature of the center of a fire source and the surface of a combustible to be broken down, the activation energy threshold required by the combustion reaction is broken through rapidly, the chain reaction is cut off from the thermodynamic level, and the inert environment inhibits the waste heat transfer and the oxidation of the combustible gas, so that the rapid inhibition and the reburning blocking are realized. However, when the conventional atomizer is applied to a deep low-temperature working medium, the following defects are easy to exist: The traditional spray head breaks liquid bundles through mechanical structures (swirl grooves, tiny spray holes and the like) to promote evaporation, but the vaporization latent heat of the deep low-temperature working medium is relatively lower than that of water, the temperature difference between the deep low-temperature working medium and the environment is large, and the vaporization is extremely rapid. Mechanical atomization further accelerates vaporization, so that the working medium is completely vaporized near the nozzle, the volume expansion of the gas phase is hundreds of times, the kinetic energy is attenuated, the penetration depth of the liquid phase is insufficient, and the deep part of the battery pack is difficult to reach. The traditional spray head relies on 0.5-2mm fine spray holes, a deep low-temperature working medium generates gas-liquid two-phase flow in the conveying process, and when the two-phase flow passes through the pore channel, the high-speed two-phase flow generates a low-temperature effect and ice crystal accumulation at the narrow pore channel, so that blockage is easy to occur randomly. The traditional spray head breaks liquid bundles through mechanical structures (a swirl groove, an impact plate, a fine spray hole and the like), the specific surface area of a working medium is pursued to be rapidly maximized, but when the spray head is used for a deep low-temperature working medium, the temperature field is seriously uneven and difficult to predict due to the fact that vaporization heat absorption occurs near the spray hole, an effective fire extinguishing environment is difficult to form in time, meanwhile, the fire-fighting working medium is low-temperature liquid, the fire-fighting working medium is instantaneously vaporized in a natural environment, the volume is rapidly expanded, the medium is sprayed and vaporized, and because the space in a battery pack is narrow, liquid nitrogen gas is not rapidly diffused, a pressure release valve is not used for working, and the explosion of an upper cover of the battery pack is extremely easy to cause. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency fire-fighting nozzle based on liquid nitrogen low-temperature working medium, which solves the technical problems in the background technology. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions. The high-efficiency fire-fighting nozzle based on the liquid nitrogen low-temperature working medium comprises an outer pipe, an outer head, a conical barrel, an inner pipe and an inner head, wherein the inner head is fixed at one end of the inner pipe, and the small diameter end of the conical barrel is fixed at the other end of the inner pipe; the cross section of the prismatic liquid column sprayed out of the forming nozzle consists of a central circular body and n isosceles triangle-shaped straight wedge bodies which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, wherein n=4-6, and the top points of the isosceles triangle-shaped straight wedge bodies face to the outer side. In one embodiment, after the prismatic liquid column is sprayed out, the liquid in the area of the isosceles triangle-shaped straight wedge body in the circumferential direction is vaporized first to form a low-temperature protective layer; the low-temperature protective layer continuously diffuses along with the working medium in the forward conveying process to form a per