CN-121988808-A - Annular grooving processing method based on multi-axis dynamic angle compensation

CN121988808ACN 121988808 ACN121988808 ACN 121988808ACN-121988808-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an annular grooving processing method, equipment and medium based on multi-axis dynamic angle compensation, and relates to the technical field of numerical control processing. The method comprises the steps of carrying out workpiece clamping and coordinate system calibration, tool mounting and parameter calibration, planning a multi-axis linkage path matched with the groove profile of the annular grooving, synchronously collecting real-time position data of a main shaft and a workbench in the preprocessing process, comparing to obtain an angle deviation value of the main shaft and the tool, synchronously adjusting the output gesture of the main shaft according to the deviation value, correcting the cutting angle of the tool, enabling the cutting edge to be attached to the designed groove profile, and finally finishing the full profile processing of the annular grooving. The invention obviously improves the processing precision and the qualification rate of the annular groove and is suitable for the processing scene of the high-end precise annular groove.

Inventors

ZHONG YU
ZENG QIWEI
Du Guanying

Assignees

深圳翊翎自动化设备有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260402

Claims (10)

1. The annular grooving processing method based on multi-axis dynamic angle compensation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, clamping a workpiece to be processed on a workbench of a multi-axis machine tool, calibrating a coordinate system of the workpiece to be processed and the multi-axis machine tool, installing a cutter for annular grooving processing on the workpiece to be processed on a main shaft end of the multi-axis machine tool, and executing parameter calibration of the cutter; S2, planning a linkage path of a main shaft, a workbench and a cutter of the multi-shaft machine tool according to design parameters of the annular cutting groove on the workpiece to be processed, wherein the linkage path is matched with the groove profile of the annular cutting groove on the workpiece to be processed and the rotation axis of the workpiece to be processed; s3, starting the multi-axis machine tool, controlling a cutter to preprocess the annular cutting groove on the workpiece to be processed according to a planned linkage path, synchronously collecting real-time position data of a main shaft and a workbench of the multi-axis machine tool, comparing the real-time position data with corresponding parameters of the linkage path, and obtaining an angle deviation value of the main shaft and the cutter of the multi-axis machine tool; S4, synchronously adjusting the output gesture of the main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool according to the acquired angle deviation value, and attaching the cutting edge of the cutter to the designed groove profile of the annular cutting groove on the workpiece to be processed by correcting the cutting angle of the cutter relative to the annular cutting groove on the workpiece to be processed; s5, the multi-axis machine tool drives the cutter to process the full contour of the annular grooving on the workpiece to be processed along the linkage path, the operation of the main shaft of the multi-axis machine tool is stopped, and the annular grooving of the workpiece to be processed is completed.
2. The method for annular grooving process based on multi-axis dynamic angle compensation according to claim 1, wherein the step of clamping the workpiece to be processed on a workbench of a multi-axis machine tool and performing coordinate system calibration of the workpiece to be processed and the multi-axis machine tool comprises: Placing the workpiece to be processed on a workbench surface of a multi-shaft machine tool, adjusting the rotation axis of the workpiece to be processed to be coaxial with the rotation center of the workbench of the multi-shaft machine tool, and fixing the workpiece to be processed on the workbench; collecting position data of design reference characteristics of the workpiece to be processed, guiding the collected position data into a control system of the multi-axis machine tool, and establishing a workpiece coordinate system of the workpiece to be processed; And matching and aligning the established workpiece coordinate system with the machine coordinate system of the multi-axis machine tool, and calibrating the coordinate system of the workpiece to be processed and the multi-axis machine tool.
3. The method for annular grooving process based on multi-axis dynamic angle compensation according to claim 1, wherein the step of planning the linkage path of the spindle, the table and the tool of the multi-axis machine tool according to the design parameters of the annular grooving on the workpiece to be processed comprises: obtaining design parameters of the annular grooving on the workpiece to be processed so as to adjust the corresponding relation among the groove profile of the annular grooving, the layout position of the groove body and the rotation axis of the workpiece to be processed; Taking the groove profile of the annular cutting groove as a reference, and checking the cutting starting position, the cutting ending position and the whole-course cutting posture reference of the cutter; Generating a continuous feeding track of a complete groove profile of the annular cutting groove covered by the cutter along the circumferential direction of the rotation axis of the workpiece to be processed; Matching each position node of the continuous feeding track, and correspondingly planning the rotation action of a multi-axis machine tool workbench, the displacement and posture adjustment action of a main shaft, and generating a linkage path for the cooperative operation of the main shaft, the workbench and a cutter; And checking the interference condition of the whole travel of the linkage path and a workpiece to be processed, and locking the linkage path after no interference.
4. The annular grooving process method based on multi-axis dynamic angle compensation according to claim 3, wherein the step of matching each position node of the continuous feeding track, correspondingly planning the rotation motion of the multi-axis machine tool workbench, the displacement and posture adjustment motion of the spindle, and generating a linkage path for the coordinated operation of the spindle, the workbench and the cutter comprises the following steps: equally dividing the continuous feeding track into a plurality of continuous position nodes along the circumferential direction of the rotation axis of the workpiece to be processed, wherein each position node corresponds to one normal section of the annular grooving groove profile; Aiming at the normal section corresponding to each position node, setting the preset cutting gesture of the cutting edge of the cutter in the section, and correspondingly generating preset gesture parameters of the spindle at the position node; Combining the preset attitude parameters, correspondingly matching the rotation angle of the workbench and the displacement of the main shaft, and generating smooth transition actions between adjacent position nodes; and the smooth transition actions are connected in series to generate a linkage path for the cooperative operation of the main shaft, the workbench and the cutter.
5. The annular grooving process method based on multi-axis dynamic angle compensation according to claim 1, wherein the step of synchronously collecting real-time position data of the multi-axis machine tool spindle and the workbench, comparing the real-time position data with corresponding parameters of the linkage path, and obtaining an angle deviation value of the multi-axis machine tool spindle and the cutter comprises the steps of: Setting a synchronous sampling period of a multi-axis machine tool according to the running progress of the linkage path and the pre-processing progress of the annular cutting groove on the workpiece to be processed; Based on the synchronous sampling period, synchronously acquiring real-time position data of a main shaft of the multi-axis machine tool and real-time position data of a workbench in the preprocessing process of the annular grooving; Comparing each real-time position data with preset parameters of a corresponding operation process in a linkage path one by one to obtain a position difference result of two groups of data; And extracting the angle deviation data of the main shaft relative to the preset gesture of the linkage path based on the position difference result, and converting to obtain the angle deviation value of the main shaft and the cutter of the multi-axis machine tool.
6. The method for annular grooving process based on multi-axis dynamic angle compensation according to claim 1, wherein the step of attaching the cutting edge of the tool to the designed groove profile of the annular grooving on the workpiece to be processed by correcting the cutting angle of the tool relative to the annular grooving on the workpiece to be processed comprises: According to the obtained angle deviation value, converting to obtain an attitude adjustment parameter of a main shaft of the multi-axis machine tool; According to the attitude adjustment parameters, synchronously adjusting the output attitude of the main shaft of the multi-axis machine tool to obtain an adjustment result; And correspondingly correcting the cutting angle of the cutter relative to the annular groove on the workpiece to be processed based on the adjustment result.
7. The method for machining the annular groove based on the multi-axis dynamic angle compensation according to claim 1, wherein the step of stopping the operation of the main shaft of the multi-axis machine tool to finish the machining of the annular groove of the workpiece to be machined comprises the steps of: The multi-axis machine tool drives a cutter to perform full-circle continuous cutting processing on an annular cutting groove on the workpiece to be processed along a linkage path around the rotation axis of the workpiece to be processed; The real-time position data of the main shaft and the workbench are synchronously collected in the whole cutting process, the cutting angle of the cutter is correspondingly corrected, and the cutting edge of the cutter is kept continuously attached to the designed groove profile of the annular cutting groove; After the cutter completes the cutting processing of the whole stroke of the linkage path and the whole outline of the annular grooving, the main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool is controlled to stop running; And (5) releasing the fixation of the workpiece to be machined and the multi-axis machine tool workbench, and finishing annular grooving machining of the workpiece to be machined.
8. An annular grooving apparatus based on a multi-axis dynamic angle compensation, characterized in that the annular grooving method based on a multi-axis dynamic angle compensation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is performed, the annular grooving apparatus based on a multi-axis dynamic angle compensation comprising: The workpiece clamping and calibrating module is used for clamping and fixing a workpiece to be processed, calibrating a coordinate system of the workpiece to be processed and a multi-axis machine tool, and installing and calibrating parameters of the annular grooving processing tool; The path planning module is used for planning a linkage path of the main shaft, the workbench and the cutter of the multi-shaft machine tool according to the design parameters of the annular cutting groove on the workpiece to be processed, so that the linkage path is matched with the groove profile of the annular cutting groove and the rotation axis of the workpiece to be processed; the data acquisition and deviation calculation module is used for synchronously acquiring real-time position data of the spindle of the multi-spindle machine tool and the workbench in the preprocessing process, comparing the real-time position data with corresponding parameters of the linkage path, and acquiring an angle deviation value of the spindle and the cutter; the main shaft posture adjusting module is used for synchronously adjusting the output posture of the main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool according to the angle deviation value, correcting the cutting angle of the cutter relative to the annular cutting groove and enabling the cutting edge of the cutter to keep fit with the designed groove profile of the annular cutting groove; And the cutting execution module is used for controlling the multi-axis machine tool to drive the cutter to complete full-contour machining of the annular grooving along the linkage path, controlling the main shaft to stop running and completing annular grooving machining of the workpiece to be machined.
9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored therein a computer program, characterized in that the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the steps of the annular grooving process based on multi-axis dynamic angle compensation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the annular grooving method based on multi-axis dynamic angle compensation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

Description

Annular grooving processing method based on multi-axis dynamic angle compensation Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machining, in particular to an annular grooving machining method, equipment and medium based on multi-axis dynamic angle compensation. Background The annular grooving is a core key structure in high-end equipment such as an aerospace engine case, a precise hydraulic element sealing structure, a wind power main shaft bearing, a high-end transmission part and the like, and the main flow machining mode of the annular grooving at present adopts a multi-shaft turning and milling compound machine tool and a five-shaft machining center to carry out linkage cutting machining. The method is influenced by multiple factors such as linkage transmission clearance of a multi-axis machine tool, coaxiality deviation of workpiece clamping, cutter yielding deformation in the cutting process, dynamic deviation of main shaft gesture and the like, real-time dynamic deviation is easy to generate in the cutting angle of the cutter relative to the groove shape of the workpiece in the processing process, and the problems of out-of-tolerance groove profile, substandard surface quality, uneven machining precision of the whole circumference and the like are directly caused. The existing precision correction scheme for annular grooving processing is mainly static size compensation and fixed angle pre-correction before processing, cannot adapt to angle deviation of dynamic change in the processing process, and is difficult to guarantee precision consistency of annular grooving full-circle processing. In particular, aiming at the precise annular groove processing of large-diameter and thin-wall workpieces, the problems of single side out-of-tolerance of the groove, failure of the sealing surface and the like are extremely easy to occur, so that the rejection rate of the workpieces is high, the manual polishing process is additionally added, the processing cost is greatly improved, and the processing efficiency and the performance stability of the core components of the high-end equipment are restricted. Disclosure of Invention The invention mainly aims to provide an annular grooving processing method, equipment and medium based on multi-axis dynamic angle compensation, and aims to solve the problems that in the existing multi-axis annular grooving processing, the tool posture is easy to generate dynamic deviation, so that the groove type processing precision, the surface quality and the consistency are insufficient, and the existing static correction mode cannot adapt to pain points of real-time errors in the processing process. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an annular grooving processing method based on multi-axis dynamic angle compensation, which comprises the following steps: clamping a workpiece to be processed on a workbench of a multi-axis machine tool, calibrating a coordinate system of the workpiece to be processed and the multi-axis machine tool, installing a cutter for annular grooving processing on the workpiece to be processed on a main shaft end of the multi-axis machine tool, and executing parameter calibration of the cutter; According to the design parameters of the annular cutting groove on the workpiece to be processed, planning a linkage path of a main shaft, a workbench and a cutter of the multi-shaft machine tool, wherein the linkage path is matched with the groove profile of the annular cutting groove on the workpiece to be processed and the rotation axis of the workpiece to be processed; starting the multi-axis machine tool, controlling a cutter to preprocess the annular grooving on the workpiece to be processed according to a planned linkage path, synchronously collecting real-time position data of a main shaft of the multi-axis machine tool and a workbench, comparing the real-time position data with corresponding parameters of the linkage path, and obtaining an angle deviation value of the main shaft of the multi-axis machine tool and the cutter; According to the obtained angle deviation value, synchronously adjusting the output gesture of the main shaft of the multi-shaft machine tool, and attaching the cutting edge of the cutter to the designed groove profile of the annular cutting groove on the workpiece to be processed by correcting the cutting angle of the cutter relative to the annular cutting groove on the workpiece to be processed; And the multi-axis machine tool drives the cutter to process the full contour of the annular grooving on the workpiece to be processed along the linkage path, and stops the operation of the main shaft of the multi-axis machine tool to complete the annular grooving of the workpiece to be processed. Further, the step of clamping the workpiece to be processed on a workbench of the multi-axis machine tool and calibrating a coordinate system of the workpiece to be processed and the multi-axi