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CN-121988465-A - Low-temperature air high-speed centrifugal machine and control method

CN121988465ACN 121988465 ACN121988465 ACN 121988465ACN-121988465-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-temperature air high-speed centrifuge and a control method thereof, the device comprises an air filter, a sensor I, a centrifugal compressor, a heat exchanger, a sensor II, a centrifugal cavity, a sample disc, a control panel, a temperature transmitter, a turbine expander, a water-cooled heat exchanger, an electric valve and a silencer. The air outlet end of the centrifugal compressor is divided into two branches through a split pipeline, wherein the first branch is communicated with the atmospheric environment through an electric valve and a silencer, the second branch is communicated with the air inlet of the heat exchanger in a fluid mode, the air inlet of the turbine expander at the air outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated, the turbine expander is fixedly connected with a sample disc coaxially, the whole sample disc is located in a centrifugal cavity, air flow after being expanded and cooled by the turbine expander enters the centrifugal cavity, flows out from the other end after flowing through the inner space of the centrifugal cavity, enters the heat exchanger again for secondary heat exchange, and finally returns to the air inlet main path of the centrifugal compressor to form a closed air flow circulation system. The system collects multi-source signals such as temperature, rotating speed and the like through a PID controller in a control panel, performs closed-loop dynamic regulation and control based on preset parameters of a user, and finally realizes accurate control of centrifugal working conditions. The invention can make the centrifuge obtain higher rotation speed and lower temperature, and can effectively prevent the biological sample from being denatured or deactivated due to temperature rise in the centrifugation process while improving the biological sample separation effect, thereby reducing the sample inactivation rate to a greater extent.

Inventors

  • CHEN XINGYA
  • HUANG JINZHI
  • Gao Zening
  • LU ZHAOBIN

Assignees

  • 启承悬浮科技(西安)有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260213

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The low-temperature air high-speed centrifugal machine and the control method are characterized by comprising an air filter (1) for filtering and removing particles, impurities and moisture in air entering a system, wherein the air outlet end of the air filter (1) is communicated with the air inlet end of a centrifugal compressor (3), the air outlet end of the centrifugal compressor (3) is divided into two branches through a split-flow pipeline, a first branch is communicated with the atmosphere through an electric valve (12) and a silencer (13), a second branch is in fluid communication with the air inlet of a heat exchanger (4), the air inlet of an air outlet turbine expander (10) of the heat exchanger (4) is communicated, the turbine expander (10) is fixedly connected with a sample disc (7) coaxially, the sample disc (7) is integrally arranged in a centrifugal cavity (6), air flow after the expansion and the temperature reduction of the turbine expander (10) enters the centrifugal cavity (6), flows out from the other end after flowing through the inner space of the centrifugal cavity (6), enters the heat exchanger (4) again for secondary heat exchange, and finally returns to an air inlet main path of the centrifugal compressor (3) to form a closed air flow circulation system.
  2. 2. The low-temperature air high-speed centrifuge and control method according to claim 1, wherein the centrifugal compressor (3) and the turbo expander (10) both adopt full dynamic pressure gas bearing technology, and the centrifugal compressor (3) has a two-stage compression structure.
  3. 3. The low-temperature air high-speed centrifuge and control method according to claim 1, wherein a sensor I (2) and a sensor II (5) are respectively arranged on a shell of the centrifugal compressor (3) and a turbine expander (10), and are used for collecting and feeding back rotation speed and vibration parameters.
  4. 4. The low-temperature air high-speed centrifuge and control method according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger (4) is provided with an external water cooler (11), a heat exchange channel is constructed through the water cooler to realize heat transfer, and meanwhile, the system can utilize low-temperature gas discharged from the centrifugal cavity (6) as an auxiliary cold source to cooperatively cool the heat exchanger (4), so that the overall heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger (4) is effectively improved.
  5. 5. The low-temperature air high-speed centrifuge and the control method according to claim 1 are characterized in that a test tube groove for positioning and accommodating sample test tubes is processed on the sample tray (7), the sample tray (7) can be subjected to specification customization according to the number of samples to be processed and the volume of a single test tube so as to adapt to sample processing requirements of different experimental scenes, the loading of the samples in the test tube groove is required to meet the dynamic balance assembly requirements, rotor unbalance caused by uneven mass distribution in a high-speed rotation state is avoided, and the running stability of a system is ensured.
  6. 6. The low-temperature air high-speed centrifuge and control method according to claim 1, wherein a temperature transmitter (9) is arranged in the centrifugal cavity (6) for acquiring and feeding back temperature parameters.
  7. 7. The low-temperature air high-speed centrifuge and control method according to claim 1, wherein the turbine expander (10) and the sample disk (7) rotate coaxially, shaft work generated by the turbine expander (10) is transmitted to the sample disk (7), the two rotate synchronously, the sample disk (7) consumes the shaft work generated by the turbine expander (10) to enable the sample to be centrifuged at a high speed, and meanwhile, cold energy generated by the turbine expander (10) is utilized to enable the sample to be cooled rapidly to keep the activity of the sample.
  8. 8. The low-temperature air high-speed centrifuge and the control method according to claim 1, wherein the rotating speed of the turbine expander (10) can be adjusted within the range of 10-20 ten thousand rpm as required, and the working temperature can be selected within the range of-80 ℃ to-20 ℃ according to the process requirements. Meanwhile, a connecting pipeline from an outlet of the turbine expander (10) to the centrifugal cavity (6) is designed to be of a short-range structure, and heat preservation and insulation measures are adopted to reduce the cold energy loss of a low-temperature medium at the turbine outlet in the conveying process and ensure the stability of output parameters and the cold energy utilization efficiency of the turbine expander.
  9. 9. The low-temperature air high-speed centrifugal machine and the control method according to claim 1, wherein the gas flows through an electric valve (12) and a silencer (13) and is discharged to the atmosphere to form a balance bypass for discharging the redundant air flow of the main pipeline, so that the turbine expander (10) realizes accurate control of the rotating speed and overspeed protection.
  10. 10. The low-temperature air high-speed centrifuge and control method according to claim 1, wherein the control panel (8) is integrated on the outer shell of the centrifugal chamber (6), and a PID controller is built in, and the PID controller is configured to (a) receive multi-source signals of the sensor I (2), the sensor II (5) and the temperature transmitter (9) and execute fusion processing, and (b) realize accurate control of centrifugal working conditions through closed-loop dynamic regulation based on temperature and rotation speed parameters preset by a user.

Description

Low-temperature air high-speed centrifugal machine and control method Technical Field The invention belongs to the crossing field of a turbine expander and a low-temperature centrifugal technology, and particularly relates to a low-temperature air high-speed centrifugal machine and a control method. Background The low-temperature centrifugation is used as an important sample pretreatment technical means, the separation of components with different densities of the sample is realized through the synergism of a low-temperature environment and a centrifugal force field, and the method is widely applied to the fields of biological pharmacy (vaccine purification and antibody separation), life science (cell/protein accurate separation), material science (nanoparticle preparation) and medical treatment (plasma component extraction) and the like, and can effectively protect the activity and the integrity of the biological sample and improve the separation efficiency and the separation accuracy. The traditional low-temperature centrifuge adopts vapor compression refrigeration cycle, realizes low temperature by relying on phase change heat transfer of refrigerant, but has the upper limit of about 10 ten thousand revolutions, and if the rotating speed is higher, a motor, a driving control system, a cooling system and the like are required to be systematically upgraded, and the contradiction between miniaturization and high load capacity is outstanding. The turbine expander is used as a low-temperature refrigeration core component, and has the characteristics of high rotating speed, high efficiency, small volume, light weight by isentropic expansion and cooling of gas (high-pressure gas expansion drives an impeller to rotate for refrigeration), and is widely applied to the fields of air separation, hydrogen helium liquefaction, energy recovery and the like, but the problem of integration of high-speed rotation and accurate temperature control, namely cavity temperature fluctuation is easily caused during high-speed operation, so that biological samples are heated and deactivated, and the application of the biological samples in the field of low-temperature centrifugation is limited. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a low-temperature air high-speed centrifugal machine and a control method thereof, which have compact structure and accurate control. The centrifugal compressor is used for providing an air source, the turbine expander technology is applied to the low-temperature centrifugal device, a low-temperature environment is created for the centrifugal cavity, and meanwhile, a centrifugal force with high rotating speed is provided, so that the separation effect of biological samples is improved, the biological samples are effectively prevented from being denatured or deactivated due to temperature rise in the centrifugal process, and the separation precision is higher due to the high rotating speed. Through the accurate regulation and control of different rotational speeds, can separate multiple sample in a liquid, improve efficiency, reduce labour cost. The invention provides a low-temperature air high-speed centrifuge and a control method, wherein the low-temperature air high-speed centrifuge is used for filtering and removing particles, impurities and water in air entering a system, an air outlet end of the air filter is communicated with an air inlet end of a centrifugal compressor, the air outlet end of the centrifugal compressor is divided into two branches through a split pipeline, a first branch is communicated with the atmosphere through an electric valve and a silencer, a second branch is communicated with an air inlet of a heat exchanger in a fluid manner, an air outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with an air inlet of a turbine expander, the turbine expander is fixedly connected with a sample disc coaxially, the sample disc is integrally positioned in the centrifugal cavity, air flow after being expanded and cooled by the turbine expander enters the centrifugal cavity, flows out from the other end after flowing through the space in the centrifugal cavity, enters the heat exchanger again for secondary heat exchange, and finally returns to an air inlet main path of the centrifugal compressor to form a closed air flow circulation system. As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the centrifugal compressor and the turbine expander both adopt full dynamic pressure gas bearing technology, wherein the centrifugal compressor is of a two-stage compression structure and has the characteristics of oil-free lubrication, compact structure, light weight and low noise operation. As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a sensor I and a sensor II are respectively arranged on the centrifugal compressor shell and the turbine expander, and are used for collecting and feeding back rotation speed and vibration parameters. As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the heat exch