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CN-121988631-A - Friction extrusion device and method for nonferrous metal reclaimed material and composite material thereof

CN121988631ACN 121988631 ACN121988631 ACN 121988631ACN-121988631-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a friction extrusion device and a friction extrusion method for nonferrous metal reclaimed materials and composite materials thereof. The device comprises five systems of hydraulic pressure, cooling, a mould, a motor and measurement and control. When the high-efficiency densification forming device works, the motor drives the die to rotate, friction is generated with raw materials, and meanwhile, the hydraulic system applies axial pressure, so that high-efficiency densification forming of friction generated heat and cooperative deformation is realized. The die integrates the male die and the female die, the internal cooling channel is integrally formed by adopting a selective laser melting technology, the structure is compact, the cooling is efficient, and the die can be replaced to adapt to reclaimed materials, cast ingots, powder and composite particle materials. The cooling system is used for precisely controlling the temperature, preventing tissue degradation, and the measurement and control system is used for cooperatively controlling parameters such as pressure, rotating speed, temperature and the like in real time. The invention realizes friction heat to replace external preheating and multi-system linkage accurate processing based on the traditional extrusion technology, solves the pain point of the traditional technology, and can also carry out high-efficiency molding and high-value utilization on nonferrous metal reclaimed materials, cast ingots, powder and composite materials.

Inventors

  • LU ZHONGCHEN
  • YIN JIANHUA
  • HU RENZONG
  • XU HAIFENG
  • ZHOU SHANGJUN

Assignees

  • 华南理工大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260114

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The friction extrusion device for the nonferrous metal reclaimed materials and the composite materials thereof is characterized by comprising a first driving device, a die, a storage bin, a cooling system, a second driving device and a measurement and control system; the first driving device is connected to the die and used for driving the die to rotate; the bin is used for fixedly loading raw materials to be processed, the bin is in a tank shape, a tank opening is downward corresponding to the die, and the inner diameter of the tank opening is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the die; the cooling system is arranged in the die and the bin and is used for regulating and controlling the temperature of the die and the bin; the second driving device is connected with the bin and is used for driving the bin to feed downwards and sleeved outside the die, so that raw materials between the bin and the die generate plastic flow under the synergistic effect of friction force and extrusion force, and are extruded and formed through the die; The measurement and control system is used for detecting the rotating speed of the die, the temperatures of the die and the bin and the downward pressure of the bin in real time, and forming linkage with the first driving device, the second driving device and the cooling system through signal interaction respectively; When the temperature of the die is more than 800 ℃, the die rotating speed is adjusted downwards to reduce the friction heat, and meanwhile, a cooling system is triggered to regulate and control the die temperature, so that the die temperature is stabilized in a range of 200-800 ℃; When the raw material is nonferrous metal reclaimed materials with better plasticity, the measurement and control system sets the rotating speed of the die to 300-400RPM to quickly rise to 200-400 ℃, and the second driving device adjusts the pressing speed of the feed bin to 5-10mm/s and the pressure to a middle-low region within the range of 0-1000 kN; and when the pressure of the bin exceeds the threshold value, the measurement and control system reduces the bin pressing speed in the interval of 2-10mm/s through the second driving device, and when the pressure is lower than the threshold value, the bin pressing speed is increased.
  2. 2. The friction extrusion device according to claim 1, wherein the die is a male die comprising a drill bit, a drill neck, a drill body and a first mandrel which are sequentially connected from top to bottom; The drill bit is conical, the drill neck and the drill body are cylindrical, the drill neck and the conical bottom of the drill bit are the same in width, the outer diameter of the drill body is larger than that of the drill neck, and spiral grooves are formed in the circumferential side wall of the drill body; The first mandrel is coaxially arranged outside the first mandrel, and the inner diameter of the bin port is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the first die; A gap is reserved between the first die body and the first mandrel, so that the raw materials are extruded from the gap to be molded after being extruded by friction.
  3. 3. The friction extrusion device according to claim 2, wherein the pitch of the spiral groove ranges from 5mm to 30mm, the depth ranges from 0.5mm to 5mm, and the ratio of the height of the drill body to the height of the drill neck ranges from 10 to 15.
  4. 4. The friction extrusion device of claim 1, wherein the die is a female die, the female die comprises a second die body, and the inner diameter of the bin port is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the second die body; the middle part of the second die body is provided with a die cavity, and the top of the second die body is provided with a flow promotion inclined plane which is obliquely recessed from the outer periphery to the die cavity; the flow promoting inclined plane is provided with a plurality of wave grooves which extend between the outer edge of the second die body and the die cavity in a winding way.
  5. 5. A frictional extrusion device as set forth in claim 4, wherein the inclination angle of the flow promoting inclined surface is 10 to 45 degrees, the number of wave grooves is 3 to 20, the amplitude of the wave grooves is 0.5 to 5mm, the wavelength is 5 to 30mm, and the cross-sectional shape is semicircular, trapezoidal or sinusoidal.
  6. 6. A friction extrusion device as set forth in claim 4 wherein a second mandrel is coaxially disposed within the silo, the second mandrel having a length greater than the height of the silo, the second mandrel being disposed in correspondence with the cavity of the second mold body.
  7. 7. A friction extrusion method of a friction extrusion device as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of, Fixedly loading raw materials to be processed into a bin; driving the mold to rotate by using a first driving device; Driving the bin to feed downwards towards the die by using a second driving device; The material bin is gradually sleeved on the die, and raw materials between the material bin and the die generate plastic flow under the synergistic effect of friction force and extrusion force and are extruded and formed through the die; the measurement and control system detects the rotating speed of the die, the temperatures of the die and the bin and the downward pressure of the bin in real time, and forms linkage with the first driving device, the second driving device and the cooling system through signal interaction respectively; When the temperature of the die is more than 800 ℃, the die rotating speed is adjusted downwards to reduce the friction heat, and meanwhile, a cooling system is triggered to regulate and control the raw materials and the die temperature, so that the die temperature is stabilized in a range of 200-800 ℃; When the raw material is nonferrous metal reclaimed materials with better plasticity, the measurement and control system sets the rotating speed of the die to 300-400RPM to quickly rise to 200-400 ℃, and the second driving device adjusts the pressing speed of the feed bin to 5-10mm/s and the pressure to a middle-low region within the range of 0-1000 kN; and when the pressure of the bin exceeds the threshold value, the measurement and control system reduces the bin pressing speed in the interval of 2-10mm/s through the second driving device, and when the pressure is lower than the threshold value, the bin pressing speed is increased.
  8. 8. The friction extrusion method as set forth in claim 7, wherein the friction extrusion method for producing an extrusion having bulk properties comprises the steps of, The method comprises the steps of fixedly loading raw materials to be processed, which comprise a powder blank and an alloy cover, into a bin, and arranging the alloy cover to be positioned downwards, wherein the side, which is contacted with the powder blank, of the alloy cover is subjected to sand blasting treatment to form a rough surface, and the side, which is positioned downwards, of the alloy cover is a polished surface; Rotating the mold using a first driving means; the second driving device is utilized to enable the stock bin to feed downwards, and the polished surface of the alloy cover is firstly contacted with the die to generate friction extrusion; with the application of pressure, heat generated by friction extrusion is quickly transferred to the alloy cover through the polished surface, so that the temperature of the alloy cover is quickly increased, and the alloy cover is in a semi-molten state; Continuously pressurizing the powder blank in a storage bin, penetrating the alloy cover in a semi-molten state to the surface of the powder blank under the action of pressure, and transmitting heat to the powder blank through the rough surface to partially soften the powder blank; Continuously pressurizing to enable the alloy cover to completely fill the surface pores of the powder blank, and simultaneously realizing precompaction of the powder blank under the action of pressure to form a preform with block characteristics; Maintaining the pressure to complete the final extrusion to obtain the required extrusion.
  9. 9. A friction extrusion process as set forth in claim 7, wherein the friction extrusion process is used to prepare a matrix powder composite material comprising the steps of, Preparing a raw material comprising a matrix blank and powder, wherein the matrix blank is a metal ingot casting matrix, a plurality of round blind holes are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the matrix blank, the depth of each blind hole is lower than the height of the matrix blank, the powder is metal matrix powder or composite powder, and the powder is filled in the blind holes; The raw materials are fixedly loaded in a storage bin, and the mould and the raw materials do not need to be preheated; starting the first driving device to enable the die to rotate anticlockwise; Starting the second driving device to enable the stock bin to descend at a speed of 1-6mm/s, When the die contacts with the top end of the raw material and applies pressure of 200-500MPa, plastic deformation of the ingot matrix starts to occur, meanwhile, the temperature of a plastic deformation area continuously rises, and powder in the blind hole is extruded from the blind hole and is diffused into a matrix blank under the combined action of axial pressure and circumferential friction force generated by the rotation of the die; The temperature of the plastic deformation zone is initially increased to 200-450 ℃ when the descending speed is 1-3mm/s, the descending speed is subsequently increased to 2-6mm/s, and the temperature is continuously increased to 450-1200 ℃, wherein the rotation speed of the die is limited in the variation range of 10-30 r/min; continuously pressurizing to 500-600MPa, increasing the rotating speed of the die to 500-750r/min, and forming a three-dimensional reticular dispersion structure in the ingot casting matrix by the powder through the vortex effect generated by rotary friction; The pressure and the rotating speed are maintained unchanged, and the raw materials are extruded and molded through a die at the speed of 2-6mm/min, so that the required composite material is obtained.
  10. 10. The friction extrusion method as set forth in claim 7, wherein the male die is used for preparing metal matrix composites including nanoparticle reinforced metal matrix composites and nanocarbon reinforced metal matrix composites in forward rotation and for recycling metal scraps in reverse rotation, and no additional complicated pretreatment of raw materials is required in both operation modes.

Description

Friction extrusion device and method for nonferrous metal reclaimed material and composite material thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of novel metal and composite material processing, in particular to a friction extrusion device and a friction extrusion method for nonferrous metal reclaimed materials and composite materials thereof. Background The metal extrusion molding technology is used as a core technology for nonferrous metal processing, and by applying external force to cast ingots, powder and composite materials, plastic flow is generated in a die cavity and the composite materials are molded according to a preset shape, so that the metal extrusion molding technology becomes a key means for mass production of high-performance complex structural components, and is widely used in key industries such as automobiles, buildings, electronic communication and the like. The traditional extrusion equipment relies on external heating to enable the material to reach a plastic state, the molding is realized through a female die and a male die of a fixed structure, and the novel extrusion equipment tries to improve the deformation effect of the material by optimizing the die structure or introducing additional acting forces (such as reciprocating pressure of cyclic extrusion and torque of high-pressure torsion). However, there are still a number of problems to be solved in the prior art, which are specifically expressed in the following aspects: The suitability of materials is poor, the processing range is limited, the die structure of the existing equipment is mostly of a fixed design, and the parameters (such as the shape of a cavity, spiral characteristics, aperture size and the like) of the die cannot be flexibly adjusted, so that one equipment can only process nonferrous metal raw materials (cast ingots and powder) or composite materials with specific types and specifications. For alloys with different strength grades such as 6-series and 7-series aluminum alloys, or raw materials containing industrial waste and composite powder, the existing equipment is difficult to match with different physical and chemical properties (such as fluidity and deformation resistance) of the existing equipment, and efficient molding cannot be realized. The equipment parameter regulation and control precision is insufficient, the molding stability is poor, the traditional extrusion equipment lacks the accurate cooperative regulation and control capability on core processing parameters, and key parameters such as the die rotating speed, the pressing speed, the temperature field, the pressure field and the like are mainly independently controlled and are difficult to monitor and dynamically correct in real time. For example, when the conventional equipment is used for processing materials difficult to deform, the materials are easy to crack and the surfaces are recessed due to uneven temperature distribution and insufficient extrusion force, meanwhile, the equipment is lack of modularized design, core components (such as a die and a mandrel) are complicated to replace, the maintenance cost is high, and the requirements of multiple varieties and small-batch production are difficult to meet. The processing quality defect of the composite material is remarkable, in the extrusion process of the nonferrous metal composite material, the flowability difference of different component materials is remarkable, the existing die has a simple structure and fixed parameters, the flowing speed and the distribution state of each component can not be effectively regulated, and the problems of component agglomeration, non-tight interface combination and the like are easy to occur. In addition, the existing equipment is difficult to solve the problem of impurity dispersion in the waste recycling process, and the product performance is easily deteriorated due to impurity aggregation in the direct processing of the aluminum alloy industrial waste, so that the high-value utilization of the regenerated nonferrous metal is limited. The traditional extrusion equipment needs to preheat raw materials to 400-500 ℃, the unit energy consumption reaches 300-500kg standard coal/ton aluminum, and the processes of pre-homogenization, post-treatment and the like further increase the energy consumption. In addition, in the aspect of extrusion die design, the core principle of the conventional extrusion die is that external force is applied to cast ingots, powder and composite materials through a female die and a male die by virtue of the driving force of the extruder, so that the materials can generate plastic flow at high temperature or normal temperature by overcoming the friction force of the die cavity wall, and further, the molding is completed according to the set path and the shape of the fixed die cavity of the female die, so that the product with the required shape and size is obtained, but the existing die is poor in ada