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CN-121988233-A - Nozzle, fluidized bed reactor gas distributor and fluidized bed reactor

CN121988233ACN 121988233 ACN121988233 ACN 121988233ACN-121988233-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a nozzle, a fluidized bed reactor gas distributor and a fluidized bed reactor, wherein the nozzle comprises a pipe body and a guide body, the pipe body comprises an air inlet pipe, an air guide pipe and an exhaust pipe which are sequentially connected, the air guide pipe is provided with a cylindrical air guide space, the air inlet pipe is provided with an air inlet and an air inlet space which gradually expands from the air inlet to the air guide space, the exhaust pipe is provided with an air outlet and an air outlet space which gradually tapers from the air guide space to the air outlet, and the guide body is arranged in the air guide space. The gas guide body is arranged in the gas guide space, gas encounters the gas guide body when flowing in the gas guide space, the gas can only pass through the annular gap between the gas guide body and the inner wall surface of the flow guide pipe, the sectional area of the gas channel is firstly reduced and then enlarged, and the local high-speed flow field is manufactured by utilizing the pneumatic action to inhibit the backward flow of particles, so that the accumulation is prevented.

Inventors

  • XU JUN
  • YE JUNXIANG
  • LIU ZIYAN
  • LI YONGZHENG

Assignees

  • 中国石油化工股份有限公司
  • 中石化（上海）石油化工研究院有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20241107

Claims (13)

  1. 1. The nozzle is characterized by comprising a pipe body and a guide body, wherein the pipe body comprises an air inlet pipe, an air guide pipe and an exhaust pipe which are sequentially connected, the air guide pipe is provided with a cylindrical air guide space, the air inlet pipe is provided with an air inlet and an air inlet space gradually expanding from the air inlet to the air guide space, the exhaust pipe is provided with an exhaust port and an exhaust space gradually shrinking from the air guide space to the exhaust port, and the guide body is arranged in the air guide space.
  2. 2. The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the air inlet is 0.1-0.6 times the diameter of the air guide space, and the height of the air inlet space is 0.2-2.5 times the diameter of the air guide space.
  3. 3. The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the exhaust port is 0.3 to 0.95 times the diameter of the air guide space, and the height of the exhaust space is 0.2 to 2.7 times the diameter of the air guide space.
  4. 4. The nozzle of claim 1, wherein the height of the air guiding space is 0.5-5 times its diameter.
  5. 5. The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the flow guide body is a conical flow guide body, the conical axis of the conical flow guide body coincides with the central axis of the air guide space, the height of the conical flow guide body is 0.7-3 times of the diameter of the air guide space, the diameter of the bottom surface of the conical flow guide body is 0.5-0.8 times of the diameter of the air guide space, and the distance between the bottom surface of the conical flow guide body and the air inlet is 0.1-0.95 times of the height of the pipe body.
  6. 6. The nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the flow guide body is a water-drop-shaped flow guide body, the symmetry axis of the water-drop-shaped flow guide body coincides with the central axis of the air guide space, the blunt end of the water-drop-shaped flow guide body faces the air inlet, the narrowest width of a radial annular gap formed by the water-drop-shaped flow guide body and the inner wall surface of the air guide pipe is 0.1-0.4 times of the diameter of the air guide space, the total height of the water-drop-shaped flow guide body is 0.5-0.8 times of the diameter of the air guide space, and the distance between the water-drop-shaped flow guide body and the air inlet is 0.1-0.95 times of the height of the pipe body.
  7. 7. The nozzle of claim 1, wherein the side wall of the tube body is provided with an injection channel communicated with the air guide space, and the injection channel is arranged at an included angle with the central axis of the air guide space.
  8. 8. The nozzle of claim 7, wherein the included angle between the injection passage and the central axis of the air guide space is 30-60 degrees.
  9. 9. The nozzle of claim 7, wherein the plurality of injection passages are evenly distributed along the circumference of the tube.
  10. 10. A gas distributor for a fluidized bed reactor, comprising a distribution plate and the nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the nozzle is penetratingly installed on the distribution plate, wherein the gas inlet is located at one side of the distribution plate, and the gas outlet is located at the other side of the distribution plate.
  11. 11. The fluidized bed reactor gas distributor according to claim 10, wherein the distribution plate is circular, the distribution plate is divided into a first zone, a second zone and a third zone in sequence along a radial direction from the center thereof, the first zone, the second zone and the third zone are each provided with the nozzle, and the diameters of the gas guiding spaces of the nozzles located in the first zone, the second zone and the third zone are different.
  12. 12. The fluidized bed reactor gas distributor of claim 11, wherein the first zone, the second zone, and the third zone occupy a surface area of the distribution plate in a proportion of 0.02 to 0.05 for the first zone, 0.33 to 0.9 for the second zone, and 0.05 to 0.33 for the third zone, respectively.
  13. 13. A fluidized bed reactor characterized by comprising the fluidized bed reactor gas distributor of claims 10-12.

Description

Nozzle, fluidized bed reactor gas distributor and fluidized bed reactor Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of chemical equipment, in particular to a nozzle, a fluidized bed reactor gas distributor and a fluidized bed reactor. Background Nozzles are often used, for example, to introduce a gas into a solid bed, such as a fluidized bed. The introduction of gas into the solid bed via nozzles is typically carried out by means of a windbox from which the gas is introduced into the solid bed by means of a suitable fluidised bed reactor gas distributor. In this case, it is necessary to arrange the fluidized bed reactor gas distributor such that particles from the solid bed cannot enter the windbox through the fluidized bed reactor gas distributor. The fluidized bed reactor gas distributor may be, for example, a sparger, a perforated plate, a distribution plate, or a nozzle plate. The gas should be uniformly distributed over the entire cross section by the fluidized bed reactor gas distributor. The fluidized bed reactor gas distributor comprises a distributor plate and nozzles, which nozzles are designed to prevent particles from moving back into the windbox during normal operation. The existing nozzle adopts a straight pipe structure, the section of a gas channel of the nozzle from an air inlet to an air outlet is unchanged, the speed of gas is low, the pressure is insufficient, particles are difficult to prevent from moving back to the bellows, and the reaction conversion rate is low. Therefore, a nozzle, a fluidized bed reactor gas distributor and a fluidized bed reactor are needed to solve the above technical problems. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a nozzle which solves the problems that the movement of particles is difficult to prevent from returning to a bellows and the reaction conversion rate is low. The invention provides a nozzle for achieving the purpose, which comprises a pipe body and a guide body, wherein the pipe body comprises an air inlet pipe, an air guide pipe and an exhaust pipe which are sequentially connected, the air guide pipe is provided with a cylindrical air guide space, the air inlet pipe is provided with an air inlet and an air inlet space gradually expanding from the air inlet to the air guide space, the exhaust pipe is provided with an exhaust port and an exhaust space gradually shrinking from the air guide space to the exhaust port, and the guide body is arranged in the air guide space. Preferably, the diameter of the air inlet is 0.1-0.6 times of the diameter of the air guide space, and the height of the air inlet space is 0.2-2.5 times of the diameter of the air guide space. Preferably, the diameter of the exhaust port is 0.3-0.95 times of the diameter of the air guide space, and the height of the exhaust space is 0.2-2.7 times of the diameter of the air guide space. Preferably, the height of the air guide space is 0.5-5 times of the diameter of the air guide space. Preferably, the guide body is a conical guide body, the conical axis of the conical guide body is overlapped with the central axis of the air guide space, the height of the conical guide body is 0.7-3 times of the diameter of the air guide space, the diameter of the bottom surface of the conical guide body is 0.5-0.8 times of the diameter of the air guide space, and the distance between the bottom surface of the conical guide body and the air inlet is 0.1-0.95 times of the height of the pipe body. Preferably, the flow guide body is a water-drop-shaped flow guide body, the symmetrical axis of the water-drop-shaped flow guide body coincides with the central axis of the air guide space, the blunt end of the water-drop-shaped flow guide body faces the air inlet, the width of the narrowest part of a radial annular gap formed by the water-drop-shaped flow guide body and the inner wall surface of the air guide pipe is 0.1-0.5 times of the diameter of the air guide space, the total height of the water-drop-shaped flow guide body is 0.5-0.8 times of the diameter of the air guide space, and the distance between the water-drop-shaped flow guide body and the air inlet is 0.1-0.95 times of the height of the pipe body. Preferably, the side wall of the pipe body is provided with an injection channel communicated with the air guide space, and the injection channel and the central axis of the air guide space are arranged at an included angle. Preferably, an included angle between the injection channel and the central axis of the air guide space is 30-60 degrees. Preferably, the number of the injection channels is multiple, and the injection channels are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the pipe body. Another object of the present invention is to provide a gas distributor for a fluidized bed reactor, comprising a distribution plate and the above-mentioned nozzles, wherein the nozzles are penetratingly installed on the distribution plate, and the gas inlet is loc