CN-121988886-A - Machining method of ceramic matrix composite material guide plate

CN121988886ACN 121988886 ACN121988886 ACN 121988886ACN-121988886-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic matrix composite spare part machining, in particular to a ceramic matrix composite guide plate machining method, which is used for machining a part blank of a fan-shaped section structure, firstly adopting long pulse laser to rough a central positioning hole, a fan-shaped section bevel edge, an inner arc edge and an outer arc edge, then adopting ultrasonic vibration auxiliary milling equipment to finish an outer molded surface, the fan-shaped section bevel edge, the inner arc edge, the outer arc edge, an inner molded surface and a central positioning hole, and finally carrying out laser machining on a gas film hole; and processing the whole ring blank, firstly adopting ultrasonic vibration auxiliary milling equipment to process, then carrying out laser processing on the air film hole, then adopting long pulse laser to cut the whole ring blank into a part blank, and finally adopting ultrasonic vibration auxiliary milling equipment to carry out finish machining on the part blank. The invention combines long pulse laser cutting with ultrasonic vibration auxiliary milling processing, and can improve the processing stability, efficiency, reliability and quality of the ceramic matrix composite material guide plate by processing the air film hole through laser.

Inventors

ZHAO DANDAN
Liao Jingsu
YU SHAOXIONG
ZENG QIONG
LIU YANTING
WAN YUXIAN

Assignees

中国航发南方工业有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260401

Claims (10)

1. The processing method of the ceramic matrix composite material guide plate is used for processing a part blank which is of a sheet-shaped sector section structure and is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S101, rough machining is carried out on a center positioning hole (1) of a part blank by adopting long pulse laser, and a first finish machining allowance is reserved; S102, carrying out rough machining on the sector bevel edges (4), the inner circular arc edges (2) and the outer circular arc edges (3) on two sides of a part blank by adopting long pulse laser, and reserving a second finish machining allowance; s103, adopting ultrasonic vibration auxiliary milling equipment to finish the outer molded surface (7), the sector bevel edges (4) on two sides, the inner circular arc edge (2) and the outer circular arc edge (3); s104, adopting ultrasonic vibration auxiliary milling equipment to finish machining the inner surface (6) and the center positioning hole (1); s105, carrying out laser processing on the air film hole (5).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S101 and step S102, the first finishing allowance and the second finishing allowance are not more than 1mm, and the heat affected zone generated by the long pulse laser machining is controlled within the range of the first finishing allowance and the second finishing allowance, respectively, and is removed by subsequent ultrasonic vibration assisted milling.
3. The method for machining the ceramic matrix composite baffle according to claim 1, wherein the machining is performed by clamping the part blank by using a dynamic pressure changing jig.
4. The method for machining the ceramic matrix composite guide plate according to claim 3, wherein the dynamic pressure changing jig comprises a base (8), a central pressing block (9) and a supporting seat (10) arranged at the top of the base (8), an angle-adjustable side pressing plate (11), a first adjustable side pressing plate (12) and a second adjustable side pressing plate (13), the central pressing block (9) can do lifting motion along the base (8), the central pressing block (9) is matched with the middle part of a part blank clamped by the supporting seat (10), the angle-adjustable side pressing plate (11) is used for being abutted against a sector-shaped bevel edge (4) of the part blank, the first adjustable side pressing plate (12) is matched with the supporting seat (10) to clamp the part of the part blank close to an inner circular arc edge (2) and an outer circular arc edge (3), and the second adjustable side pressing plate (13) is matched with the supporting seat (10) to clamp the part of the part blank close to the sector-shaped bevel edge (4).
5. The method for machining a ceramic matrix composite baffle according to claim 1, wherein in step S103, the inner profile (6) of the part blank is supported, the angle is set according to the sector hypotenuse (4) machined in step S102, and the machining center is set according to the center locating hole (1) machined in step S101.
6. The method for machining a ceramic matrix composite baffle according to claim 1, wherein in step S104 and step S105, the outer surface (7) is supported, the angular direction is set according to the sector hypotenuse (4), and the machining center is set according to the center positioning hole (1).
7. The method for processing the ceramic matrix composite material guide plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step S105, when the depth-to-diameter ratio of the air film hole (5) is within 10:1, long pulse laser or ultra-fast laser is adopted, radial procedure layering cutting is carried out to reduce the processing taper when long pulse laser is adopted, layer-by-layer stripping is carried out in a beam circular ring scanning or spiral line scanning mode when ultra-fast laser is adopted, and the hole taper is removed by adjusting the scanning beam angle in the depth direction.
8. The method for machining the ceramic matrix composite material guide plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step S103, the outer molded surface (7) is machined by adopting a multi-blade PCD ball end mill, the sector bevel edges (4), the inner circular arc edges (2) and the outer circular arc edges (3) on two sides are machined by adopting the multi-blade PCD flat end mill, and in the step S104, the inner molded surface (6) is machined by adopting the multi-blade PCD ball end mill.
9. A method for processing a ceramic matrix composite material guide plate, which is to process a guide plate into a whole-ring blank, wherein the whole-ring blank is of an annular structure, the finished product of the guide plate is of a sheet-shaped sector section structure and is characterized by comprising the following steps: S201, adopting ultrasonic vibration auxiliary milling equipment to perform rough machining on an outer molded surface (7) of the whole ring blank and taking the rough machining as a reference surface, and reserving a third finish machining allowance; s202, adopting ultrasonic vibration auxiliary milling equipment to finish the inner molded surface (6), the inner circular arc edge (2) and the outer circular arc edge (3) of the whole ring blank; S203, adopting ultrasonic vibration auxiliary milling equipment to finish the outer molded surface (7) and the center positioning hole (1) of the whole ring blank; S204, carrying out laser processing on the air film hole (5); S205, equally dividing the whole ring blank into a plurality of part blanks with sector section structures by adopting long pulse laser; S206, adopting ultrasonic vibration auxiliary milling equipment to finish machining the bevel edges (4) of the sector sections on two sides of the part blank.
10. The method for manufacturing a baffle made of ceramic matrix composite according to claim 9, wherein the whole ring blank is provided with a mounting edge for clamping in a machining sequence, in the step S202, the mounting edge at the inner molding surface (6) is also machined, the outer molding surface (7) of the whole ring blank is supported, the mounting edge at the inner molding surface (6) is pressed when the inner molding surface (6) is machined, and the inner molding surface (6) is pressed when the mounting edge at the inner molding surface (6) is machined.

Description

Machining method of ceramic matrix composite material guide plate Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic matrix composite part processing, in particular to a processing method of a ceramic matrix composite guide plate. Background The ceramic matrix composite has the performance characteristics of light weight, high modulus, high tensile strength, good shock absorption, good temperature resistance and long service life, and can be applied to parts such as a combustion chamber guide plate, turbine rotor/stator blades, an afterburner flame stabilizer, an exhaust nozzle regulating sheet and the like. Ceramic matrix composite material SiCp-(Silicon carbide particle reinforced alumina), C/SiC (carbon fiber reinforced silicon nitride), siCf/SiC (silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide), the SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composite technology with better high temperature resistance has become a development trend of aeroengine manufacturing. The SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composite deflector is of a sheet-shaped sector structure, as shown in fig. 1, the inner side and the outer side of the deflector are respectively an inner type surface 6 and an outer type surface 7, the left end and the right end of the deflector are respectively provided with sector bevel edges 4, the upper end and the lower end of the deflector are respectively provided with an inner circular arc edge 2 and an outer circular arc edge 3, the middle part of the deflector is provided with a central positioning hole 1, a plurality of air film holes 5 are uniformly distributed around the central positioning hole, and the plurality of sector deflectors are assembled in an engine air inlet channel in a uniformly distributed and equally-divided mode to guide and optimize air flow entering the engine, so that the engine performance is improved. The traditional high-temperature alloy material guide plate is processed by adopting a processing technology that a part blank is of a whole ring structure, the inner and outer molded surfaces, the precise positioning holes, the air film holes and other dimensions are processed in place on the basis of the whole ring blank, the whole ring part is equally divided into fan-shaped section parts by adopting linear cutting equipment, the inner and outer molded surfaces are processed in place by adopting a plurality of milling or a plurality of turning according to the complexity degree, the precise positioning holes are processed in place by adopting a plurality of milling, and the air film holes are processed in place by adopting high-speed electric sparks or laser drilling. However, due to the particularity of the material, the ceramic matrix composite guide plate adopts a plurality of milling processes, the cutter is worn greatly, the common cutter cannot process, the fiber inside the material is torn during the process, the performance of the material is influenced, the size roughness and the precision are greatly influenced, the melting point of the material is high, the conductivity is poor, and the gas film holes cannot be processed by adopting an electric spark, so that the ceramic matrix composite guide plate cannot be processed by referring to the traditional high-temperature alloy guide plate processing method. The prior art discloses a processing device and a processing method for ceramic matrix composite, wherein an electric arc processing mode is adopted to carry out rough processing on a workpiece, and an ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing mode is adopted to carry out finish processing on the workpiece after rough processing to the size of a final part. However, the solution aims at the processing of a relatively general plane or a simple molded surface, does not provide a complete and practicable process route for the structure of a specific part with complex space curved surfaces, thin walls and multiple holes such as a guide plate, depends on electric arc rough processing, requires a certain conductivity of a tool, and has insufficient processing stability for SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composite materials with poor conductivity or uneven conductivity. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a processing method of a ceramic matrix composite material guide plate, which improves the processing stability, reliability and quality of the guide plate. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the processing method of the ceramic matrix composite material guide plate is provided for processing a part blank which is of a sheet-shaped sector structure and comprises the following steps: S101, roughly machining a center positioning hole of a part blank by adopting long-pulse laser, and reserving a first finish machining allowance; S102, roughly machining the bevel edges, the inner arc edges and the outer arc edges of the sector sections on two sides of the part blank by adopt