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CN-121988154-A - Retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas cascade treatment system

CN121988154ACN 121988154 ACN121988154 ACN 121988154ACN-121988154-A

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic recovery, and provides a retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas cascade treatment system. The decommissioning photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas cascade treatment system comprises a pyrolysis furnace and a tail gas treatment mechanism, wherein the tail gas treatment mechanism comprises a gas collecting device, a dust removing device, a neutralizing device and an adsorbing device which are sequentially communicated, the gas collecting device, the dust removing device, the neutralizing device and the adsorbing device form a closed gas flow path, the gas collecting device is arranged on the pyrolysis furnace and is communicated with the interior of the pyrolysis furnace so that flue gas exhausted by the pyrolysis furnace can flow along the gas flow path, the dust removing device is used for cleaning particulate matters in the flue gas, the neutralizing device is used for neutralizing acidic pollutants in the flue gas, and the adsorbing device is used for adsorbing volatile organic matters in the flue gas. Dust collecting equipment, neutralization equipment, adsorption equipment are respectively to particulate matter, acidic pollutant, the volatile organic compounds in the flue gas carry out accurate removal, have realized the hierarchical purification treatment of photovoltaic module pyrolysis flue gas.

Inventors

  • YANG ZHAOYI
  • YU HONGBO
  • LI XINGZHI

Assignees

  • 北京环球中科水务科技股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20251230

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas cascade treatment system is characterized by comprising a pyrolysis furnace (1) and a tail gas treatment mechanism; The tail gas treatment mechanism comprises a gas collecting device (2), a dust removing device, a neutralizing device (5) and an adsorption device (7) which are sequentially communicated; the gas collecting device (2), the dust removing device, the neutralizing device (5) and the adsorption device (7) form a closed gas flow path; The gas collecting device (2) is arranged on the pyrolysis furnace (1) and is communicated with the interior of the pyrolysis furnace (1) so that the flue gas discharged by the pyrolysis furnace (1) can flow along the gas flow path; the dust removal equipment is used for cleaning particles in the flue gas, the neutralization equipment (5) is used for neutralizing acidic pollutants in the flue gas, and the adsorption equipment (7) is used for adsorbing volatile organic compounds in the flue gas.
  2. 2. The retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas cascade treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas collecting equipment (2) comprises a gas collecting tank (21) and a first fan; the gas collection box (21) is arranged on the top side of the pyrolysis furnace (1), a gas storage cavity is formed in the gas collection box (21), and the gas storage cavity is communicated with the interior of the pyrolysis furnace (1) and the dust removal equipment; the first fan is arranged on the gas collection box (21) so as to drive the flue gas generated by the pyrolysis furnace (1) to enter the gas storage cavity.
  3. 3. The retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas step treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that the gas collecting equipment (2) further comprises two gas collecting hoods (22), wherein the gas collecting hoods (22) are provided with collecting ports, and the collecting ports of the two gas collecting hoods (22) are communicated with the gas collecting tank (21); The two opposite sides of the pyrolysis furnace (1) are respectively provided with an inlet and an outlet, two gas collecting hoods (22) are respectively arranged on the top sides of the inlet and the outlet, and the two collecting ports face the inlet and the outlet, so that the two gas collecting hoods (22) can jointly collect the flue gas dissipated by the inlet and the outlet.
  4. 4. The retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas cascade treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that the dust removal equipment comprises a cyclone dust collector (3) and a water scrubber (4); The cyclone dust collector (3) is communicated with the water washing tower (4) and is arranged at the upstream of the water washing tower (4), so that the cyclone dust collector (3) and the water washing tower (4) can sequentially clean particulate matters in the flue gas, and the water washing tower (4) is used for reducing the temperature of the flue gas.
  5. 5. The retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas cascade treatment system of claim 4, characterized in that the water scrubber (4) comprises a first tower body (41) and a first spray device (42); A water washing cavity is formed in the first tower body (41), and the first spraying device (42) is arranged in the water washing cavity and is used for spraying atomized clear water into the water washing cavity; The bottom end of the first tower body (41) is provided with a first air inlet part (411), the top end of the first tower body (41) is provided with a first air outlet part (412), the washing cavity is communicated with the cyclone dust collector (3) through the first air inlet part (411), and the washing cavity is communicated with the neutralization equipment (5) through the first air outlet part (412); The water outlet end of the first spraying device (42) is arranged towards the first air inlet part (411).
  6. 6. The retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas cascade treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that the neutralization device (5) comprises an alkaline liquor spray tower comprising a second tower body (51), a second filtering part (53) and a second spraying device (52); A neutralization cavity is formed in the second tower body (51), and the second spraying device (52) is arranged in the neutralization cavity and is used for spraying atomized alkaline solution into the washing cavity; The bottom end of the second tower body (51) is provided with a second air inlet part (511), the top end of the second tower body (51) is provided with a second air outlet part (512), the neutralization cavity is communicated with the dust removing equipment through the second air inlet part (511), and the neutralization cavity is communicated with the adsorption equipment (7) through the second air outlet part (512); the water outlet end of the second spraying device (52) is arranged towards the second air inlet part (511).
  7. 7. The retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas cascade treatment system of claim 6, wherein the lye spray tower further comprises a mist eliminator (6), wherein the mist eliminator (6) is disposed in the neutralization chamber and is located between the second spray device (52) and the second gas outlet (512) to adsorb droplets in the flue gas flowing through the mist eliminator (6).
  8. 8. The retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas cascade treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that the adsorption equipment (7) comprises a tank (71) and an activated carbon module (72); the two opposite sides of the box body (71) are respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet is communicated with the neutralization equipment (5), and the activated carbon component (72) is arranged in the box body (71); The flue gas discharged from the neutralization device (5) flows through the activated carbon assembly (72) through the air inlet and is discharged from the air outlet.
  9. 9. The retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas cascade treatment system of claim 8, characterized in that the adsorption equipment (7) further comprises an exhaust body (73) and a second fan; An exhaust cavity is formed in the exhaust main body (73), a chimney (74) communicated with the exhaust cavity is arranged at the top of the exhaust main body, the exhaust cavity is communicated with the adsorption device, and the second fan is arranged in the exhaust cavity so as to drive flue gas in the box body (71) to enter the exhaust and be discharged through the chimney (74).
  10. 10. The retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas cascade treatment system of any one of claims 1-9, further comprising a temperature detector and a controller; the temperature detector is arranged on the pyrolysis furnace (1) and is used for detecting the temperature inside the pyrolysis furnace (1); The controller is electrically connected with the temperature detector to receive detection data of the temperature detector; The gas collecting device (2), the dust removing device, the neutralizing device (5) and the adsorption device (7) are all electrically connected, so that the controller can respectively control the gas collecting device (2), the dust removing device, the neutralizing device (5) and the adsorption device (7) to work according to detection data of the temperature detector.

Description

Retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas cascade treatment system Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic recovery, in particular to a retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas cascade treatment system. Background The photovoltaic supply chain covers the whole process of silicon material purification, ingot pulling, slicing, battery and auxiliary materials, components, balance parts, system integration until application and retirement recovery. Component recycling is considered the "last mile" of the photovoltaic industry chain, as is the "last mile" to achieve the green full life cycle management of the photovoltaic. The retired photovoltaic module belongs to an emerging solid waste, and harmless treatment and efficient recovery of the retired photovoltaic module can not only avoid secondary pollution generated after retirement and recover valuable materials such as silver, copper, aluminum and silicon, so that remarkable environmental and circular economic benefits are brought, the construction of a green manufacturing closed loop of the photovoltaic industry is facilitated, sustainable ecological design is promoted, and the global social benefits of the photovoltaic industry in China are improved. Therefore, recycling and innocent treatment of photovoltaic modules have become one of the core issues of industrial and environmental concerns. At present, the photovoltaic module recovery technology can realize separation of the backboard and the adhesive film, but smoke generated in the pyrolysis process is complex in composition and often contains pollutants such as fluoride, volatile organic compounds, particulate matters and the like. The tail gas treatment system matched with the traditional pyrolysis device has a simple structure, has limited comprehensive purification capability on multi-component complex smoke, is difficult to finish the operations of high-efficiency defluorination, deep removal of organic matters and fine dust removal to purify the smoke, is easy to cause harmful component dissipation, brings environmental risks, and simultaneously affects the continuous, stable and clean operation of the pyrolysis system. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the technical problems or at least partially solve the technical problems, the application provides a retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas cascade treatment system. The application provides a retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis and tail gas cascade treatment system, which comprises a pyrolysis furnace and a tail gas treatment mechanism; The tail gas treatment mechanism comprises a gas collecting device, a dust removing device, a neutralizing device and an adsorbing device which are sequentially communicated; The gas collecting device, the dust removing device, the neutralizing device and the adsorption device form a closed gas flow path; The gas collecting equipment is arranged on the pyrolysis furnace and is communicated with the interior of the pyrolysis furnace, so that the flue gas exhausted by the pyrolysis furnace can flow along the gas flow path; The dust removing equipment is used for cleaning particles in the flue gas, the neutralizing equipment is used for neutralizing acidic pollutants in the flue gas, and the adsorption equipment is used for adsorbing volatile organic compounds in the flue gas. Optionally, the gas collecting device comprises a gas collecting tank and a first fan; The gas collecting box is arranged on the top side of the pyrolysis furnace, a gas storage cavity is formed in the gas collecting box, and the gas storage cavity is communicated with the inside of the pyrolysis furnace and the dust removing equipment; the first fan is arranged on the gas collecting box so as to drive the flue gas generated by the pyrolysis furnace to enter the gas storage cavity. Optionally, the gas collecting device further comprises two gas collecting hoods, wherein the gas collecting hoods are provided with collecting ports, and the collecting ports of the two gas collecting hoods are communicated with the gas collecting box; The pyrolysis furnace is equipped with import and export respectively in the both sides that the pyrolysis furnace is relative, two the gas collecting channel set up respectively in import with the top side of export, and two the collection mouth orientation import with the export sets up, so that two the gas collecting channel is collected jointly import with the flue gas of export loss. Optionally, the dust removing device comprises a cyclone dust remover and a water scrubber; the cyclone dust collector is communicated with the water scrubber and is arranged at the upstream of the water scrubber, so that the cyclone dust collector and the water scrubber can clean particulate matters in the flue gas in sequence, and the water scrubber is used for reducing the temperature of the flue gas. Optionally, the water washing tower comprises a fir