CN-121988820-A - Electromagnetic field assisted laser fuse additive manufacturing device and manufacturing method

CN121988820ACN 121988820 ACN121988820 ACN 121988820ACN-121988820-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing, and discloses an electromagnetic field assisted laser fuse additive manufacturing device and a manufacturing method, wherein the manufacturing device comprises a laser fuse additive unit, a magnetic field generating unit and an electric field generating unit; the laser fuse additive manufacturing device comprises a laser fuse additive unit, a magnetic field generating unit and an electric field generating unit, wherein the laser fuse additive unit is used for performing laser additive manufacturing, the magnetic field generating unit is used for introducing a magnetic field capable of being dynamically regulated in the laser additive manufacturing process, and the electric field generating unit is used for introducing current into a molten pool and generating Lorentz force through interaction with the magnetic field. The invention can optimize the dynamic behavior and solidification structure of the molten pool, and is suitable for high-efficiency and high-quality additive manufacturing of aerospace high-strength metal components.

Inventors

SUN DONGKE
LIU XINGTAO
BAI WAN

Assignees

东南大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260318

Claims (10)

1. The electromagnetic field assisted laser fuse additive manufacturing device is characterized by comprising a laser fuse additive unit, a magnetic field generating unit and an electric field generating unit, wherein the laser fuse additive unit is used for performing laser additive manufacturing, the magnetic field generating unit is used for introducing a magnetic field capable of being dynamically regulated in the laser additive manufacturing process, and the electric field generating unit is used for introducing current into a molten pool and generating Lorentz force through interaction with the magnetic field.
2. The device of claim 1, further comprising a control unit for adjusting the laser fuse process parameters and the electric field-magnetic field intensity of the laser fuse additive manufacturing device to obtain real-time matching laser power, scanning speed, wire feeding speed, electric field intensity and magnetic field intensity.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein the control unit is communicatively connected to the laser fuse additive unit, the magnetic field generating unit, and the electric field generating unit, respectively, for sending instructions for a target laser power, a target scan speed, and a target wire feed speed to the laser fuse additive unit, for sending instructions for a target magnetic field strength to the magnetic field generating unit, and for sending instructions for a target electric field strength to the electric field generating unit.
4. The electromagnetic field assisted laser fuse additive manufacturing device of claim 1, wherein the laser fuse additive manufacturing unit comprises a laser module and a wire feeding module, the laser module comprises a laser welding head and a laser, the wire feeding module comprises a wire feeding guide pipe, a wire feeding connecting piece and a wire feeding gasket, one end of the wire feeding connecting piece is connected with the wire feeding gasket, the other end of the wire feeding connecting piece is connected with the wire feeding guide pipe, and the wire feeding connecting piece is connected with the laser welding head through the wire feeding gasket.
5. The electromagnetic field auxiliary laser fuse wire additive manufacturing device is characterized in that the magnetic field generating unit comprises magnetic field system fixing pieces, permanent magnets, corner connector pieces, a screw rod sliding table and a magnetic field system supporting platform, wherein the screw rod sliding table is arranged at the lower part of the magnetic field system supporting platform, at least 2 corner connector pieces are arranged, the magnetic field system fixing pieces comprise left magnetic field system fixing pieces arranged on the left side and right magnetic field system fixing pieces arranged on the right side, the left magnetic field system fixing pieces and the right magnetic field system fixing pieces are oppositely arranged, one permanent magnet is respectively arranged on the left magnetic field system fixing pieces and the right magnetic field system fixing pieces, the right magnetic field system fixing pieces are fixedly connected with the magnetic field system supporting platform through the corner connector pieces, the left magnetic field system fixing pieces are connected with the screw rod sliding table through the corner connector pieces, and the screw rod sliding table drives the left magnetic field system fixing pieces to move, so that the distance between the two permanent magnets is changed.
6. The electromagnetic field assisted laser fuse additive manufacturing device of claim 5, wherein the screw rod sliding table comprises a motor, a screw rod connected with the motor and a sliding table sliding block arranged on the screw rod, and the left magnetic field system fixing piece is connected with the sliding table sliding block through an angle code connecting piece.
7. The device for manufacturing the electromagnetic field assisted laser fuse additive of claim 6, wherein the magnetic field system supporting platform is provided with two parallel straight slots, and an angle code connecting piece connected with the left magnetic field system fixing piece passes through the straight slots and is connected with the sliding table sliding block.
8. The device for manufacturing the electromagnetic field assisted laser fuse additive according to claim 1, wherein the electric field generating unit comprises a power supply, and a positive electrode wire and a negative electrode wire which are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply, wherein the positive electrode wire is in contact with a wire at a wire outlet of the wire feeding guide tube, and the negative electrode wire is in contact with the edge of the substrate.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field strength of the magnetic field generating unit is 110-500 mT.
10. The electromagnetic field assisted laser fuse additive manufacturing method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Step S1, a laser fuse additive manufacturing unit determines laser fuse technological parameters and an additive track according to the size and the shape of a required component; S2, placing a laser fuse additive manufacturing unit and a substrate above a magnetic field system supporting platform and between two permanent magnets; And S3, driving a left magnetic field system fixing piece to perform one-dimensional displacement through a screw sliding table to realize the change of the distance between two permanent magnets so as to obtain a variable magnetic field, connecting a positive electrode lead in an electric field generating unit with a wire at the outlet of a wire feeding guide pipe, contacting a negative electrode lead with the edge area of a substrate so as to obtain an electric field, forming Lorentz force in a molten pool, and performing laser fuse additive manufacturing under the Lorentz force.

Description

Electromagnetic field assisted laser fuse additive manufacturing device and manufacturing method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing, in particular to an electromagnetic field assisted laser fuse additive manufacturing device and method. Background Laser fuse additive manufacturing is an important branch of metal additive manufacturing, and by virtue of the efficient material utilization rate, the high-speed deposition rate and the capability of near-net forming complex structures, the laser fuse additive manufacturing has obvious advantages in the fields of aerospace and the like. The technology can directly manufacture large-scale lightweight components by stacking laser melting welding wires layer by layer, and effectively breaks through the material waste and complex structure processing limitation of the traditional material reduction manufacture. However, in the additive manufacturing process, a larger temperature gradient in a molten pool causes solidification structures to grow in a directional manner along a deposition direction mainly based on coarse columnar crystals, so that mechanical property anisotropy is induced, and simultaneously, solute elements segregate at crystal boundaries to form brittle phases, so that the strength and toughness of the material are reduced. In addition, the unstable flow of the molten pool is easy to generate defects such as pores, unfused and the like, and further restricts the reliability of the component. In recent years, an electromagnetic field auxiliary technology provides a new thought for regulating and controlling the solidification behavior of a molten pool through the action of Lorentz force on the molten pool. However, the conventional electromagnetic field auxiliary additive manufacturing mostly adopts a fixed magnetic field or an alternating magnetic field, the magnetic field strength is difficult to dynamically adapt to the process requirement, and the device is complex. For example, chinese patent (publication No. CN111590072 a) discloses a method and apparatus for controlling additive manufacturing solidification structure of metal parts by electric field-magnetic field coupling, which provides electric field-magnetic field coupling regulation, but the magnetic field generating device relies on electromagnetic coils, which has the problems of high energy consumption and slow response of magnetic field intensity regulation. For example, chinese patent application CN118287831a discloses a device and method for manufacturing a laser arc composite additive based on constant magnetic field assistance, which adopts constant transverse magnetic field to assist arc additive, but does not involve dynamic regulation of magnetic field intensity in laser fuse process, and cannot dynamically adapt to process requirements. Accordingly, there is a need for an apparatus and method for adapting laser fuse processes with adjustable magnetic field strength to optimize the dynamic behavior of the melt pool and optimize the solidification structure. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an electromagnetic field auxiliary laser fuse wire additive manufacturing device and a manufacturing method, which can optimize the dynamic behavior and solidification structure of a molten pool and realize the stable control of the molten pool morphology and the refinement of the solidification structure. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The invention provides an electromagnetic field auxiliary laser fuse additive manufacturing device which comprises a laser fuse additive unit, a magnetic field generating unit, an electric field generating unit and a control unit, wherein the control unit is respectively in communication connection with the laser fuse additive unit, the magnetic field generating unit and the electric field generating unit and is used for sending instructions of target laser power, target scanning speed and target wire feeding speed to the laser fuse additive unit, sending instructions of target magnetic field intensity to the magnetic field generating unit and sending instructions of target electric field intensity to the electric field generating unit. The laser fuse additive manufacturing device comprises a laser fuse additive manufacturing unit, a magnetic field generating unit, an electric field generating unit and a control unit, wherein the laser fuse additive manufacturing unit is used for performing laser additive manufacturing, the magnetic field generating unit is used for introducing a dynamically adjustable magnetic field in a laser additive manufacturing process, the electric field generating unit is used for introducing forced current into a molten pool, generating Lorentz force through interaction with the magnetic field to enable melt to flow, refining grains and improving the mo