CN-121989722-A - Universal charging adapter suitable for direct-current quick-charging pile and control method thereof

CN121989722ACN 121989722 ACN121989722 ACN 121989722ACN-121989722-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a universal charging adapter for a direct-current quick charging pile and a control method of the universal charging adapter, and belongs to the technical field of electric automobile charging. The adapter comprises an input interface unit, a power distribution matrix, a plurality of output terminals, a core controller, a protocol conversion engine and a power scheduling algorithm, wherein the input interface unit is used for being physically connected and communicated with an external direct current quick charging pile, the power distribution matrix is used for dynamically distributing power, the output terminals comprise an alternating current output terminal and a direct current output terminal, and the core controller is used for running the protocol conversion engine and the power scheduling algorithm, and the protocol conversion engine is used for carrying out bidirectional protocol conversion between the external direct current pile and charged equipment. According to the invention, through the three-level distributed architecture and the protocol conversion engine, the adapter presents an electric vehicle role to the external direct current pile and presents a standard charging pile role to the internal charged equipment, so that the plug-and-play with the main stream direct current quick charging pile in the market is realized, and meanwhile, the direct current quick charging, the alternating current slow charging and the power supply of common electric appliances are supported. The invention has the advantages of strong compatibility, flexible power distribution, high reliability, expandability and the like, and can greatly improve the utilization rate and compatibility of the existing charging facilities.

Inventors

LIU SHU
LI YUQIAO
LIU XIMIN
NING KE
LI MIAOCHEN
Ning Shiming
LIU JIE
LIU GUIQING

Assignees

刘舒

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260330

Claims (10)

1. Universal charging adapter suitable for direct current quick charging pile and control method thereof, including adapter body, its characterized in that still includes: The DC power supply system comprises a DC input interface unit, a power distribution matrix, a DC output terminal and a DC/AC inverter module, wherein the DC input interface unit is in accordance with the GB/T20234.3 standard and is used for being physically connected with a DC fast-charging pile of an applicable object, handshaking and power negotiation are carried out on the DC fast-charging pile of the applicable object through a communication protocol in accordance with the GB/T27930 standard, the power distribution matrix is connected to the DC input interface unit and comprises a plurality of controllable contactors and a busbar and is used for dynamically distributing input DC electric energy to a plurality of output channels, the output channels comprise a DC output channel and an AC output channel, the output terminals comprise at least one DC output terminal and at least one AC output terminal, the DC output terminal is used for outputting the DC electric energy in parallel through the DC/DC switch module, and the AC output terminal is used for outputting the Pi power through the DC/DC power adjustable module, wherein Pi is the rated power of the inverter, and the AC electric energy is outputted through the DC/AC inverter module. And the core controller is respectively connected to the direct current input unit, the power distribution matrix and the plurality of output terminals and is used for running a protocol conversion engine and an output power scheduling and distribution algorithm. The protocol conversion engine is operated in the core controller and is used for carrying out bidirectional protocol conversion between the direct-current quick charging pile and a charged facility connected to the output terminal, so that the adapter presents an electric vehicle role to the external direct-current quick charging pile and a standard charging pile role to the internal charging facility.
2. The universal charging adapter of claim 1, wherein the core controller employs a dual processor architecture comprising: The system comprises a main processor, a coprocessor and a high-speed communication interface, wherein the main processor CAN adopt but is not limited to ARM Cortex-A series processors and an embedded operating system and is used for processing a GB/T27930 protocol stack, communicating with a cloud and performing man-machine interaction, the coprocessor is a real-time micro control unit (Microcontroller Unit, MCU) and is connected to the main processor and is used for communicating with a real-time controller local area network bus (Controller Area Network, CAN), processing emergency stop signals and monitoring temperature, and the main processor is connected with the coprocessor through the high-speed communication interface to realize task division and redundancy backup.
3. The universal charging adapter of claim 1, wherein the power distribution matrix employs a three stage distribution architecture: The power control system comprises a first-stage distribution, a second-stage distribution, a third-stage distribution and a core controller, wherein the first-stage distribution is used for connecting an input power bus to a plurality of unit bus bars through a first-stage contactor, the first-stage contactor adopts a redundant design and is provided with a bypass contactor as a standby output channel, the second-stage distribution is used for selectively connecting each unit bus bar to a plurality of output bus bars through a second-stage contactor, each output bus bar is connected to a corresponding output terminal through an output contactor, and the first-stage contactor, the second-stage contactor and the output contactor are all or indirectly controlled by the core controller to realize power dynamic scheduling with p minimum granularity. Wherein, P is the minimum of Pi and P load /Ndc, P load is the maximum input power of the external direct current charging pile, and Ndc is the number of direct current output channels.
4. The universal charging adapter of claim 1, wherein the protocol conversion engine comprises: The system comprises a first communication module, a second communication module and a third communication module, wherein the first communication module is used for establishing communication connection with an external direct current quick charging pile based on GB/T27930, reporting virtual Battery parameters to the external pile and receiving a power output instruction of the external pile, the second communication module is used for establishing communication connection with an electric vehicle Battery management system (Battery MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, BMS) connected with a direct current output terminal to acquire vehicle charging requirements, and the third communication module is used for establishing communication connection with an electric vehicle BMS connected with an alternating current output terminal to acquire an alternating current charging process through a Control Pilot (CP) signal. And the protocol conversion module is connected with the first, second and third communication modules and is used for carrying out real-time conversion between an external pile protocol and an internal vehicle protocol.
5. The universal charging adapter of claim 1, wherein the ac load bank comprises: The DC/AC inverter module has the rated power Pi, the power can be expanded upwards and downwards, the three-phase alternating current 380V/single-phase 220V is output, the 21kW three-phase and 7kW single-phase alternating current slow charging is supported, the alternating current charging socket conforms to the GB/T1002 and GB/T2099.3 standards, 5 flat five-hole jacks are expanded, the household appliances, kitchen appliances, motor home, part hybrid vehicles, two wheels, three wheels and the like are expanded to be connected into charge or used, the alternating current charging socket expansion unit comprises a leakage protector and an overcurrent protector, the CP/CC (charge connection confirmation) detection circuit conforms to the GB/T18487.5 standard, the direct current charging socket is controlled and guided with a vehicle through a PWM duty ratio, and plug and play is realized, the alternating current output terminal is controlled by the core controller, and when power is supplied to the outside, the alternating current charging socket expansion unit conforms to the GB/T18487.4.
6. The universal charging adapter of claim 1, wherein the core controller runs a dynamic power allocation algorithm comprising: The method comprises the steps of acquiring current required power P_r (i) of a power strip in real time, monitoring current available total power P_in of a direct current input interface unit from an external direct current pile in real time, wherein P_in is less than or equal to P load , calculating total required power P_s=ΣP_r (i), distributing P_alloc (i) =P_r (i) according to requirements when P_s is less than or equal to P_in, distributing according to a preset priority rule when P_s is greater than P_in, wherein the preset priority rule comprises that an alternating current load group priority is higher than a direct current quick charging terminal, the power strip priority is higher than an alternating current slow charging terminal in consideration of power supply of a system battery of a power strip output loop, the direct current quick charging terminal corresponds to a low-SOC vehicle priority higher than a high-SOC vehicle, and the alternating current slow charging terminal corresponds to the low-SOC vehicle priority higher than the high-SOC vehicle when the alternating current slow charging interface is expanded. The algorithm recalculates once every 100ms and dynamically adjusts the allocated power of each terminal. The number of the direct current quick charging terminals is Ndc, each terminal has real-time required power P_demand (i), and the maximum output capacity of each terminal is limited by hardware, namely P_demand (i) is more than or equal to P_in, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to Ndc. Sigma is the sum. The method comprises the steps that an alternating-current slow charging terminal and a power strip are defined as an alternating-current load group, the total required power Pac_demand of the alternating-current load group is the sum of the charging power of the alternating-current slow charging terminal, the power strip and a system battery, and the policy requires that Pac_reserve power be reserved for the alternating-current group preferentially, wherein Pac_reserve is less than or equal to Pi. When a single direct current quick charging terminal is charged, all available power P_in is distributed to the single direct current quick charging terminal, so that maximum power output is realized, namely, the maximum power obtained from an external direct current quick charging pile is distributed to the direct current quick charging terminal. When the plurality of direct-current quick charge terminals are charged and no alternating-current load group is loaded, and when the SOCs are the same, P_in is evenly distributed among Ndc terminals, and each terminal distributes power P_alloc (i) =P_in/Ndc, but does not exceed the respective requirement P_demand (i). When the vehicle SOCs are different, ,P_alloc_soclow(i)=P_demand_soclow(i),P_alloc_sochigh(i)= (P_in-ΣP_alloc_soclow(i))/ Ndc_high,P_alloc_soclow(i) allocates power to the low-SOC vehicle, P_alloc_sochgh (i) allocates power to the high-SOC vehicle, P_demand_soclow (i) allocates power to the low-SOC vehicle, and Ndc _high allocates power to the high-SOC vehicle. When the plurality of direct current quick charging terminals are charged and an alternating current load group is loaded, pac_reserve power is reserved in P_in for the alternating current load group, namely Pac_reserve=Pi. And the residual power Prest =P_in-Pac_reserve distributes the direct-current fast charging terminal. If Prest is less than or equal to 0, the alternating current load group is preferentially ensured, and the direct current quick charging terminal does not distribute load, and the situation is treated as a boundary. If Prest >0, the DC terminals evenly distribute Prest power and take into account demand constraints. The load distribution scheme in the alternating current load group is that the sum of the alternating current slow charging terminal requirement (7 kW) and the charging power Pb of the system battery is preferentially met in the reserved Pac_reserve, and the rest part is reserved for the rest alternating current slow charging terminals (including the expansion of the three-phase alternating current slow charging terminal requirement) and the power strip, but the total power does not exceed Pi. If the ac load group demand exceeds Pi, the limitation is proportionally performed. When the demand is smaller than Pi, i.e. pac_reserve < Pi, the residual power can be redistributed to the direct current, i.e. the output power, to execute the dynamic distribution concept. If P_in < Pac_demand, the boundary processing condition is that the alternating current load group is preferentially satisfied, and at most, the power of P_in is satisfied, and the direct current fast charging terminal is distributed to be zero. If Ndc is 0 and P_in < Pac_demand, then the AC load bank can only get P_in. If the demand of a certain direct current terminal is smaller than the average distribution scheme, the demand constraint needs to be considered. Wherein the average allocation considers the demand constraint, allocates the total power P_in or Prest to Ndc terminals, each terminal has the demand P_demand (i), requires each terminal to allocate the power P_alloc (i) less than or equal to P_demand (i), and makes all P_alloc (i) equal as much as possible, and does not exceed P_in or Prest. I.e. performing a max-min fairness allocation scheme. The maximum and minimum fair allocation step is to initialize all terminals, the remaining power, that is, p_in or Prest, is defined as Pr1, and the set of terminals to which power is not allocated is u= {1, 2. Calculating a current average value Pavg=Pr1/Ndc, if the P_demand (i) is less than or equal to Pavg, removing i from U, pr1=Pr1-P_demand (i), and restarting the cycle. If all P_demand (i) > Pavg, each terminal allocates Pavg. After the flow is finished, all terminals obtain the power distribution value considering the own demand. The dynamic allocation concept is that P_in is obtained after an external direct current quick charging pile is inserted. The core controller acquires the terminal state including information of connection state, demand, fault and the like in real time through an internal CAN bus, and updates the Ndc, the P_demand (i) and the AC load group Pac_demand. when the reassignment scheme occurs, a power assignment algorithm is performed. The reassignment scheme comprises the steps of accessing or expanding a new terminal, disconnecting an existing terminal, enabling the change of the required power of any terminal to exceed a threshold value, such as 3kW, notifying the change of P_in by an external pile, and periodically polling. When the power distribution algorithm is executed, the algorithm is called according to the current state to obtain a distribution value P_alloc (i) of each terminal, a power instruction is issued to each terminal controller through the CAN bus, and the terminal power output is realized by means of DC/DC power adjustment and a parallel DC/DC switch module. And outputting corresponding power through the CP signal for the alternating current load group. When the distributed power is changed, a soft start mode is adopted, and the output is regulated with a certain slope, so that the current fluctuation impact is avoided. if the power of the external pile is reduced, the emergency power reduction is triggered, and the charged terminal is preferentially ensured to be cut down in proportion.
7. The universal charging adapter of claim 1, further comprising a redundant design, the redundant design comprising: The power supply redundancy, the power module is configured according to N+1, the total power P_in is configured with a plurality of DC/DC switch modules, the DC/DC power regulation module is used for outputting an inverter with rated power Pi, 1 hot backup module is arranged, the controller redundancy, the core controller adopts a dual-machine hot backup architecture, the main-standby switching time is less than 100ms, the communication redundancy, the CAN bus adopts a dual-path redundancy design, the CAN bus is automatically switched to a standby CAN when the main CAN fails, the contactor redundancy is realized, the key channel is configured with a bypass contactor, and the standby channel CAN be switched when the contactor fails.
8. The universal charging adapter of claim 1, wherein the input interface unit supports input power expansion, comprising: The device comprises a core controller, a double-way input interface, an expansion interface and a control module, wherein the double-way input interface is provided with two direct current input sockets conforming to the GB/T20234.3 standard and used for being connected into two external direct current quick charging piles in parallel, the parallel control module is connected to the core controller and used for coordinating the power superposition and current sharing control of double-way input, and the expansion interface is used for connecting an additional power distribution unit and an output terminal.
9. The universal charging adapter of claim 1, wherein said adapter further comprises: The virtual battery parameter generation module is operated on the core controller and is used for dynamically generating virtual battery parameters reported to the external direct current pile according to the current accessed load condition, wherein the virtual battery parameters comprise virtual battery capacity, virtual SOC (system on a chip), virtual required voltage and virtual current, so that the external direct current pile is considered to charge a real electric vehicle, and the virtual battery parameter generation module and the protocol conversion engine work cooperatively to realize seamless handshake and continuous charging of the external direct current pile and the adapter.
10. The universal charging adapter of claim 1, wherein said adapter further comprises: the system power supply battery pack provides power for the core controller and the terminal controller, provides wake-up power for the external pile, and can be charged by 220V mains supply output by the inversion module. Power allocation performs the dynamic power allocation algorithm.

Description

Universal charging adapter suitable for direct-current quick-charging pile and control method thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of electric automobile charging, and particularly relates to a charging pile adapter compatible with various charging standards, in particular to a universal charging adapter which can be used with a main stream direct current quick charging pile in the market in a plug-and-play manner and realize multi-type output and dynamic power distribution. Background Diversified electric vehicles bring convenience to the life of people, but because the standards are not uniform, the motor home, part of the hybrid motor vehicle type, and electric 'two-wheel', 'three-wheel', 'laozhen' cannot be charged based on the mainstream direct current quick charging pile. The direct current charging pile of the charging station is difficult to expand due to factors such as sites and investment, and the charging peak time period from holidays to weekends and the like is often difficult to solve by one pile, so that inconvenience is brought to the travel of people. In the prior art, a charging pile is usually used as an independent charging station device, special power distribution and installation are needed, and the charging pile cannot be matched with an existing direct-current quick charging pile. The existing power distribution scheme of the charging pile mostly adopts a matrix structure, and the system has high complexity and high cost. Although some flexible power distribution methods have been proposed, there is no universal adapter solution capable of using external dc fast charging piles as power sources, implementing multiple types of output and protocol conversion. In the prior art, the functions of a direct current charging interface, an alternating current charging interface and a mains supply socket are not expanded based on an external direct current quick charging pile. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a universal charging adapter for a direct current quick charging pile, which can realize power redistribution and multi-system and multi-interface output with a main current direct current quick charging pile on the market in a plug-and-play manner. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: universal charging adapter suitable for direct current quick charging pile and control method thereof, comprising: The direct current input interface unit is in accordance with the GB/T20234.3 standard and is used for physical connection with the direct current quick-charging pile of the applicable object, and handshake and power negotiation are carried out on the direct current quick-charging pile of the applicable object through a communication protocol in accordance with the GB/T27930 standard; Further, the direct current input interface unit of the adapter accords with the GB/T20234.3 standard, rated current can be set to be 250A, and a rated current expansion function is reserved. The number of the reserved direct current charging sockets is 1, and external direct current quick charging pile double-gun parallel charging can be realized in an expanding mode. And the physical connection with an external direct current quick charging pile is realized based on the direct current charging socket. The CC1/CC2 detection circuit adopts a voltage comparator and an MCU to detect, the precision is +/-1%, and the connection state of the gun head is confirmed. The low-voltage auxiliary power supply 12V/24V can be switched to provide a wake-up power supply for the external pile. The CAN communication interface adopts an isolated CAN transceiver with TVS protection and communicates with an external direct current quick charging pile. The direct current contactor supports 1000V at maximum, and is provided with auxiliary contacts. The direct current input interface unit comprises a pre-charging circuit, a pre-charging resistor and a relay, and prevents input of impact current. Compared with the prior art, the direct-current quick-charging pile is used as an external power source to perform power redistribution and direct-current conversion, the double-gun parallel charging expansion of an external direct-current quick-charging gun can be realized, the problems that a direct-current quick-charging interface is not compatible with an alternating-current slow-charging interface and charging of a commercial power socket cannot be realized are solved based on a vehicle visual angle, and the pre-charging circuit is arranged to realize safe and stable direct-current electric energy input and collection. Further, the direct current input interface unit and the reserved direct current charging socket support bidirectional protocol adaptation, and can be used as a vehicle end to communicate with an external direct current quick charging pile and a charger end to communicate with an adapter internal terminal. Th