CN-121988829-A - High-efficiency low-stress and grain-refining additive manufacturing method for metal

CN121988829ACN 121988829 ACN121988829 ACN 121988829ACN-121988829-A

Abstract

The invention provides a metal high-efficiency low-stress and grain additive manufacturing method, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing. According to the invention, a non-consumable electrode argon protection arc additive manufacturing process is adopted, and wires are simultaneously fed into a molten pool from the side of a welding gun for multi-wire synchronous printing. The invention improves the single-side wire feeding process of traditional alloy non-consumable electrode argon protection arc additive manufacturing into a multi-wire printing strategy of synchronous wire feeding at the side of a welding gun, and improves the deposition amount of materials in unit time to 2-4 times of the original deposition amount under the premise that the electric arc heat input is not required to be greatly increased. The deposition efficiency is improved through double-wire printing, the printing time of parts is shortened, the thermal cycle and the heat accumulation of additive manufacturing are reduced, meanwhile, the grain refinement of a formed part is realized, and the problems of low deposition efficiency, serious stress deformation and coarse grains of the traditional monofilament process are solved.

Inventors

GUO YUELING
LIU CHANGMENG
LI XINGCHEN
ZHENG YUANLONG
Di Xinglong

Assignees

北京理工大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260310

Claims (7)

1. A metal high-efficiency low-stress and grain-refining additive manufacturing method is characterized in that a non-consumable electrode argon protection arc additive manufacturing process is adopted, alloy wires are simultaneously fed into a molten pool from the side of a welding gun to be synchronously printed in multiple wires, and material and structure integrated manufacturing is achieved.
2. The method for manufacturing the metal high-efficiency low-stress and fine-grain additive according to claim 1, wherein a substrate constraint structure is adopted in the printing process, and the substrate is fixed through an arrangement clamp to restrain deformation of the substrate.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing process uses pulse current, wherein the pulse current is alternating current for printing magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy, and the pulse current is direct current for printing other materials such as titanium alloy and copper alloy.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing process parameters include a peak current of 100-400A, an alternating current pulse frequency of 0.8-5Hz, a torch movement speed of 60-300mm/min, a wire feed speed of 80-400cm/min, and independent control of the wire feed speed of each wire feed mechanism.
5. The method for manufacturing the metal high-efficiency low-stress and fine-grain additive according to claim 1, wherein a hot wire auxiliary forming process is adopted in the additive manufacturing process, a wire preheating mode is constant-current resistance heating, and the hot wire current is 60A-400A.
6. The method for manufacturing the metal high-efficiency low-stress and fine-grain additive according to claim 1, wherein the number of wire feeding mechanisms is 2-4, and the diameter of wires is 0.8 mm-2.4mm.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the wire feeder of the additive manufacturing process is required to ensure that a plurality of wire intersections are located directly below the tungsten electrode, and the distance between the tungsten electrode and the wire intersections is 5 mm-10 mm.

Description

High-efficiency low-stress and grain-refining additive manufacturing method for metal Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a metal high-efficiency low-stress and grain additive manufacturing method. Background The arc additive manufacturing technology integrates a welding method and a computer three-dimensional design, uses arc heat as a driving heat source, cooperates with wire filling materials, precisely controls welding equipment through a computer, and builds up the needed metal parts layer by layer. In the non-consumable electrode argon protection (TIG) arc additive manufacturing process, the traditional single-side wire feeding (monofilament printing) process is limited by arc heat output of a welding gun, the wire feeding speed is limited, the material deposition efficiency in unit time is low, meanwhile, long-time heat input is easy to cause thermal stress to accumulate in a substrate and a formed part, deformation or cracking of the part is caused, the process stability, the forming precision and the forming quality are affected, in addition, the heat input of the monofilament printing formed part is high, the grain size is large, and the mechanical property requirement of a high-performance metal member is difficult to meet. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above, in order to solve the technical problems of low deposition efficiency, coarse grains and the like in the traditional single-wire arc additive manufacturing, the invention provides a metal high-efficiency low-stress and grain-refining additive manufacturing method, which improves the single-side wire feeding process in the traditional alloy non-consumable electrode argon protection arc additive manufacturing into a multi-wire printing strategy of synchronous wire feeding beside a welding gun, and improves the deposition amount of materials in unit time to 2-4 times of the original deposition amount under the premise that the electric arc heat input does not need to be greatly increased. The deposition efficiency is improved and the printing time is shortened through multi-filament printing, the substrate deformation caused by thermal stress accumulation is effectively restrained by matching with the substrate constraint structure, meanwhile, the grain refinement of a formed part is realized, and the problems of low deposition efficiency, high internal stress and coarse grains of the traditional monofilament process are solved. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The invention provides a metal high-efficiency low-stress and grain-refining additive manufacturing method, which adopts a non-consumable electrode argon protection arc additive manufacturing process to simultaneously send alloy wires from the side of a welding gun into a molten pool for multi-wire synchronous printing, thereby realizing material and structure integrated manufacturing. The invention improves the single-side wire feeding process of traditional alloy non-consumable electrode argon protection arc additive manufacturing into a multi-wire printing strategy of synchronous wire feeding at the side of a welding gun, and has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: The invention adopts a multi-wire synchronous wire feeding strategy, and on the premise that the electric arc heat input does not need to be greatly increased, the volume and the quality of the melted and deposited magnesium alloy in unit time are improved to 2-4 times of that of the traditional single wire process, and the forming period is greatly shortened. The low-stress forming guarantee is achieved by optimizing the arrangement form of the substrate clamp and matching with the shortened heat input time of efficient deposition, the deformation amplitude of the substrate is effectively restrained, the heat stress accumulation is reduced, the low-stress additive manufacturing is achieved, the arc length is stabilized, and the accurate regulation and control of technological parameters are facilitated. The grain refinement effect is outstanding, the grain refinement of the multi-filament printing forming part is realized through the optimization of technological parameters, the formation of equiaxed crystals is promoted, and the mechanical property potential can be improved. Drawings FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a non-consumable electrode argon shielded arc additive manufacturing apparatus; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a substrate constraint structure; FIG. 3 is a physical diagram of example 1, wherein (a) and (b) show the dimensions of the physical objects; FIG. 4 is an Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) diagram of example 1; FIG. 5 is a four wire additive manufacturing apparatus of example 2; FIG. 6 is a weld gun processing trace of example 2; FIG. 7 is a stress detection point reference diagram; In the figure, 1, a tr