CN-121988099-A - Method for quickly preparing renewable biomass filter material by modifying banana tree residues through microwave plasma

CN121988099ACN 121988099 ACN121988099 ACN 121988099ACN-121988099-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly preparing a renewable biomass filter material by modifying banana tree residues through microwave plasma, and belongs to the field of solid waste recycling and environmental functional materials. The method comprises the following steps of (1) sorting, removing impurities, cutting, crushing, drying, dehydrating, finely crushing and screening banana tree residues to obtain homogenized powder, soaking and activating the powder and caustic soda water solution at normal temperature to obtain wet materials, (2) mixing banana tree residue powder and caustic soda water solution, soaking and activating at normal temperature to obtain wet materials, and (3) rapidly modifying the wet materials in microwave plasma equipment, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing, compression molding and low-temperature drying to obtain the massive renewable biomass filter material. The biomass filter material has high porosity, high mechanical strength and high reproducibility, and the preparation method is energy-saving and environment-friendly, is hopeful to be applied to the field of sewage treatment, and realizes the large-scale value-added utilization of banana tree residues.

Inventors

WANG ZHEN
ZHONG ZHIWEI
YANG HAIHUI
WANG GUOHUAN
LU JINSHAN

Assignees

南昌航空大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260202

Claims (6)

1. The method for quickly preparing the renewable biomass filter material by modifying the banana tree residues through microwave plasma is characterized by comprising the following process steps of: Step S1, sorting, removing impurities, cutting, crushing, drying, dehydrating, finely crushing and screening banana tree residues to obtain homogenized banana tree residue powder; S2, mixing banana tree residue powder with caustic soda water solution, and soaking and activating at normal temperature to obtain wet materials; And S3, placing the wet material in microwave plasma for modification, performing solid-liquid separation and washing, performing compression molding, and drying at low temperature to obtain the sheet-shaped renewable biomass filter material.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the particle size of the banana tree residue powder is 40-80 meshes, and the water content of the powder is less than or equal to 10%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the concentration of the aqueous solution of caustic soda is 0.5-1.5 mol/L, the liquid-solid mass ratio is 10-15, and the activation time is 30-60 min.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the microwave power of the microwave plasma processing apparatus is 300 to 600W, and the modification time is 1 to 5 minutes.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the molding pressure is 0.5-1.0 MPa, the low-temperature drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is 12-24 hours.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the block-shaped renewable biomass filter media has a total porosity of 70% -80%, a pore size of 0.5 nm-5 μm and a compressive strength of 1.0-1.5 MPa, and is capable of being recycled for 5-8 times, i.e. is capable of being reused for 5-8 times after reverse osmosis washing with purified water.

Description

Method for quickly preparing renewable biomass filter material by modifying banana tree residues through microwave plasma Technical Field The invention belongs to the field of solid waste recycling and environmental functional materials, and particularly relates to a renewable biomass filter material derived from banana tree residues and a preparation method thereof. Background China is a large country for banana planting, a large amount of residues (pseudo stems, leaf sheaths and stems) are generated after banana harvesting each year, and the waste is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and has huge total amount but extremely low utilization rate. At present, a large number of banana tree residues are disposed in a burning or landfill mode, so that not only land resources are occupied, but also soil and water pollution is caused by infiltration, dust emission and the like, and the ecological environment problem is caused, and the ecological environment problem is not in accordance with the environmental protection requirement under the current 'double carbon' target. Therefore, the high-value utilization of the biomass waste is an important subject for recycling the biomass waste. In recent years, biomass filter media have been widely paid attention to fields such as sewage treatment and air purification, and development of related technologies has been advanced to some extent. The banana fiber is used as a single raw material, and the membrane cloth (CN202511171648. X) is prepared through multi-step processes such as degumming, supermolecule modification and spin coating, so that the functionalization performance is improved, but the process is complicated, the preparation period is long (one-step freeze drying is up to 12 hours), and the energy consumption is high (including a high-temperature hot-press ring node), which is seriously different from the low-carbon energy-saving requirement under the current 'double-carbon' target. Meanwhile, the technology only utilizes banana tree fiber components, does not realize the full component utilization of the residue, and has low resource utilization rate. In addition, an industrial solid waste-based filter material preparation technology (CN 202511283560.7) provides a full-component utilization thought, but adopts an acid leaching-alkaline hydrothermal-polymerization multi-step process, the hydrothermal time is as long as 12-72 hours, the method cannot be directly applied to biomass resources aiming at inorganic solid waste design, and the problems of complex process and high energy consumption are difficult to adapt to the low-cost and rapid preparation requirements of the biomass filter material. In addition, the filter material (CN 201110179164.1) is prepared from mixed raw materials such as plant waste, animal fur, waste plastic and the like through steam explosion and mechanical pressing, so that the waste is recycled, but the problems of complex raw material components, high temperature and high pressure (high energy consumption) of the steam explosion exist, and the reproducibility of the materials is limited by relying on the animal fur. The research and development of the biomass filter materials still face three core bottlenecks to date, namely complex preparation process, high energy consumption, low resource utilization rate, failure of high-efficiency conversion of all components of solid waste of biomass, and insufficient comprehensive performance of the filter materials, low porosity and mechanical strength, difficulty in regeneration and limitation of large-scale application. Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for quickly preparing the renewable biomass filter material at low temperature by taking banana tree residues as raw materials and adopting an alkaline leaching activation-microwave plasma modification combined technology. Compared with the traditional hydrothermal method, the energy consumption is reduced by more than 60 percent, and the utilization rate of banana tree residues exceeds 90 percent. The method has the advantages of greatly shortening the production period, reducing the energy consumption, greatly improving the porosity, the mechanical strength and the regenerability of the biomass filter material, being hopeful to be applied to the field of sewage treatment and having obvious economic and ecological benefits. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a renewable biomass filter material derived from banana tree residues and a preparation method thereof. The banana tree residue is subjected to pretreatment, alkaline leaching activation, microwave plasma modification, compression molding, low-temperature drying and other process steps to prepare the renewable biomass filter material with high porosity and high mechanical strength. The renewable biomass filter material widens the resource utilization way of banana tree residues, and the preparation technology is energy-saving and envir