CN-121988990-A - Production process of copper-aluminum composite bus bar

CN121988990ACN 121988990 ACN121988990 ACN 121988990ACN-121988990-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of conductive bus and composite metal material processing, and particularly discloses a copper-aluminum composite bus bar production process which comprises the steps of selecting copper materials and aluminum materials, determining the structural proportion of a copper layer and an aluminum layer and the section specification of a bus bar, carrying out fixed-length blanking, surface pretreatment to be composited, centering assembly and preheating before compositing on the copper materials and the aluminum materials, then carrying out cold rolling compositing, heat treatment and shaping processing, and then sequentially carrying out fixed-length cutting, punching, bending, welding, sand blasting and fastening assembly, and carrying out finished product inspection, wherein a continuous and smooth gesture change sequence is generated for a spray gun according to the outline of the outer surface of a welding seam before the sand blasting operation after welding begins, and the gesture of a subsequent spray gun is corrected in a rolling manner according to the outline of the outer surface of the welding seam corresponding to the current position in the sand blasting operation process.

Inventors

CHEN WENJUN
ZHAO JIAN
ZHANG LU
LIU XINHUA
ZHAO FAN
LI GUANGWEN
WANG SHIKUI

Assignees

安徽龙波新材料有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260311

Claims (10)

1. The production process of the copper-aluminum composite busbar is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Step 1, selecting copper materials and aluminum materials, and determining the structural proportion of a copper layer and an aluminum layer and the section specification of a bus bar; Step 2, carrying out fixed-length blanking on the copper material and the aluminum material, and pretreating the surface to be composited; step 3, assembling and centering the pretreated copper material and aluminum material, and preheating before compounding; Step 4, sending the copper material and the aluminum material into a rolling mill for cold rolling and compounding, and forming a copper-aluminum composite blank; step 5, performing heat treatment on the copper-aluminum composite blank, and finishing shaping processing in the thickness, width and flatness directions; Step 6, sequentially performing fixed-length cutting, punching, bending, welding, sand blasting and fastening assembly on the shaped copper-aluminum composite blank; Step 7, carrying out finished product inspection on the copper-aluminum composite busbar after finishing processing and assembly; Before the sand blasting treatment, acquiring contour data of the outer surface of the welding seam section by section along the extending direction of the welding seam, sequentially sorting and eliminating noise to obtain a contour sequence of the outer surface of the welding seam, which is continuously distributed along the extending direction of the welding seam, converting the outer surface of the welding seam into different gesture control sections, outputting the type of the surface section of each sand blasting position to obtain a reference direction of the outer surface of the welding seam corresponding to each sand blasting position, adjusting a target jet included angle between the axis of the spray gun and the tangential plane of the outer surface of the welding seam according to the type of the surface section of the sand blasting position, and outputting a gesture sequence of the spray gun, which continuously changes along the extending direction of the welding seam.
2. The copper-aluminum composite busbar production process according to claim 1, wherein the step of outputting a spray gun posture sequence continuously changing along the extending direction of the welding line is characterized by comprising the steps of determining the reference direction of a spray gun at each sand blasting position according to the reference direction of the outer surface of the welding line at the position, carrying out directional adjustment on the reference direction according to the corresponding target injection angle at the position to generate the target posture of the spray gun at each sand blasting position, carrying out continuity check on the spray gun postures of the front and rear adjacent sand blasting positions, and outputting a spray gun posture sequence continuously changing along the extending direction of the welding line.
3. The copper-aluminum composite busbar production process according to claim 2, wherein the spray guns sequentially move along the extending direction of the welding line according to the gesture sequence of the spray guns, the spray guns reach a new sand blasting position, the reference direction and the target injection angle of the outer surface of the welding line are called, and the gesture of the subsequent spray guns is continuously output sequentially.
4. The copper-aluminum composite busbar production process according to claim 3, wherein the spray gun performs sand blasting according to the spray gun gesture sequence along the extending direction of the welding seam, the local difference between the actual outer surface profile of the welding seam and the outer surface profile of the welding seam acquired in the earlier stage is found, the outer surface profile of the welding seam corresponding to the latest current position is used for replacing the outer surface profile data of the welding seam in the earlier stage corresponding to the original position, the tangential plane of the outer surface of the welding seam and the normal direction of the outer surface of the welding seam at each position to be sand blasted are redetermined according to the redetermined tangential plane of the outer surface of the welding seam and the normal direction of the outer surface of the welding seam, and the gesture of the spray gun is sequentially corrected.
5. The process according to claim 1, wherein in the step of selecting copper materials and aluminum materials and determining the structural proportions of the copper layer and the aluminum layer and the section specification of the bus bar, the raw materials are selected and designed according to the actual use conditions of the copper-aluminum composite bus bar, wherein the actual use conditions at least comprise a current carrying capacity requirement, a mechanical strength requirement, a temperature rise control requirement and a capability requirement for bearing short-circuit current.
6. The copper-aluminum composite busbar production process according to claim 1, wherein in the step of preprocessing the surface to be composited, firstly, copper materials and aluminum materials are respectively subjected to sizing blanking according to the determined busbar section specification and the determined copper layer and aluminum layer proportion, then oil removal, drying and mechanical polishing treatment are carried out on the surface to be composited of two plates, wherein the copper materials are subjected to acid cleaning oil removal, the aluminum materials are subjected to alkali cleaning oil removal, and after drying, the surface to be composited of the copper materials and the aluminum materials is subjected to mechanical polishing by using a stainless steel wire brush.
7. The process for producing the copper-aluminum composite busbar according to claim 1, wherein in the step of assembling, centering and preheating the pretreated copper material and aluminum material before compounding, the surface to be compounded of the copper material and the aluminum material is oppositely arranged to form a laminated structure to be compounded, the copper material and the aluminum material are kept corresponding in the length direction and the width direction, and before entering rolling, the starting end of the aluminum plate is bent and buckled on the starting end of the copper plate, and the tail end of the copper plate is buckled on the tail end of the aluminum plate.
8. The copper-aluminum composite busbar production process according to claim 1, wherein in the steps of sequentially performing fixed-length cutting, punching, bending, welding, sand blasting and fastening assembly, the middle or two sides of the cross section of a workpiece are controlled not to be seriously deformed in the fixed-length cutting process, a backing plate is arranged at the lower part of the workpiece in the punching process, emulsion or soapy water is used for cooling, light pressure and light lifting are kept in the drilling-through and drilling-through back stage, the R angle of a bending die is adjusted according to the thickness of the workpiece in the bending process and the bending is performed according to the diameter of a corresponding bending cylindrical surface, copper sheets are removed from two sides of a welding seam of the copper-aluminum composite busbar in the welding process, the aluminum material is partially exposed, an alternating current argon arc welder is used for welding the exposed aluminum material, sand blasting treatment is sequentially performed after welding is completed, and finally fastening assembly is performed.
9. The copper-aluminum composite busbar production process according to claim 7, wherein the step of compositely forming the assembled copper material and aluminum material is a cold rolling compositing step, cold rolling compositing is carried out within 2 minutes after mechanical polishing of a surface to be composited, and in the step of carrying out heat treatment and shaping processing on the copper-aluminum composite blank, the heat treatment is carried out in a diffusion annealing mode, and rolling shaping is carried out on the composite blank after the heat treatment is completed.
10. The process for producing copper-aluminum composite bus bars according to claim 9, wherein the rolling and shaping comprises adjusting thickness, width and plate shape, and performing overall flatness adjustment and trimming treatment.

Description

Production process of copper-aluminum composite bus bar Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of conductive bus and composite metal material processing, in particular to a copper-aluminum composite bus bar production process. Background The copper-aluminum composite bus bar is a composite conductor combining the surface conductivity of a copper material with the light weight and low cost characteristics of an aluminum material, and is gradually applied to low-voltage complete equipment, power distribution systems and other current-carrying connection occasions. The prior researches show that in the low-voltage complete equipment, the current-carrying conductor not only needs to meet the requirements of current-carrying capacity and mechanical strength, but also has the specific examination indexes of temperature rise control capability and short-circuit current bearing capability, and for the copper-aluminum composite conductor, the copper layer and the aluminum layer also need to have enough interface bonding strength so as to avoid layering in the subsequent processing processes of shearing, punching, bending and the like, and can bear the stress generated by thermal expansion and cold contraction in the operation process. Meanwhile, parameters such as conductivity, direct current resistivity, copper layer section proportion, interface bonding strength and the like of the copper-aluminum composite bus can directly influence the temperature rise level, current carrying capacity and long-term operation safety of the copper-aluminum composite bus. In 2012, liao Wenjun, in journal of university of the same, published "preparation and interface study of high-performance copper-aluminum composite bars", as shown in fig. 2, it is proposed that the section proportion of copper layers and interface bonding strength are key parameters of copper-aluminum composite buses, the fact that the current-carrying capacity is reduced, the temperature rise of equipment is increased and the energy consumption is increased is caused by over-thin copper layers, the fact that the processing difficulty and the material cost are increased is caused by over-thick copper layers, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, thicker transition layers and more intermediate compounds are formed after annealing at 400 ℃, the interface strength is reduced, and further explanation of the interface bonding strength becomes a key parameter is provided. In addition, the prior art also puts specific requirements on the processing such as cutting, punching, bending, welding and fastening of a finished bus, for example, the serious deformation of the cross section of a workpiece is avoided during cutting, a backing plate is arranged at the lower part during punching and cooling is performed, a die fillet is adjusted according to the thickness of a material during bending, partial copper sheets are removed at two sides of a welding line during welding, alternating current argon arc welding is performed on exposed aluminum parts, and sand blasting, copper thermal spraying and polishing are performed after welding. However, in the post-welding sand blasting process, although the prior art gives a basic processing sequence of 'sand blasting-copper hot spraying-polishing', the spray angle does not suddenly jump when a spray gun transits from the top surface of the weld seam to the transition surface of the weld toe in the sand blasting process, and the spray angle still keeps continuously changing in the actual operation process when the sand blasting process is performed, so that the problems of uneven sand blasting, local overspray or leakage of the sand blasting caused by abrupt change of the spray angle in the weld joint area are avoided, and a complete technical scheme connected with the whole manufacturing process of the busbar is not yet available. Disclosure of Invention In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a copper-aluminum composite busbar production process, which comprises the steps of preparing a composite blank of a copper material and an aluminum material, performing heat treatment and size shaping on the composite blank, and then performing fixed-length cutting, punching, bending and welding. And (3) sand blasting, fastening assembly and final product inspection, wherein a continuous and smooth gesture change sequence is generated for the spray gun according to the outline of the outer surface of the welding seam before the sand blasting operation is started, so that the spray angle does not suddenly jump when the spray gun transits from the top surface of the weld seam to the transition surface of the weld toe, and the gesture of the subsequent spray gun is continuously corrected according to the outline of the outer surface of the welding seam corresponding to the current position when the sand blasting operation is started, so that the spray angle still keeps continuously changing in the