CN-121989338-A - 3D concrete printing method based on height self-adaptive precompensation

CN121989338ACN 121989338 ACN121989338 ACN 121989338ACN-121989338-A

Abstract

A3D concrete printing method based on height self-adaptive pre-compensation relates to the technical field of 3D concrete printing, and comprises the steps of establishing a corresponding relation model of total height H of a component and an optimal compensation coefficient K, determining the corresponding optimal compensation coefficient K, expanding the size of the top surface outline of a target component by utilizing the optimal compensation coefficient K, carrying out three-dimensional lofting on the expanded top surface outline and a designed bottom surface outline to generate a pre-compensation three-dimensional model, slicing the pre-compensation three-dimensional model to generate a printing path, and completing printing of the concrete component under a set of constant printing parameter sets. The invention can effectively counteract shrinkage deformation through intelligent pre-compensation of a model layer without upgrading printing equipment or adjusting complex dynamic printing parameters, realizes high-precision printing, and has the advantages of simple method, low cost and strong applicability.

Inventors

LI JIAN
LIAN YU
LI CHENGMING
HUANG QUNXIAN
HUANG JUN
Zhai Zijun

Assignees

华侨大学
交通运输部东海航海保障中心厦门航标处
国建华中建设有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260409

Claims (8)

1. The 3D concrete printing method based on the height self-adaptive precompensation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, establishing a corresponding relation model of the total height H of the component and an optimal compensation coefficient K through experiments in advance, wherein the compensation coefficient is the ratio of the dimension of the center line of the pre-compensation top surface to the dimension of the center line of the design bottom surface; S2, determining a corresponding optimal compensation coefficient K according to the designed total height of the target component; S3, expanding the size of the top surface profile of the target component by utilizing the optimal compensation coefficient K, and carrying out three-dimensional lofting on the expanded top surface profile and the designed bottom surface profile to generate a pre-compensation three-dimensional model; and S4, slicing the precompensated three-dimensional model to generate a printing path, and completing printing of the concrete member under a set of constant printing parameter sets.
2. A 3D printing concrete method based on highly adaptive precompensation according to claim 1, characterized in that in said S1, the building step of a correspondence model of the total height H of said component with an optimal compensation coefficient K comprises: S11, printing at least three test components with different total heights by adopting a constant printing parameter set; s12, measuring geometric comprehensive deviation of the printed central line position of each test component; S13, for each test component, adopting different compensation coefficients K 1 at least three times to expand the size of the top surface outline of the component, reprinting according to the same process, measuring the geometric comprehensive deviation of the center line position again after printing, and determining the optimal compensation coefficient K capable of counteracting the adduction deformation of each test component; s14, recording different heights H and the corresponding optimal compensation coefficients K, and constructing an H-K relation model.
3. A method for 3D printing concrete based on height adaptive precompensation according to claim 2, wherein in S11 the printing process is continuous without resting stack, corner right angle transition, and the test member is left to rest for 24 hours after printing until the concrete deformation is stable.
4. The method for 3D printing concrete based on the height adaptive precompensation according to claim 2, wherein in S12 and S13, the geometric comprehensive deviation of the center line position includes a top adduction deformation and a laser offset of a center line side wall, a digital vernier caliper and a laser level which are calibrated by measurement are adopted, the center line position of a thin wall member is taken as a measurement reference, the center line position is firstly determined by marking the middle points of the inner side and the outer side of the member, then the actual size of the top center line and the actual size of the bottom center line after printing of each test member are measured to obtain a difference value, the difference value is the top adduction deformation, and meanwhile, the horizontal laser line of the laser level is aligned to the center line mark points of the bottom and the top of the member, and the laser offset of the side wall of the center line position is detected.
5. The method for 3D printing concrete based on the height-adaptive pre-compensation according to claim 4, wherein in S13, the deviation between the actual size of the top center line and the designed center line size is less than or equal to ±0.5mm, the corresponding compensation coefficient K 1 of the center line position side wall laser offset is less than or equal to 0.5mm is the standard compensation coefficient K 2 , and the corresponding standard compensation coefficient K 2 with the minimum deviation between the actual size of the top center line and the designed center line size and the minimum center line position side wall laser offset is selected as the optimal compensation coefficient K.
6. A 3D printing concrete method based on highly adaptive precompensation according to claim 1, characterized in that the set of printing parameters comprises printing layer height, printhead nozzle diameter, printhead movement speed and material pumping speed.
7. A 3D printing concrete method based on height adaptive precompensation according to claim 6, wherein the printing layer height is 6mm, the print head nozzle diameter is any of 10mm, 15mm or 20mm, and the print head moving speed is 50mm/s.
8. A method of 3D printing concrete based on highly adaptive precompensation according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the H-K relationship model is recalibrated when any significant change occurs in the cement system, the change in the print head movement speed is greater than or equal to 10mm/s, the change in the nozzle diameter is greater than or equal to 5 mm.

Description

3D concrete printing method based on height self-adaptive precompensation Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing concrete, in particular to a 3D printing concrete method based on height self-adaptive precompensation. Background The 3D printing concrete technology (also called concrete additive manufacturing) is used as an emerging digital construction technology, and has wide application potential in the fields of construction, municipal administration, landscapes and the like by virtue of the advantages of template-free construction, free modeling, high automation degree and the like. The technology is generally used for constructing three-dimensional entities by stacking concrete materials layer by layer, and is particularly suitable for rapid molding of special-shaped components, hollow components and complex structures. However, in the actual printing process, especially when printing high-rise and thin-wall components (such as square cylinders, arc walls, etc.), geometric deviation problems often occur due to coupling effects of material properties, process parameters and environmental factors. The method is characterized in that the newly deposited concrete material is in a plastic state, sedimentation and creep occur under the action of dead weight, meanwhile, early chemical shrinkage also occurs to the material, and in addition, under the condition of uniform speed printing with relatively simple process control, geometrical deviation can be aggravated by the dynamic characteristics of the printing head at the position (such as a corner) where the path direction changes. These factors work together to cause significant systematic inward tilt deformation of the components as the height increases (see fig. 1). The deformation not only affects the appearance quality of the component, but also reduces the dimensional accuracy and structural safety of the component, and limits the application of the 3D printing technology in engineering with higher accuracy requirements. At present, a control method for the deformation of the 3D printing concrete member mainly comprises material modification, equipment and process optimization or dynamic adjustment of printing parameters. The methods have the problems of high cost, complex process, poor applicability and the like. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects existing in the background technology, the invention aims to provide a 3D concrete printing method based on highly adaptive precompensation. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A3D concrete printing method based on height self-adaptive precompensation comprises the following steps: S1, establishing a corresponding relation model of the total height H of the component and an optimal compensation coefficient K through experiments in advance, wherein the compensation coefficient is the ratio of the dimension of the center line of the pre-compensation top surface to the dimension of the center line of the design bottom surface; S2, determining a corresponding optimal compensation coefficient K according to the designed total height of the target component; S3, expanding the size of the top surface profile of the target component by utilizing the optimal compensation coefficient K, and carrying out three-dimensional lofting on the expanded top surface profile and the designed bottom surface profile to generate a pre-compensation three-dimensional model; and S4, slicing the precompensated three-dimensional model to generate a printing path, and completing printing of the concrete member under a set of constant printing parameter sets. Further, in the step S1, the step of establishing a correspondence model between the total height H of the component and the optimal compensation coefficient K includes: S11, printing at least three test components with different total heights by adopting a constant printing parameter set; s12, measuring geometric comprehensive deviation of the printed central line position of each test component; S13, for each test component, adopting different compensation coefficients K 1 at least three times to expand the size of the top surface outline of the component, reprinting according to the same process, measuring the geometric comprehensive deviation of the center line position again after printing, and determining the optimal compensation coefficient K capable of counteracting the adduction deformation of each test component; s14, recording different heights H and the corresponding optimal compensation coefficients K, and constructing an H-K relation model. Further, in S11, the printing process is continuous stacking without standing, corner right angle transition, and standing for 24 hours after the test member is printed, until the concrete deformation is stable. Further, in the S12 and S13, the geometric integrated deviation of the center line position includes a top add