CN-121989092-A - Active compensation method for thermal stability of five-axis blade machining center based on multi-source information fusion

Abstract

The invention discloses an active compensation method for the thermal stability of a five-axis processing center of a blade based on multi-source information fusion, which relates to the technical field of precision control of the five-axis processing center of the blade, the invention firstly identifies the heat source of the interior of the five-axis processing center of the blade, the environmental heat load and the heat exchange medium thermal effect, collects parameters and builds a multi-source dynamic heat generation model to obtain the heat generation characteristics under different heat working conditions and different power levels, and then, the heat generating characteristics and the heat errors are associated and the data set is integrated, then, the fusion weight of the multi-source heat information is calculated, the weight is adjusted according to the accuracy and the stability of the machining process, the test parameters of the five-axis machining center of the blade are confirmed to realize the heat error compensation, and finally, the compensation effect is verified and the optimization is adjusted. According to the scheme, the heat generation characteristic and the heat error active regulation and control are realized by fusing the multi-source heat source information and the multi-dimensional monitoring data, and the blank of the prior art in multi-source thermal modeling and active compensation is filled.

Inventors

• HOU CHUNMING
• CHENG LIANG
• HOU YUXIN

Assignees

• 沈阳工学院

Dates

Publication Date

20260508

Application Date

20251223

Claims (10)

1. 1. The active compensation method for the thermal stability of the five-axis blade machining center based on multi-source information fusion is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, identifying the heat effects of an internal heat source, an environmental heat load and a heat exchange medium of a blade five-axis machining center, collecting parameters of multiple heat sources, and constructing a multiple-source dynamic heat generation model to obtain heat generation characteristics under different heat working conditions and different power levels; S2, according to the heat generation characteristics under different heat working conditions and different power levels, associating the heat generation characteristics with the heat errors and integrating the data sets; S3, calculating fusion weights of the multi-source thermal information, adjusting the weights according to the accuracy and stability of the machining process, and confirming test parameters of a five-axis machining center of the blade by using the adjusted multi-source thermal information fusion weights to realize thermal error compensation; S4, checking the thermal error compensation effect through actual machining test of a five-axis machining center prototype of the blade, and meanwhile, performing test adjustment optimization according to a test result to realize active thermal stability compensation.
2. 2. The active compensation method for the thermal stability of the five-axis machining center of the blade based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of S1 is as follows: Classifying and identifying heat action sources of the blade five-axis machining center to obtain three heat effects of an internal heat source, an environmental heat load and heat exchange medium heat action; respectively acquiring multi-source heat source parameters through corresponding sensing equipment, wherein the multi-source heat source parameters comprise a related parameter of a generated heat source, a related parameter of an environmental heat load and a related parameter of heat exchange medium heat action; Collecting relevant parameters of an endophytic heat source through temperature monitoring equipment, collecting relevant parameters of an environmental heat load through environment monitoring equipment, and collecting relevant parameters of heat exchange medium thermal action through medium parameter monitoring equipment; And (3) analyzing the heat generation rules of the whole machine and key parts of the machine tool under different heat working conditions and different power levels by constructing a multi-source dynamic heat generation model, and outputting corresponding heat generation characteristics.
3. 3. The active compensation method for the thermal stability of the five-axis blade machining center based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 2, wherein the specific process for constructing the multi-source dynamic heat generation model is as follows: Based on thermodynamic basic principle, the structural characteristics of the whole machine and the key parts of the machine tool are combined, the association mapping of the input multi-source thermal parameters and the heat generating characteristics of the machine tool is established, the heat generating characteristics of the whole machine and the key parts of the machine tool are extracted through associating the input different thermal condition parameters and the different power level parameters, and are output in a standardized format, and finally the multi-source dynamic heat generating model capable of accurately describing the mapping relation between the thermal parameters and the heat generating characteristics of the machine tool is formed.
4. 4. The active compensation method for the thermal stability of the five-axis blade machining center based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 2, wherein the specific process of analyzing the heat generation rules of the whole machine and key parts of the machine under different heat working conditions and different power levels and outputting the corresponding heat generation characteristics is as follows: Inputting different heat working condition parameters and different power level parameters into a constructed multi-source dynamic heat generation model, and outputting instantaneous heat state data of the whole machine and key components of the machine tool under different heat working conditions and power level analysis scenes; Based on the instantaneous heat state data output by the multi-source dynamic heat generation model, analyzing a heat generation rule, converting the extracted heat generation rule into a standardized heat generation characteristic parameter, and comparing heat generation characteristics under different heat working conditions and different power levels to obtain a heat generation characteristic data set of the multi-source dynamic heat generation model.
5. 5. The active compensation method for the thermal stability of the five-axis machining center of the blade based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of the S2 is as follows: The method comprises the steps of extracting heat generation characteristics under different heat working conditions and different power levels output by a multi-source dynamic heat generation model, collecting real-time temperature data of each key part through temperature sensing equipment, collecting thermal deformation data of each key part through high-precision deformation detection equipment and collecting machine tool operation data through a working condition monitoring equipment aiming at key parts sensitive to thermal errors of a blade five-axis machining center, and forming a multi-dimensional original data set comprising heat generation, temperature, deformation and operation; Preprocessing a multi-dimensional original data set, then, associating heat generation characteristic parameters and heat error parameters under different heat working conditions and different power levels to form corresponding parameter groups by establishing a mapping relation of heat generation characteristics under different heat working conditions and different power levels to heat errors, obtaining a heat scene corresponding to each group of data, and finally forming a standardized integrated data set.
6. 6. The active compensation method for the thermal stability of the five-axis blade machining center based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 5, wherein the specific process of establishing the mapping relationship between the thermal characteristics and the thermal errors under different thermal working conditions and different power levels is as follows: For data sets of different thermal working conditions and different power levels, according to the corresponding relation between the thermal characteristic parameters and the thermal error parameters, initially establishing the mapping relation of the thermal characteristics of the different thermal working conditions and the different power levels to the thermal error, and simultaneously obtaining the influence weights of the different thermal working conditions and the different power levels to the mapping relation; And if the thermal error data exceeds a preset thermal error data threshold value, the weight of the mapping relation is required to be adjusted, and finally, a precise thermal characteristic and thermal error mapping model is formed.
7. 7. The active compensation method for the thermal stability of the five-axis machining center of the blade based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of the step S3 is as follows: extracting heat generation characteristic data, heat generation characteristic-heat error associated data and a multi-dimensional original data set acquired in real time in the processing process under different heat working conditions and different power levels to form a basic data set for weight calculation; In the processing process, workpiece processing precision data and thermal error fluctuation data are collected in real time, multi-source thermal information is analyzed to compensate thermal errors, and weights are distributed for different types of thermal information; If the machining precision corresponding to the certain type of thermal information is smaller than at least one of a preset machining precision threshold and thermal error fluctuation is larger than a preset thermal error fluctuation threshold, the weight of the thermal information is adjusted downwards; According to the dynamically adjusted multisource thermal information fusion weight, thermal information with the correlation coefficient of thermal errors larger than a preset correlation threshold value is preferentially selected, thermal characteristic test parameters of the five-axis blade machining center are determined, and thermal error compensation is achieved.
8. 8. The active compensation method for the thermal stability of the five-axis machining center of the blade based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 7, wherein the specific process for realizing thermal error compensation is as follows: And simultaneously monitoring the machining precision and the thermal error fluctuation after compensation in real time, and if the machining precision or the thermal error fluctuation corresponding to certain type of thermal information has deviation from a corresponding preset threshold value, finely adjusting the compensation instruction again based on the multi-source thermal information fusion result, thereby finally realizing thermal error compensation.
9. 9. The active compensation method for the thermal stability of the five-axis machining center of the blade based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of the S4 is as follows: Based on a typical processing scene of a blade five-axis processing center, core conditions of a long-time high-speed light cutting experiment are obtained, the duration, speed and cutting depth of the experiment are set, and the temperature, deformation data and blade processing precision data of key parts of a machine tool in the experimental process are obtained; The method comprises the steps of starting an active regulation and compensation function on a five-axis blade machining center, and carrying out experiments according to a set long-time high-speed light cutting scheme, wherein in the experimental process, temperature and deformation data of key parts of a machine tool and operation parameters in the machining process are collected in real time; detecting the machining precision of a blade test piece based on the collected experimental data, and judging whether the compensation effect is qualified or not; If the thermal error fluctuation is smaller than or equal to a preset thermal error fluctuation threshold value and the blade precision is larger than or equal to a preset blade machining precision threshold value, judging that the compensation effect is qualified, and if at least one of the thermal error fluctuation is larger than the preset thermal error fluctuation threshold value and the blade precision is smaller than the preset blade machining precision threshold value, judging that the compensation effect is unqualified, and testing, adjusting and optimizing are needed.
10. 10. The active compensation method for the thermal stability of the five-axis machining center of the blade based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 9, wherein the specific process of performing test adjustment optimization is as follows: based on the temperature, deformation data and blade machining precision data of key parts of the machine tool acquired through experiments, positioning parameter deviation reasons and pertinently correcting: If the thermal error fluctuation is larger than a preset thermal error fluctuation threshold, based on the temperature and deformation data of the key parts of the machine tool acquired by the long-time high-speed light cutting experiment, the multisource dynamic heat generation model is corrected in a targeted mode, and the adjusted thermal error parameters are applied to the key parts of the machine tool and the experiment is repeated until the thermal error fluctuation is reduced to be within the preset thermal error fluctuation threshold; If the blade precision is smaller than a preset blade machining precision threshold, combining the blade precision data with machine tool thermal error data corresponding to a machining period, correcting the association relation between the thermal error and the blade precision data, and applying the adjusted blade precision parameter to a key part of the machine tool and repeating the experiment until the blade precision reaches the preset blade machining precision threshold; And (3) applying the adjusted thermal error parameters and the blade precision parameters to a blade five-axis machining center, repeatedly carrying out long-time high-speed light cutting experiments, collecting data again, and checking the compensation effect until the thermal error fluctuation of the machine tool is smaller than or equal to a preset thermal error fluctuation threshold value and the blade precision is larger than or equal to a preset blade machining precision threshold value, so as to realize the active compensation of the thermal stability.

Description

Active compensation method for thermal stability of five-axis blade machining center based on multi-source information fusion Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of precision control of a five-axis machining center of a blade, in particular to an active compensation method for thermal stability of the five-axis machining center of the blade based on multi-source information fusion. Background The blade is used as a core key component in the high-end equipment fields such as aerospace, energy power and the like, has a complex shape and extremely high precision requirement, and is required to be precisely machined through a blade five-axis machining center. In the long-time high-speed light cutting process, a main shaft running friction, transmission loss of a feeding system and other internal heat sources exist in the machine tool, and meanwhile, the internal heat sources are influenced by environmental heat loads such as environmental temperature fluctuation, cutting fluid circulation temperature change and the like, and the dynamic heat exchange effect of a heat exchange medium is easy to cause the heat deformation of the machine tool structure, so that the axial or radial heat errors of the main shaft and the positioning heat errors of the feeding shaft are caused, and finally, the processing precision of the blade is influenced. The prior art is that an abrasive belt polishing and grinding blade device is disclosed in the patent application of publication No. CN117260485A, the middle part is a six-axis robot system, the six-axis robot system comprises a six-axis robot, a six-dimensional force sensor and a general clamping mechanism, a blade surface processing system is arranged at the front side of the robot system and comprises abrasive belt machines with various granularities, a motor is utilized to drive a driving wheel, a deflection adjusting wheel, a tensioning wheel and a supporting wheel are combined to enable the abrasive belt to run at a high speed and stably, a blade edge processing system is arranged at the side of the blade surface processing system, and a detection system is arranged at the other side of the blade surface processing system and comprises a contact type measuring instrument to finish blade positioning and blade surface size detection. The invention has the advantages that the gesture of the robot is adjusted in real time according to the grinding force control algorithm so as to achieve the optimal grinding and polishing effect, and the repeated positioning error of the robot is subjected to self-adaptive compensation and accurate calibration. The method has the advantages of low flexibility of the polishing mode, and difficulty in realizing high-precision polishing operation on the blade with complex molded surface. The scheme shows that the existing thermal error control technology of the blade five-axis machining center has the defects that firstly, a heat source analysis focuses on a single type of heat source, a multi-source dynamic heat generation model is not built, effects of a heat generation source, an environment heat load and a heat exchange medium cannot be accurately described, secondly, thermal error compensation logic cannot be accurately matched with thermal error sensitivity characteristics of different areas, high-precision machining of the blade five-axis is difficult to achieve, thirdly, most of thermal error compensation is passive compensation, correction is only performed after errors are generated, active regulation and control based on a real-time thermal state are not achieved, and transient time-varying thermal precision fluctuation is difficult to deal with. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the technical defects, the invention aims to provide an active compensation method for the thermal stability of a five-axis blade machining center based on multi-source information fusion. The invention provides a method for actively compensating the thermal stability of a five-axis blade machining center based on multi-source information fusion, which comprises the following steps of S1, identifying the heat effect of an endogenous heat source, an environmental heat load and a heat exchange medium of the five-axis blade machining center, collecting multi-source heat source parameters, constructing a multi-source dynamic heat generation model, and obtaining heat generation characteristics under different heat working conditions and different power levels. S2, according to the heat generation characteristics under different heat working conditions and different power levels, associating the heat generation characteristics with the heat errors and integrating the data sets. S3, calculating fusion weights of the multi-source thermal information, adjusting the weights according to the accuracy and stability of the machining process, and confirming test parameters of the five-axis machining center of the blade by using the adjusted fusion we