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CN-121988283-A - Activated carbon adsorbent taking ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber as framework and preparation method thereof

CN121988283ACN 121988283 ACN121988283 ACN 121988283ACN-121988283-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of air purification, and particularly relates to an activated carbon adsorbent taking ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers as a framework and a preparation method thereof. The activated carbon adsorbent is of a porous sheet structure and comprises 85-95wt% of activated carbon powder, 1-10wt% of polymer and 0.2-3.0wt% of auxiliary agent, wherein the polymer is ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene or a mixture of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and high density polyethylene, the polymer presents a framework structure of a cross network in a fibrous shape, and the activated carbon powder and the auxiliary agent are attached to polymer fibers. The active carbon adsorbent has the advantages of extremely low dust content, high active ingredient content, small bed resistance, high harmful gas adsorption rate and the like in the using process.

Inventors

  • WANG YAJUAN
  • WANG ZIXING
  • XU HONGXUE
  • SHENG TENGFEI
  • PAN YUNXING

Assignees

  • 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一八研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20251229

Claims (10)

  1. 1. An activated carbon adsorbent taking ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers as a framework is characterized by having a porous sheet structure and comprising 85-95wt% of activated carbon powder, 1-10wt% of polymer and 0.2-3.0wt% of auxiliary agent; the polymer is ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene or a mixture of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and high density polyethylene, the polymer presents a framework structure of a cross network in a fibrous shape, and the activated carbon powder and the auxiliary agent are attached to polymer fibers.
  2. 2. The activated carbon adsorbent with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber as a framework according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the activated carbon adsorbent is 0.5-2.5 mm, one surface is a plane, and the other surface is provided with a groove structure.
  3. 3. The activated carbon adsorbent with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber as a framework according to claim 2, wherein the width of the grooves is 3-3.5 mm, the depth is 40% -45% of the thickness of the activated carbon adsorbent, and the distance between adjacent grooves is 1-1.5 mm.
  4. 4. An activated carbon adsorbent having an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber as a skeleton according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the porosity of the activated carbon adsorbent is 40% or more, more preferably 45 to 55%.
  5. 5. An activated carbon adsorbent with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber as a framework according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the particle size of the activated carbon powder is greater than 80 mesh, preferably 80-350 mesh; and/or, the auxiliary agent comprises an antioxidant.
  6. 6. An activated carbon adsorbent having ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers as a skeleton according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene has a molecular weight of 250 to 350 tens of thousands; When the polymer is a mixture of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and high-density polyethylene, the mass ratio of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene to the high-density polyethylene is 8-10:1, and the density of the high-density polyethylene is more than 0.9 g/cm < 3 >.
  7. 7. A method for preparing an activated carbon adsorbent using ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber as a skeleton as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: (1) Uniformly mixing active carbon powder, a polymer, an auxiliary agent and a pore-forming agent, and then heating and mixing at the temperature of melting the polymer to form a melt mixing body; (2) Extruding and molding the melt-mixed body, and then calendaring and shaping, wherein in the calendaring process, a plurality of parallel grooves are formed on one surface of the melt-mixed body, so as to obtain an active carbon primary sample; (3) And removing the pore-forming agent in the primary sample of the activated carbon by using an extracting agent, and then removing the extracting agent to obtain the activated carbon adsorbent.
  8. 8. The preparation method of claim 7, wherein in the step (1), the mass ratio of the activated carbon powder to the polymer to the auxiliary agent to the pore-forming agent is 50-60:1.0-8.0:0.5-2.0:35-45.
  9. 9. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein in step (1), the pore-forming agent is an organic solvent compatible with the polymer, preferably paraffin oil.
  10. 10. The method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein in the step (3), the extractant is decalin or n-hexane; and/or, in the step (3), the extracting agent is removed by an inert gas blowing method, and the temperature of the inert gas is preferably higher than 100 ℃.

Description

Activated carbon adsorbent taking ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber as framework and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of air purification, and particularly relates to an activated carbon adsorbent taking ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers as a framework and a preparation method thereof. Background Along with the continuous development of the chemical industry and the wide application of various chemicals, various harmful substances and people's lives are more and more similar, and volatile organic compounds (volatile organic compounds, VOC for short) in the chemical industry can volatilize into the air directly in the production and use processes, so that the chemical environment is polluted, and the physical and mental health of people in the chemical environment is endangered to different degrees. Currently, activated carbon is the most commonly used adsorbent for the adsorption of volatile organic compounds. Activated carbon has a developed pore structure, and can remove harmful substances in gas by physical adsorption, or remove harmful substances of specific components by physical adsorption and chemical adsorption by impregnating specific effective components on activated carbon. In the use process, for the closed or semi-closed space generating pollutants, an activated carbon adsorption bed is usually designed, a fan drives air rich in harmful substances to pass through the activated carbon adsorption bed so as to remove the harmful substances in the air, and the air purification effect is achieved. Whether activated carbon adsorbent beds or filtering respirators, wherein the activated carbon adsorbent is generally granular, irregular, spherical or columnar in shape are common. Whichever kind of granular activated carbon adsorbent has the following problems in the use process: (1) During use, friction between the particles can cause the adsorbent to break up more or less, thereby producing activated carbon dust; (2) The non-uniformity of the filling of the activated carbon particles or the crushing of the particles can lead to the impossible complete consistency of the resistance of the gas passing through the activated carbon bed, the gas passing through the adsorption bed inevitably generates the problem of gas short circuit, and the use efficiency of the adsorbent is low; (3) The granular activated carbon bed has high resistance, and for the activated carbon adsorption bed, the energy consumption is high, and for the filtering type gas mask, the breathing resistance is high, and the wearing comfort is poor. In order to solve the above problems, studies on activated carbon having a support structure have been conducted. Such as honeycomb activated carbon filter cartridges, activated carbon filter papers, etc., which are widely used in air cleaners. Because the honeycomb activated carbon uses a large amount of binders in the forming process, the pore structure of the honeycomb activated carbon can be shielded, the effective adsorption area of the honeycomb activated carbon is reduced, the adsorption performance of the honeycomb activated carbon is further reduced, meanwhile, the content of the activated carbon is difficult to reach more than 80 percent due to the limitation of the forming process, the activated carbon filter paper is a paper-shaped filter material prepared by mixing powdery activated carbon with different types of fibers and other additives, the addition amount of the activated carbon is difficult to exceed 85 percent due to the limitation of the preparation process, for example, in the filter adsorption paper prepared by US4495030A, the content of activated carbon powder is only 20-25 percent, and the content of the activated carbon powder is only 46.2 percent in the activated carbon filter paper prepared by Zhao Tao (the preparation of the activated carbon filter paper and the application research of the activated carbon filter paper in air purification, the active carbon filter paper prepared by the volume 42 of China paper 2023). The lower the activated carbon content, the lower the adsorption amount per unit mass of the adsorbent. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides an activated carbon adsorbent taking ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers as a framework and a preparation method thereof, compared with the traditional granular activated carbon adsorbent, has the advantages of almost no dust generation, small bed resistance, high harmful gas adsorption rate and the like in the use process, and has the advantage of high content of active ingredients compared with honeycomb activated carbon and activated carbon filter paper. Specifically, the invention provides the following technical scheme: An activated carbon adsorbent taking ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers as a framework, wherein the activated carbon adsorbent is