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CN-121988318-A - Porous ceramic-based environmental catalytic material and preparation method and application thereof

CN121988318ACN 121988318 ACN121988318 ACN 121988318ACN-121988318-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a porous ceramic-based environmental catalytic material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the catalytic material takes a porous ceramic wafer as a carrier, nano-flower gold-silver alloy as an active component, and the mass percentage of the active component is 0.1-0.5% based on the mass of the carrier. The catalytic material is environment-friendly, has a simple preparation process, can efficiently catalyze and reduce organic wastewater and filter wastewater particles at normal temperature and normal pressure, and has a wide market application prospect.

Inventors

  • JIN QIJIE
  • WANG JING
  • ZHOU ZHENGFANG
  • FENG JUNJIE

Assignees

  • 南京溙科新材料科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260202

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A porous ceramic-based environmental catalytic material is characterized in that the catalytic material is prepared by adopting a combination method of biological template alkali fusion activation, tape casting molding gradient pore-forming, ultrasonic auxiliary displacement deposition and ultraviolet induced morphology regulation and control by taking a porous ceramic wafer as a carrier, wherein the mass percentage of the active component is 0.1-0.5%, and the mass ratio of gold to silver in the active component is 1 (0.2-0.4).
  2. 2. A method for preparing a catalytic material according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the catalytic material comprises the following steps: (1) Alkali fusion activation of biological template to prepare uniform slurry Weighing fly ash, sodium hydroxide and deionized water, mixing and stirring to form primary slurry, drying in a baking oven, placing in a muffle furnace for high-temperature alkali fusion activation, mixing and stirring the solid after the high-temperature alkali fusion activation with the deionized water, filtering to obtain water glass-like solution, mixing and stirring with tertiary butanol after vacuum drying, adding ammonium polyacrylate, ethyl cellulose and lotus petal powder, homogenizing in a shearing emulsifying machine to obtain uniform slurry; (2) Porous ceramic wafer prepared by casting molding gradient pore-forming Scraping and cutting the uniform slurry prepared in the step (1) on a polyimide film belt through a tape casting forming machine to form a wet blank, transferring to a freeze dryer for vacuum freeze drying to form a ceramic blank, and finally placing the ceramic blank in an atmosphere furnace for low-temperature roasting under the condition of taking nitrogen as a protective atmosphere and then switching into high-temperature roasting under the condition of taking oxygen as a roasting atmosphere to form a porous ceramic wafer; (3) Ultrasonic-assisted displacement deposition silver-loaded nano seed crystal Weighing silver nitrate, ethylene glycol and deionized water, mixing to form electrolyte, fixing the porous ceramic wafer prepared in the step (2) to a fixture, dipping the single side surface of the porous ceramic wafer in the electrolyte, taking the porous ceramic wafer as a working electrode and a platinum electrode as a counter electrode, applying constant potential under the ultrasonic auxiliary condition to carry out electrochemical deposition, and cleaning the surface of the porous ceramic wafer by using absolute ethyl alcohol after the electrochemical deposition is finished to obtain the silver nano crystal seed loaded porous ceramic wafer; (4) Preparation of catalytic material by ultraviolet-induced morphology regulation Weighing chloroauric acid, silver nitrate and deionized water, mixing to form a precursor mixed solution, then dipping the silver-loaded nano-seed crystal porous ceramic wafer prepared in the step (3) into the precursor mixed solution, and vertically irradiating a deposition surface of the silver-loaded nano-seed crystal porous ceramic wafer by using an ultraviolet light source to perform induction reaction, so that a catalytic material is obtained after the reaction is finished.
  3. 3. The preparation method of the lotus seed powder according to claim 2, wherein the lotus flower powder in the step (1) is purchased from Nanjing Yilanyuan flower limited company, the temperature of vacuum freeze drying is-40 to-50 ℃, the time of vacuum freeze drying is 12-24 h, and the mesh number of grinding and sieving is 200-400 meshes.
  4. 4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the fly ash to the sodium hydroxide to the deionized water is 1 (0.8-1.2) (0.5-1), the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, the drying time is 8-12 hours, the high-temperature alkali fusion activation temperature is 600-700 ℃, and the high-temperature alkali fusion activation time is 2-4 hours.
  5. 5. The preparation method of the high-temperature alkali fusion activated powder is characterized in that the mass ratio of the solid, deionized water, tertiary butanol, ammonium polyacrylate, ethyl cellulose and lotus petal powder after the high-temperature alkali fusion activation in the step (1) is 1 (5-8), 0.5-1, 0.03-0.06, 0.04-0.08, 0.15-0.25, the vacuum drying temperature is 30-50 ℃, the vacuum drying time is 36-72 h, the rotating speed in the homogenizing process is 8000-1000 rpm, and the homogenizing time is 20-40 min.
  6. 6. The preparation method of the ceramic green sheet according to claim 2, wherein the casting molding rate in the step (2) is 1-2 mm/s, the thickness of the wet green sheet is 0.5-2 mm, the temperature of vacuum freeze drying is-40-50 ℃, the time of vacuum freeze drying is 18-36 h, the introducing rate of nitrogen is 30-60 mL/min, the temperature of low-temperature roasting is 500-600 ℃, the time of low-temperature roasting is 2-4 h, the introducing rate of oxygen is 20-40 mL/min, the temperature of high-temperature roasting is 1050-1150 ℃, and the time of high-temperature roasting is 3-6 h.
  7. 7. The preparation method of the catalyst material according to claim 2, wherein the silver nano seed crystal in the step (3) accounts for 10-20% of the silver content of the catalyst material, the mass ratio of the ethylene glycol to the deionized water is 1 (0.5-2), the diameter of the porous ceramic wafer is 5-20 mm, the model of the platinum electrode is 213/213-01, the ultrasonic auxiliary frequency is 40kHz, the ultrasonic auxiliary power is 100-150W, the constant potential is-0.8V, and the electrochemical deposition time is 30-60 min.
  8. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the ultraviolet light source in the step (4) has a wavelength of 254nm, the light intensity of the vertical irradiation is 40-60 mW/cm 2 , and the time of the vertical irradiation is 30-60 min.
  9. 9. Use of the catalytic material of claim 1 for removing organic matter from wastewater.
  10. 10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the sewage is dye wastewater and the organic matter is methyl orange, p-nitrophenol and methylene blue.

Description

Porous ceramic-based environmental catalytic material and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention relates to a porous ceramic-based environmental catalytic material, a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of water pollution treatment. Background As the maximum solid waste produced by coal-fired power plants, the fly ash is piled up in a large quantity, so that precious land resources are occupied, and heavy metals and particulate matters contained in the fly ash are more prone to causing serious pollution to soil, water and atmosphere through wind erosion and leaching. Therefore, the method realizes the high-efficiency and high-added-value resource utilization of the fly ash and is a great strategic requirement for developing recycling economy. At present, the main flow recycling way of the fly ash is still concentrated in the field of building materials, such as cement, concrete admixture, ceramsite, wall materials and the like, and the application has large consumption, but basically belongs to the utilization of low added value and simplified components, and the potential value of the fly ash cannot be fully exerted. In recent years, the extraction of alumina, white carbon black or the preparation of functional materials such as zeolite molecular sieves, porous ceramics and the like by taking the silicon-aluminum component thereof as a precursor becomes one of important research directions for high value-added recycling. Among them, the porous ceramics is prepared by taking fly ash as a matrix, and is paid attention to the synchronous realization of solid waste absorption and functional material creation. The porous ceramic has excellent characteristics of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength, high specific surface area, designable structure and the like, and has wide application prospect in the fields of filtration, heat insulation, catalytic carriers and the like. However, the conventional method for preparing porous ceramics from fly ash (such as a foaming method, a pore-forming agent method and an organic foam impregnation method) generally faces the challenges that the pore structure is difficult to accurately regulate and control, and the contradiction between the mechanical property and the porosity is prominent. How to utilize the self component characteristics of the fly ash, a three-dimensional through and graded fine microscopic pore canal structure is constructed by a green and low-energy-consumption process, and the effective combination of the three-dimensional through and graded fine microscopic pore canal structure and a nano material with a specific function is realized, and the method still remains the difficulty and the front edge of the current research. On the other hand, with the rapid development of textile, printing and dyeing, pharmaceutical, pesticide and other industries, the discharged wastewater has increasingly complex components, and contains a large amount of organic pollutants which have strong biological toxicity, stable structure and difficult natural degradation, and the organic pollutants typically represent azo dye methyl orange, nitroarene compound p-nitrophenol and phenothiazine dye methylene blue. The pollutants have the characteristics of high chromaticity, high carcinogenic mutation risk, poor biodegradability and the like, and if the pollutants are directly discharged into a water body without effective treatment, the aquatic ecosystem is seriously damaged. Therefore, development of efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly advanced treatment technologies has become an important direction in the field of environmental engineering. At present, the treatment methods for organic wastewater mainly comprise a physical adsorption method, a biodegradation method, a high-grade oxidation technology and the like. Although the physical adsorption method is simple and convenient to operate, the method is only phase transfer of pollutants, and has the problems of difficult regeneration or secondary solid waste generation after adsorption saturation, and the biological method has low treatment efficiency and long period on a plurality of high-toxicity and difficult-degradation organic matters. In contrast, advanced oxidation processes based on the generation of highly oxidative active species exhibit great advantages, enabling the non-selective mineralization of macromolecular organics to CO 2、H2 O or small molecules, achieving thorough degradation. The catalytic reduction reaction using noble metal nano material as catalyst is a research hot spot due to its high efficiency and energy saving property at normal temperature and pressure. However, noble metal nanocatalysts pose two major bottlenecks in practical application, namely high cost, extremely high atom utilization efficiency and cycle stability of the catalyst, and extremely easy agglomeration and deactivation of nanop