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CN-121989082-A - Tool changing mechanism and method for double-tool-magazine vertical machine tool

CN121989082ACN 121989082 ACN121989082 ACN 121989082ACN-121989082-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool processing equipment, in particular to a double-tool-magazine vertical machine tool changing mechanism and a method, which solve the problems that the existing tool changing mechanism is complex in structure and easy to be corroded by chips; the tool changer is assembled at the lower end of the vertical annular tool changer and used for changing the positions of tool bits on the tool changer outlet end and the tool bit spindle, the tool changer comprises a cross arm which is horizontally rotated and arranged below the tool changer, clamping positions for clamping the tool bits are arranged at two ends of the cross arm and used for changing the positions of the two tool bits with each other, two tool bit locking modules are arranged corresponding to the two clamping positions and used for locking or unlocking the tool bits on the clamping positions, the movable end of the tool bit locking module is arranged in the cross arm and penetrates through the clamping positions and is matched with the clamping positions to lock or unlock the tool bit handle, and the movable end of the locking module is arranged in the cross arm.

Inventors

  • HUANG SIPING
  • LUO XINGBANG
  • ZOU XUEHONG

Assignees

  • 广东仕兴鸿智能装备有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260326

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The utility model provides a two tool magazine vertical lathe tool changing mechanism, assembles in the vertical annular tool magazine lower extreme of two tool magazine vertical lathes for with vertical annular tool magazine delivery end and tool bit on the tool bit main shaft change position each other, its characterized in that includes: The cross arm is horizontally and rotatably arranged below the vertical annular tool magazine, two ends of the cross arm are provided with clamping positions for clamping tool bits, and the cross arm is configured to change positions of the tool bits on the tool bit main shaft and the tool bit output end of the vertical annular tool magazine; The tool bit locking module is provided with two corresponding clamps and is configured to lock or unlock the tool bit on the clamping position; the movable end of the tool bit locking assembly is arranged in the cross arm, penetrates out of the clamping position and is matched with the clamping position to lock or unlock the handle of the tool bit.
  2. 2. The tool changing mechanism of the double-tool-magazine vertical machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a notch groove is formed in the side wall of the end portion of the cross arm, a semicircular positioning groove for positioning a tool shank portion of a tool bit is formed in the side wall of the notch groove in the width direction of the cross arm, the positioning groove travels the clamping position, and the movable end of the tool bit locking module penetrates out of the notch groove in the length direction of the cross arm.
  3. 3. The tool changing mechanism of the double-tool-magazine vertical machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the tool bit locking module comprises a movable shaft movably arranged along the length direction of the cross arm and a driving assembly for driving the movable shaft to reciprocate, one end of the movable shaft extending into the notch groove is fixedly provided with a pressing block for pressing the handle part against the side wall of the positioning groove, and in a locking state, the pressing block is positioned on the front side of the positioning groove and surrounds the positioning groove to form a C-shaped positioning cavity with an opening diameter smaller than the diameter of the positioning groove.
  4. 4. The tool changing mechanism of the double-tool-magazine vertical machine tool according to claim 3, wherein a positioning plane facing the handle is arranged on the positioning block, the positioning plane is eccentrically arranged with the axle center of the movable shaft, and in a locked state, the positioning plane is tangent with the peripheral side wall of the handle.
  5. 5. The tool changing mechanism of the double-tool-magazine vertical machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the driving assembly comprises a driving shaft which is coaxial with the movable shaft and axially movably arranged in the cross arm, a driving motor which drives the driving shaft to rotate in a fixed shaft mode, and a transmission unit which is in transmission connection with a rotating shaft of the driving motor and the driving shaft, one end, away from the positioning groove, of the movable shaft is provided with a slot matched with the driving shaft, the inner wall of the slot is provided with internal threads, and the driving shaft is provided with external threads matched with the internal threads.
  6. 6. The tool changing mechanism of the double-tool-magazine vertical machine tool according to claim 3, wherein a rotating shaft of the driving motor is vertically upwards, the driving motor is fixed on the lower surface of the cross arm through a protective cover, a mounting groove for mounting the transmission unit is formed in the lower surface of the cross arm above the protective cover, and the driving shaft extends into the mounting groove and is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft of the driving motor through the transmission unit.
  7. 7. The tool changing mechanism of the double-tool-magazine vertical machine tool according to claim 6, wherein the transmission unit comprises a first bevel gear coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft and having an upward engagement surface, a second bevel gear vertically engaged with the first bevel gear, and a connecting shaft coaxially and rotatably connected with the second bevel gear, one end of the connecting shaft facing the rotating shaft is horizontally and rotatably connected with the rotating shaft through a bearing, and the driving shaft is axially and detachably connected with the second bevel gear through a spline groove formed on the end surface of the second bevel gear.
  8. 8. The tool changing mechanism of the double-tool-magazine vertical machine tool according to claim 7, wherein a first end face cam is coaxially fixed above the connecting shaft on the rotating shaft, a second end face cam which is coaxially matched with the first end face cam is arranged above the first end face cam, a position locating shaft is coaxially arranged at the upper end of the second end face cam, the upper end of the position locating shaft penetrates out of the mounting groove, and when the position locating shaft ascends in place, the position locating shaft is inserted into a position calibration groove at the lower end of the vertical annular tool magazine, so that the rotation accumulated error of the cross arm is eliminated.
  9. 9. The tool changing mechanism of the double-tool-magazine vertical machine tool according to claim 8, wherein a guide groove for guiding the up-and-down movement of the second end cam is formed in the inner wall of the mounting groove, an elastic reset piece for providing downward elastic reset force for the second end cam is arranged in the guide groove, a sealing cover for sealing the elastic reset piece in the guide groove is arranged on the upper surface of the cross arm, and a through hole for the position positioning shaft to pass through is formed in the sealing cover.
  10. 10. A tool changing method of a double-magazine vertical machine tool changing mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: rotating a tool bit to be replaced in a vertical annular tool magazine to a tool outlet end, and moving a tool bit main shaft to a preset tool changing position, so that the current tool bit on the main shaft and the tool bit to be replaced at the tool outlet end of the tool magazine are at the same horizontal height, and the axes of the current tool bit and the tool bit to be replaced are parallel to each other; Driving the cross arm to horizontally rotate to the initial position of tool changing, so that clamping positions at two ends of the cross arm respectively face against a tool bit handle part on the main shaft and a tool bit handle part at the tool magazine delivery end; Starting a position calibration mechanism, driving a position positioning shaft to ascend and inserting the position positioning shaft into a position calibration groove corresponding to the lower end of the vertical annular tool magazine so as to eliminate positioning errors accumulated by long-term rotation of the cross arm and ensure accurate centering of the clamping position and the tool bit handle; Driving the two cutter head locking modules to act simultaneously, enabling the movable ends of the cutter head locking modules to extend out along the length direction of the cross arm, and respectively locking the handles of the two cutter heads in the corresponding clamping positions; Step five, the main shaft is controlled to loosen the clamping of the current tool bit, the tool magazine is controlled to loosen the clamping of the tool bit to be replaced, and the main shaft and the tool magazine are controlled to respectively retract along the axial direction by a preset distance, so that the two tool bits are completely separated and are clamped by the cross arm; driving the cross arm to rotate 180 degrees around the rotation center of the cross arm, and exchanging the positions of the two cutter heads; Controlling the spindle and the tool magazine to respectively reset along the axial direction, so that the exchanged tool bit handle is respectively and accurately inserted into the spindle taper hole and the clamping hole at the tool magazine delivery end, and re-clamping; Driving the tool bit locking module to act reversely to retract the movable ends of the tool bit locking module, and unlocking the handles of the two tool bits; And step nine, driving the position locating shaft to descend and separate from the calibration groove, driving the cross arm to reversely rotate and return to the initial waiting position, and completing one tool changing cycle.

Description

Tool changing mechanism and method for double-tool-magazine vertical machine tool Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool processing equipment, in particular to a double-tool-magazine vertical machine tool changing mechanism and a method. Background In modern manufacturing, numerical control machine tools, particularly machining centers, are widely used for their high precision and high efficiency. In order to reduce the non-processing time and improve the utilization rate of equipment, the tool magazine and the automatic tool changer are in standard configuration. For the vertical machining center, the main shaft is generally perpendicular to the workbench, and the tool magazine has various forms such as a disc type, a bamboo hat type, a chain type and the like according to different layouts. The vertical annular tool magazine is often applied to occasions with limited space or a large number of tools because of the compact structure and large tool storage quantity. When the machine tool is provided with two vertical annular tool magazines (namely double tool magazines), the tool capacity can be further expanded so as to meet the one-time clamping processing requirement of complex parts. In the existing automatic tool changing technology of the vertical annular tool magazine, the core task of the tool changing mechanism is to quickly and accurately exchange tools to be changed on a main shaft with tools to be selected in the tool magazine. Common tool changing methods include robotic-free tool changing (e.g., direct tool extraction by magazine movement) and robotic tool changing. In the tool changing mode with a manipulator, the manipulator generally adopts a double-arm rotary structure, such as a common 180-degree rotary double-jaw manipulator. The manipulator is used for grabbing the cutters from the main shaft and the cutter magazine delivery end through two symmetrical clamping jaws, and then rotating 180 degrees to realize the exchange of the cutter positions. However, with respect to the layout of the double tool magazine, particularly the double vertical annular tool magazine, the existing tool changing mechanism still has some limitations in practical application. First, conventional dual arm robots are typically provided independently of the magazine, requiring additional space on one side of the working area of the machine tool, which can interfere with the compact layout of the dual magazine or result in an overall size increase of the machine tool. Secondly, the drive and control parts of the tool changing mechanism are usually exposed or integrated in complex gearboxes, which not only have complex structures, but also are susceptible to erosion of chips and cooling liquid generated in the machining process by moving parts such as clamping jaws, connecting rods and the like, thereby affecting the reliability and precision of long-term operation thereof. Moreover, the clamping mechanism of the traditional manipulator often realizes the opening and closing of the clamping jaw through a complex linkage mechanism, in the high-speed tool changing process, the stability of the clamping force and the precision of positioning the tool handle are key for ensuring the success of tool changing, and if the design is improper, the tool is easy to drop or the tool changing position is deviated, so that the machine tool fault or the machining accident is caused. In addition, the precision of the matching of the tool changing mechanism arranged below the tool magazine, the tool magazine outlet end and the spindle is extremely high. After long-time running or high-speed rotation positioning, the rotation accumulated error of the tool changing cross arm may influence the accurate centering of the tool handle and the clamping position, so that the tool bit locking module cannot accurately lock the tool bit, or the tool bit collides in the exchanging process. Conventional solutions typically rely on high precision rotary indexing mechanisms and strict periodic calibration, which increases manufacturing costs and maintenance difficulties. Therefore, developing a tool changing mechanism which has a compact structure, can effectively protect internal precise components, can maintain high tool changing precision and reliability for a long time, and is specially used for layout below a double-tool-magazine vertical machine tool becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. The present invention is directed to improvements that address the above-described deficiencies of the prior art. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a tool changing mechanism and method for a double-tool-magazine vertical machine tool, which are used for solving the problems in the background technology. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a tool changing mechanism of a double-tool-magazine vertical machine tool, which is assembled at th