CN-121988775-A - BTA deep hole drill intelligent measurement and deviation correction guiding method and system

CN121988775ACN 121988775 ACN121988775 ACN 121988775ACN-121988775-A

Abstract

A method for intelligently measuring and correcting deviation of a BTA deep hole drill includes obtaining a main shaft load signal for controlling rotation of a drill bit, a feed shaft load signal for controlling feeding of the drill bit and a mechanical vibration signal of a machine tool, judging whether the drill bit enters a cross hole interference zone, switching a drive mode of the feed shaft from a constant speed drive mode to a constant force drive mode if the drill bit enters the cross hole interference zone, taking reduced feed thrust as a target to drive the feed shaft to adaptively advance, judging whether the drill bit passes through the cross hole interference zone according to the main shaft load signal, the feed shaft load signal and the mechanical vibration signal, and smoothly recovering an original drive mode and a feed speed of the feed shaft if the drill bit passes through the cross hole interference zone. The state of the drill bit is judged by acquiring a main shaft load signal, a feed shaft load signal and a mechanical vibration signal in real time, and the driving mode is adaptively switched, so that the deviation correction and the guide are carried out on the drill bit when the drill bit passes through a cross hole, and the stability and the precision of the drill bit are improved.

Inventors

HU XIAOTING
LI JUNJIE
ZHU HUI
GUO HUAWEI

Assignees

宜昌宇能精密科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260325

Claims (10)

The intelligent measuring and deviation rectifying guiding method for the BTA deep hole drill is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Acquiring a main shaft load signal for controlling the rotation of a drill bit, a feed shaft load signal for controlling the feeding of the drill bit and a mechanical vibration signal of a machine tool in real time; Judging whether a drill bit enters a cross hole interference area according to at least two signals of the main shaft load signal, the feeding shaft load signal and the mechanical vibration signal; if the feeding shaft enters the cross hole interference area, switching the driving mode of the feeding shaft from a constant-speed driving mode to a constant-force driving mode, and taking the reduced feeding thrust as a target to drive the feeding shaft to adaptively advance; judging whether a drill bit passes through the cross hole interference area according to at least two signals of the main shaft load signal, the feeding shaft load signal and the mechanical vibration signal; if the driving mode and the feeding speed of the feeding shaft are smoothly restored.
2. The BTA deep hole drill intelligent measurement and deviation rectifying guide method according to claim 1, characterized in that before obtaining a spindle load signal for controlling rotation of a drill bit, a feed shaft load signal for controlling feeding of the drill bit, and a mechanical vibration signal of a machine tool, the method comprises the steps of: Determining a deviation correcting early warning distance of a deep hole to be processed based on processing parameters, wherein the processing parameters at least comprise the material type of a workpiece to be processed, the aperture and the length of the deep hole to be processed; And judging whether the theoretical position of the drill bit from the cross hole is smaller than the deviation rectifying early warning distance, if so, increasing the sampling frequency of the main shaft load signal, the feeding shaft load signal and the mechanical vibration signal.
3. The BTA deep hole drill intelligent measurement and deviation correction guiding method according to claim 2, wherein the determining the deviation correction pre-warning distance of the deep hole to be processed based on the processing parameters comprises the steps of: according to the material type, the aperture and the length of the deep hole to be processed, calculating the weight influence of a preset standard early warning distance to obtain a basic early warning distance; And adjusting the basic early warning distance according to historical position data of the BTA deep hole drill during the other processing process of the workpiece to be processed and the deviation correcting guiding method and a preset safety margin to obtain the deviation correcting early warning distance.
4. The BTA deep hole drill intelligent measurement and deviation rectification guide method according to claim 1, wherein the determining whether a drill bit enters a cross hole interference area according to at least two signals of the main shaft load signal, the feed shaft load signal and the mechanical vibration signal comprises the following steps: Calculating a spindle instantaneous torque value through the spindle load signal, and calculating the change rate of the spindle instantaneous torque value; Calculating a feed shaft instantaneous thrust value from the feed shaft load signal; calculating an energy value in a preset monitoring frequency band through the mechanical vibration signal; If the energy value exceeds a preset energy threshold value and the change rate of the synchronous accompanying spindle instantaneous torque value exceeds a preset negative change threshold value, or the feeding shaft instantaneous thrust value falls below a preset falling threshold value, determining that the drill bit enters a cross interference area; If the energy value does not exceed the preset energy threshold value, but the change rate of the spindle instantaneous torque value exceeds the preset negative change threshold value and synchronously accompanies the decrease of the feed shaft instantaneous thrust value to be lower than the preset decrease threshold value, judging whether the energy value rises in a set timing window, and determining that the drill bit enters a cross interference zone when the rising value of the energy value exceeds the preset rising energy threshold value.
5. The BTA deep hole drill intelligent measurement and deviation-correction guidance method of claim 1, wherein when the driving mode of the feed shaft is switched from a constant-speed driving mode to a constant-force driving mode and the reduced feed thrust is used as a target to drive the feed shaft to adaptively advance, And the cooling liquid supply system is synchronously controlled, so that the pressure and/or flow of the cooling liquid between the drill bit and the hole wall generate pulse type active control change.
6. The BTA gun drill intelligent measurement and deviation-correction guidance method of claim 5 wherein the synchronous control coolant supply system generates pulse type active control changes of the pressure and/or flow of coolant between the drill bit and the hole wall, wherein the active control changes at least include one of the following modes: The first damping mode is used for controlling the cooling liquid pressure to generate periodic pulsation with set amplitude and set frequency on the basis of the base pressure; And a second flushing mode, which is to periodically increase the flow rate of the cooling liquid to a set multiple of the basic flow rate and continuously flush for a set time.
7. The BTA deep hole drill intelligent measurement and correction guidance method of claim 6 wherein the first damping mode is first executed for a first set period of time and the second flushing mode is then executed during execution of the active control change.
8. The BTA deep hole drill intelligent measurement and correction guide system for implementing the BTA deep hole drill intelligent measurement and correction guide method according to claim 1, comprising: A signal sensing module configured to acquire the spindle load signal, the feed shaft load signal, and the mechanical vibration signal in real time; the state judging module is configured to fusion analyze at least two of the main shaft load signal, the feeding shaft load signal and the mechanical vibration signal and judge whether a drill bit enters the cross hole interference area or whether the drill bit passes through the cross hole interference area; The drill bit control module is configured to switch the driving mode of the feed shaft from a constant-speed driving mode to a constant-force driving mode and drive the feed shaft to adaptively advance with the reduced feed thrust as a target if the state judgment module judges that the drill bit enters the cross hole interference area, and smoothly restore the original torque upper limit and the feed speed of the feed shaft if the state judgment module judges that the drill bit passes through the cross hole interference area.
9. The BTA gun drill intelligent measurement and correction guidance system of claim 8, wherein the status determination module is further configured to perform the following steps prior to obtaining a spindle load signal that controls rotation of the drill bit, a feed shaft load signal that controls feed of the drill bit, and a machine tool mechanical vibration signal: Determining a deviation correcting early warning distance of a deep hole to be processed based on processing parameters, wherein the processing parameters at least comprise the material type of a workpiece to be processed, the aperture and the length of the deep hole to be processed; And judging whether the theoretical position of the drill bit from the cross hole is smaller than the deviation rectifying early warning distance, if so, increasing the sampling frequency of the main shaft load signal, the feeding shaft load signal and the mechanical vibration signal.
10. The BTA deep hole drill intelligent measurement and correction guidance system of claim 8, further comprising: and the hydraulic control module is configured to synchronously control the cooling liquid supply system when the drill bit control module is switched to a constant force driving mode, so that the pressure and/or flow of the cooling liquid between the drill bit and the hole wall generate pulse active control change.

Description

BTA deep hole drill intelligent measurement and deviation correction guiding method and system Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of deep hole machining and manufacturing, in particular to an intelligent measuring and deviation rectifying guiding method and system for a BTA deep hole drill. Background In the manufacture of large-sized components with high added value such as large-sized molds, heavy energy equipment (such as a main shaft of a hydro-turbine, a column of a large-sized press), and aerospace structural members, deep holes with extremely large length-diameter ratio (L/D > 60) are often required to be processed. The BTA (Boring AND TREPANNING Association) inner chip removal deep hole drilling technology is a main process for deep hole machining because of high efficiency, smooth chip removal and good hole quality. In the BTA technology, in the processing process of a few workpieces with complicated structures (such as a large die casting mold plate and a power station boiler tube plate), the deep holes in the workpieces are always required to be accurately intersected with a plurality of pre-processed transverse intersecting holes, so that a necessary runner or channel network is formed. At the moment when the drill bit passes through the cross hole, the circumferential support of the drill bit suddenly loses and recovers, and an extremely unstable dynamic process is formed. Currently, the mainstream method for dealing with the problem in the industry is a passive protection strategy based on coordinate prediction. Specifically, the operator or CAM system sets a deceleration point in advance in the numerical control program based on the theoretical design coordinates of the intersecting holes. When the drill is fed to the preset coordinates, the system automatically reduces the feed rate to increase the stability of the drill through the cross hole area. In the process that the drill bit passes through the cross hole area, if the drill bit is severely vibrated or abnormal, a simple coordinate back-off operation is adopted, namely the drill bit is reversely returned for a certain distance, and then the crossing is retried. However, the pre-deceleration strategy based on the fixed coordinates is severely dependent on the precise positioning of workpiece clamping, tool setting and pilot hole machining, and the factors such as pilot machining errors, workpiece clamping deviations, tool overhanging deflection deformation and the like existing in practice all cause the deviation between the preset fixed coordinates and the physical moment of actually cutting the drill into the cross holes, so that the protection action 'as early as possible' affects the efficiency or 'late' is completely failed. Second, although the feed rate of the drill bit is reduced to a lower level, excessive energy applied to the drill bit by the motor may still cause the drill bit to exacerbate chatter due to abrupt resistance when the drill bit enters the cross hole area, and deviation in the drilling direction of the drill bit is extremely likely to occur. Therefore, under the above-mentioned circumstances, the drill bit still faces the risk of sudden instability (such as whirling) at the moment of losing support, which may cause problems of guide strip breakage, drill bit tipping and even drill rod breakage, leading to equipment, workpiece rejection, etc. Disclosure of Invention The application provides an intelligent measuring and deviation rectifying guiding method, device and equipment for a BTA deep hole drill and a storage medium, which can solve the technical problems in the related art. In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an intelligent measurement and deviation correction guiding method for a BTA deep hole drill, which adopts the following technical scheme: An intelligent measuring and deviation rectifying guiding method for a BTA deep hole drill, the method comprises the following steps: Acquiring a main shaft load signal for controlling the rotation of a drill bit, a feed shaft load signal for controlling the feeding of the drill bit and a mechanical vibration signal of a machine tool in real time; Judging whether a drill bit enters a cross hole interference area according to at least two signals of the main shaft load signal, the feeding shaft load signal and the mechanical vibration signal; if the feeding shaft enters the cross hole interference area, switching the driving mode of the feeding shaft from a constant-speed driving mode to a constant-force driving mode, and taking the reduced feeding thrust as a target to drive the feeding shaft to adaptively advance; judging whether a drill bit passes through the cross hole interference area according to at least two signals of the main shaft load signal, the feeding shaft load signal and the mechanical vibration signal; if the driving mode and the feeding speed of the feeding shaft are smoothly restored. W