CN-121988863-A - Particle-based friction stir material adding device and material adding method

CN121988863ACN 121988863 ACN121988863 ACN 121988863ACN-121988863-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a particle-based friction stir material adding device which comprises a shared working platform for fixing a substrate or a workpiece and a plurality of groups of robot units, wherein the robot units perform material adding operation by taking the shared working platform as the same operation reference surface, a push rod can enter a feeding channel under the driving of a push rod driving device to cut wires fed into the wire feeding channel to form metal particles, the metal particles are pushed between a shaft shoulder cavity static shaft shoulder and a stirring head through the feeding channel, the metal particles are heated and plasticized through the rotation of the stirring head, the previously fed and plasticized metal materials are extruded out of the static shaft shoulder by the later fed particles, a deposition layer is formed at the bottom of a forging plane, and part of metal materials are stirred into the substrate or the deposited layer by the stirring head to form metallurgical bonding. Through the parallel operation of a plurality of robots, the deposition time of the large-scale components is changed from linear accumulation to parallel shortening, the manufacturing efficiency is improved, and the time cost is greatly reduced.

Inventors

GUO XUNZHONG
JIANG YAN
SHEN YIZHOU
LV WANCHENG
KE JIE
LI JUNJIE
HE JING

Assignees

南京航空航天大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260302

Claims (10)

1. The particle-based friction stir material adding device is characterized by comprising a shared working platform (5) for fixing a substrate or a workpiece and a plurality of groups of robot units, wherein the robot units perform material adding operation by taking the shared working platform (5) as the same operation reference plane; The robot unit comprises an industrial robot (1), an execution end (2), a wire feeding mechanism (3) and a feeding mechanism (4); the execution end (2) comprises: the electric spindle (201), the electric spindle (201) is fixed at the tail end of the industrial robot (1), and the stirring head (202) is fixed at the driving end of the electric spindle (201); one end of the taper disc (203) is fixed with the outside of the motorized spindle (201) and extends in the same direction as the stirring head (202); The static shaft shoulder (204), the static shaft shoulder (204) is fixed with the other end of the taper disc (203), a shaft shoulder cavity corresponding to the stirring head (202) is arranged in the static shaft shoulder, the stirring head (202) penetrates through the shaft shoulder cavity and protrudes out of the outer end face of the static shaft shoulder (204), a wire inlet channel (205) and a feeding channel (206) which extend from the outer wall to the shaft shoulder cavity and are arranged in a mutually crossed manner are arranged on the static shaft shoulder (204), and the axial outer end part of the static shaft shoulder (204) is a forging plane (207); the wire feeding mechanism (3) conveys wires to the wire feeding channel (205); The feeding mechanism (4) comprises a push rod driving device (401) and a push rod (402) arranged at the driving end of the push rod driving device, the push rod (402) corresponds to the feeding channel (206), the push rod driving device (401) can drive the wire fed into the wire feeding channel (205) to be cut off to form metal particles, the metal particles are pushed between the shaft shoulder cavity and the stirring head (202) through the feeding channel (206), the stirring head (202) rotates to enable the metal particles to generate heat and plasticize, the previously fed and plasticized metal materials are extruded out of the static shaft shoulder (204) by the later fed particles, a deposition layer is formed between the forging plane (207) and the substrate, and part of the metal materials are stirred into the substrate or the deposited layer by the stirring head (202) to form metallurgical bonding.
2. The particle-based friction stir material adding device according to claim 1, wherein the industrial robot (1) is a six-axis or more degree-of-freedom robot.
3. The particle-based friction stir material adding device of claim 1, wherein the stirring head (202) comprises a threaded conical part (202-1) and a cylindrical part (202-2) from a fixed distal end to a proximal end, the outer end face of the threaded conical part (202-1) is of a convex structure, the cylindrical part (202-2) is in clearance fit with the shaft shoulder cavity, and the cylindrical part (202-2) does not shield the feeding channel (206) after extending into the shaft shoulder cavity, so that the threaded conical part (202-1) corresponds to the feeding channel (206).
4. The particle-based friction stir additive package of claim 1 wherein the end of the stirring head (202) extends from 0.5mm to 4mm beyond the stationary shoulder (204).
5. The particle-based friction stir material additive device of claim 1, wherein the wire feed channel (205) and the feed channel (206) penetrate vertically through each other.
6. The particle-based friction stir additive apparatus of claim 1 wherein the feed channel (206) forms a tendency toward an axially outer end of the stationary shoulder (204) during feed at an angle of less than 90 ° to the shoulder cavity.
7. The particle-based friction stir material adding device of claim 1, wherein a water cooling cavity (208) is arranged in the static shaft shoulder (204), and a cooling liquid circulation channel (209) is correspondingly arranged.
8. The particle-based friction stir material adding device according to claim 1, wherein the wire feeding mechanism (3) comprises an automatic wire feeder (301) and a flexible wire feeding tube (302), and the automatic wire feeder (301) withdraws wire from the damping wire tray and feeds the wire from the flexible wire feeding tube (302) to the wire feeding channel (205).
9. The particle-based friction stir material adding device according to claim 1, wherein the feeding mechanism (4) is fixed with the conical dial (203) through a connecting piece, and the push rod (402) is in clearance fit with the feeding channel (206) and can reciprocate in the feeding channel (206).
10. A particle-based friction stir material additive method, characterized in that it is realized on the basis of a particle-based friction stir material additive device according to any one of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of: S1, layering a three-dimensional model of a target component, decomposing the three-dimensional model into a plurality of sub-manufacturing tasks, and distributing the sub-manufacturing tasks to each group of robot units; s2, carrying out overall precision calibration on a plurality of groups of robot units, ensuring that each coordinate system is unified, installing and calibrating an execution tail end, loading appointed wires, and starting an electric spindle to drive a stirring head to start rotating at a certain angular speed; S3, starting a push rod driving device to drive the push rod to reciprocate, cutting wires by the push rod when the push rod stretches into the feeding channel, pushing the cut particles into the shaft shoulder cavity, retracting the push rod to the outside of the feeding channel, feeding the next section of wires at the moment, and repeating the process to realize continuous and stable feeding until the shaft shoulder cavity is filled with the particle raw materials; S4, controlling the electric spindle to ascend, wherein the ascending distance of the electric spindle is the thickness of a deposition layer, preheating in situ, gradually plasticizing after friction heating of metal particles sent into the static shaft shoulder in the early stage and a stirring head, extruding plasticized metal out of the bottom of the static shaft shoulder by using the metal particles sent in the follow-up process and not plasticized, stirring part of plasticized metal into a substrate by using the stirring head, forming stable metallurgical bonding of the metal particles and the stirring head, and applying a certain upsetting force to the extruded material by using a forging plane to assist forming; S5, starting the execution ends of the plurality of groups of robot units at the same time, synchronously carrying out particle-based friction stir deposition on different partitions of the component or starting from symmetrical starting points along a planned path, extruding plasticized metal in the static shaft shoulder from a gap between the static shaft shoulder and the substrate by continuously feeding metal particles in the deposition process, and finally realizing stable deposition on the substrate; and S6, after the cooperative deposition of one layer is completed, lifting each robot according to instructions, taking the previous deposition layer as a substrate, repeating the process, and depositing the next deposition layer, wherein the next deposition layer is sequentially deposited from bottom to top from the first layer until the last deposition layer is deposited.

Description

Particle-based friction stir material adding device and material adding method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of solid-phase additive manufacturing of metal materials, in particular to a particle-based friction stir additive device and an additive method. Background Friction stir deposition additive manufacturing technology (Additive Friction Stir Deposition, AFSD) is an innovative process that applies friction stir welding principles to the field of solid state additive manufacturing. The material is deposited layer by layer in a thermoplastic state lower than the melting point by friction heat generation between a stirring head rotating at a high speed and a metal bar or wire, and a compact three-dimensional entity is finally formed. As a solid-phase material-adding process, the AFSD not only avoids the inherent problems (hot cracks, air holes, element burning loss and segregation) existing in the traditional welding, but also can remarkably improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the product, and provides a revolutionary manufacturing scheme for high-strength and difficult-to-weld alloys such as aluminum base, magnesium base and the like. AFSD can be largely classified into bar type and powder/wire type according to the raw material form. The invention patent with publication number CN113172331A provides a bar AFSD device for continuous feeding and feeding, which realizes non-stop bar replacement in the processing process, but has a complex structure, the bar size is fixed, and the real-time and flexible gradient change of the material composition is difficult to realize. The invention patent publication CN117696924a proposes a method of re-feeding a powder preform into a rod, but the device is more complex and the intermediate rod making step introduces performance instability. More importantly, the bar AFSD generally has the problems of rough surface and low geometric accuracy of a deposited layer. To overcome the above drawbacks, AFSD technology has been developed that uses wires or pellets as a raw material. According to the technology, the wires are sheared into particles in real time and fed into the static shaft shoulder for plasticizing and forming, so that continuous and precise preparation of the dissimilar materials or the gradient functional materials is realized. The technology takes the wires as raw materials, has the remarkable advantages of convenient storage, low cost, continuous and controllable feeding, easy realization of component real-time mixing and switching and the like, and represents an important development direction of high-precision and multifunctional solid-state material addition. However, existing AFSD technologies, including the above-described particle-based AFSD devices, are mostly implemented in the form of tri-axis numerically controlled machine tools or stationary dedicated machine tools. When large components such as the airplane stringers, the hull structures and the like are manufactured, an oversized machine tool workbench and a gantry structure matched with the size of the components are required to be provided, so that the manufacturing cost of equipment is high, the occupied area is large, the operation energy consumption is high, the equipment utilization rate is low for manufacturing medium-size parts, and the contradiction between the manufacturing scale and the equipment cost is outstanding. The prior equipment adopts a single stirring head to carry out 'serial' deposition point by point, line by line and layer by layer no matter how large the size of the components is limited by the technical principle, and the manufacturing efficiency has a bottleneck. For high volume components, the manufacturing cycle time can be hundreds of hours, and the time cost becomes a critical factor limiting the engineering applications. Meanwhile, a single point continuous heat input is liable to cause excessive accumulation of heat at a part of the component, causing significant warp deformation and difficult-to-control residual stress distribution. In addition, the triaxial machine tool can only realize translation along X, Y, Z directions, so that the normal posture of the tool and the substrate is difficult to keep on a complex curved surface or a non-planar track, and manufacturing of the overhang feature structure cannot be realized. This greatly limits the potential of AFSD technology for complex integral components such as profile shells with ribs, internal lattice structures, etc Disclosure of Invention In order to overcome the defects of the background art, the first object of the invention is to provide a particle-based friction stir material adding device; a second object is to provide an additive method of the above particle-based friction stir additive device. The particle-based friction stir material adding device comprises a shared working platform for fixing a substrate or a workpiece and a plurality of groups of robo