CN-121990010-A - Automatic secondary locking device and locking method for bottom door of railway hopper car

CN121990010ACN 121990010 ACN121990010 ACN 121990010ACN-121990010-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic secondary locking device for a bottom door of a railway vehicle, a hopper car and a locking method, and relates to the technical field of railway trucks. The invention aims to solve the problem that the bottom door is accidentally opened due to vibration rebound of the existing dead point self-locking mechanism. The device comprises a driving arm, a triggering component, a transmission component and a locking mechanism. The transmission component adopts an inclined hole/chute mechanism and a guide roller structure, and the touch retraction motion of the trigger component is converted into the unlocking motion of the locking piece. When the device works, the pressure of the ground touching facility is utilized to firstly release the secondary locking, and then the driving arm is pushed to rotate to break the dead point primary locking and door opening. The invention realizes the full automatic process of 'first unlocking and then opening door' through mechanical linkage, has stable structure and strong anti-seismic performance, and obviously improves the safety of vehicle operation.

Inventors

WANG YONG
GAO KEYANG
ZANG GUOQUN
XU YONG
LI XIAOJUN
YU HONG
WANG XUEJUN
LIU HAITAO
BAI RAN
CHEN WEI

Assignees

中车株洲车辆有限公司
中车长江运输设备集团有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260129

Claims (10)

1. An automatic secondary locking device of a railway vehicle bottom door, which is used for matching with ground touching facilities to work, and is characterized by comprising: The driving arm is connected with the bottom door opening and closing main shaft and can rotate around the axis of the bottom door opening and closing main shaft to drive the bottom door to be opened or closed; the trigger assembly is movably mounted at the end part of the driving arm and is provided with a first position extending out relative to the driving arm and a second position retracting back relative to the driving arm; The locking mechanism comprises a first locking piece and a second locking piece, wherein the second locking piece is fixedly arranged on a mounting seat of a main shaft for opening and closing a bottom door, the first locking piece is movably arranged on the driving arm, and The transmission assembly is connected with the trigger assembly and the first locking piece; Wherein when the trigger assembly is in a first position, the transmission assembly drives the first locking member to move to a locking position, and in the locking position, the first locking member and the second locking member abut against each other to prevent the driving arm from rotating; when the trigger component moves from a first position to a second position under the action of external force, the trigger component drives the first locking piece to move from a locking position to an unlocking position through the transmission component, and in the unlocking position, the first locking piece is separated from the second locking piece to allow the driving arm to rotate.
2. The automatic secondary locking device for a bottom door of a railway vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the locking device further comprises a resilient return member having one end connected to the drive arm and the other end connected to the trigger assembly, the resilient return member being configured to apply a biasing force to maintain the trigger assembly in the first position and to maintain the first locking member in the locked position.
3. The automatic secondary locking device for the bottom door of the railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the triggering component comprises a touch head, a guide hole or a chute is formed at the end part of the driving arm, and the touch head is slidably arranged in the guide hole or the chute; the contact head is configured to be pressed to retract inwardly along the guide hole or chute when in contact with an initial section of a ground contact facility while traveling with a vehicle.
4. The automatic secondary locking device for bottom doors of railway vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that said contact head comprises a bracket and a roller mounted on the bracket, the axis of said roller being parallel to the rotation axis of said driving arm.
5. The automatic secondary locking device for bottom doors of railway vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the transmission assembly comprises at least one connecting rod, one end of the connecting rod is hinged to the first locking piece, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the triggering assembly; And the trigger component is provided with an inclined hole or an inclined groove, and one end of the connecting rod is connected into the inclined hole or the inclined groove. The inclined hole or the inclined groove converts the up-down or telescopic movement of the bracket into the front-back movement of the connecting rod, so that the first locking piece is driven to move between the locking position and the unlocking position.
6. The automatic secondary locking device for a bottom door of a railway vehicle as claimed in claim 5, wherein the transmission assembly further comprises a guide structure comprising a guide support; The guide support is provided with a pair of horizontal rollers which are horizontally arranged and are used for limiting the up-and-down movement of the connecting rod and/or The guide support is provided with a pair of vertical rollers which are vertically arranged and are used for limiting the left-right swing of the connecting rod; The connecting rod passes through between the horizontal roller and/or the vertical roller.
7. The automatic secondary locking device for bottom doors of railway vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the first locking piece is constructed as a rocker arm structure, the driving arm is hinged with the rocker arm structure, one end of the rocker arm structure is connected with the connecting rod, and the other end forms a blocking part for being matched with the second locking piece; The blocking part of the first locking piece and the second locking piece are respectively provided with a matched guide inclined plane, and the guide inclined planes are configured to be contacted with the guide inclined plane of the second locking piece and generate thrust when the driving arm is rotated and reset from the opening position to the closing position, so that the first locking piece is forced to move towards the unlocking position temporarily until the driving arm passes through the second locking piece and is reset to the locking position under the action of elastic force.
8. The automatic secondary locking device for bottom doors of railway vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the second locking piece is fixed on a bottom door opening and closing main shaft mounting seat on the rotation path of the driving arm; Under the locking state, the first locking piece is located below the second locking piece, a safety gap is reserved between the first locking piece and the second locking piece, and the bottom door opening corresponding to the safety gap is smaller than the dead point opening of the bottom door mechanism.
9. A method for automatically locking a bottom door of a railroad hopper car using the automatic secondary locking apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising the steps of: A contact step of moving the vehicle to enable the ground touching facility to contact the trigger assembly at the end part of the driving arm; The vehicle continues to move, the ground touching facility applies pressure to the triggering assembly to force the triggering assembly to retract relative to the driving arm, the retracting motion of the triggering assembly is converted into the movement of the first locking piece through the transmission assembly, the first locking piece is separated from the second locking piece, and the rotation restriction on the driving arm is released; And the opening step is that the vehicle continues to move, and the ground touching facility pushes the unlocked driving arm to rotate around the main opening and closing shaft of the bottom door, so that the bottom door is opened.
10. The method for automatically locking a bottom door of a railroad hopper car as set forth in claim 9, further comprising the step of automatically locking: The vehicle runs through a door closing touch facility, and the driving arm is pushed to reversely rotate and reset; When the driving arm rotates to be close to the closing position, the first locking piece contacts with the second locking piece, and the first locking piece is forced to overcome the elastic force to return by utilizing the inclined plane fit between the first locking piece and the second locking piece; When the first locking piece passes over the second locking piece, the first locking piece automatically pops up to the locking position under the action of elastic force, and secondary locking is completed.

Description

Automatic secondary locking device and locking method for bottom door of railway hopper car Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of railway wagon accessories, in particular to an automatic bottom door secondary locking device for a railway hopper car, the hopper car comprising the device and a corresponding automatic secondary locking method. Background Railway hopper cars are widely used for the transportation of bulk cargoes such as coal, ore and the like. In order to achieve efficient unloading, modern hopper cars are typically equipped with a "dead-center self-locking lateral bottom door opening and closing mechanism". The principle of dead-center self-locking refers to that when a connecting rod system in a bottom door opening and closing mechanism is closed to the bottom, a key hinge point of the connecting rod system passes through a three-point collinear geometrical dead-center position. In this state, the weight of the goods borne by the bottom door does not generate moment for opening the door any more, but instead is converted into moment for forcing the mechanism to further press the limiting block, so that self-locking (primary locking) of the mechanism is realized theoretically. The mechanism can realize the function of walking and unloading at the same time, namely, the vehicle runs at a low speed under traction, and the touch arm of the bottom door of the vehicle is touched through the touch table (or called unloading ramp) installed on the ground, so that the dead point resistance is forcedly overcome and the bottom door is pushed to rotate, thereby opening the bottom door. However, in practical use, there is a significant safety risk in this single over-dead-point locking mode: dynamic failure, namely severe up-and-down vibration and side impact can be generated in the running process of the vehicle. If the mechanism is designed to have a small over-dead-point, or if the pin is worn and the gap is increased due to long-term use, the vibration may cause the mechanism to "jump back" to the outside of the dead-point momentarily. Once the dead point is passed, the gravity of the goods is immediately converted into huge moment for opening the door, so that the bottom door is accidentally opened. The operation is not in place, if the mechanism is not completely rotated beyond the dead point due to the jamming of the foreign matters in the door closing process, the bottom door looks like to be closed but is actually in an unstable critical state, and the bottom door is very easy to loosen in operation. To prevent the above-mentioned accidents, the existing solutions are usually to add a manual secondary locking device. The device generally comprises a stop welded to the spindle base and a support device hinged to the feeler arm. When unloading is needed, the supporting device is manually rotated to the unlocking position, and after unloading is finished, the supporting device is manually rotated back to the locking position. The mode has the defects of low efficiency, leakage detection operation (vehicle overturning or unlocking accident is caused) caused by artificial negligence, and the like. Therefore, an automatic secondary locking technology capable of compensating the dead point self-locking defect and without manual intervention is urgently needed at present. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing railway hopper car bottom door dead point self-locking mechanism is easy to fail under vibration or abrasion working conditions to cause accidental opening, and the existing manual secondary locking device is low in efficiency and poor in safety. To solve the above technical problems, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an automatic secondary locking device for a bottom door of a railway vehicle, for cooperating with a ground touching facility, comprising: The driving arm is connected with the bottom door opening and closing main shaft and can rotate around the axis of the bottom door opening and closing main shaft to drive the bottom door to be opened or closed; the trigger assembly is movably mounted at the end part of the driving arm and is provided with a first position extending out relative to the driving arm and a second position retracting back relative to the driving arm; The locking mechanism comprises a first locking piece and a second locking piece, wherein the second locking piece is fixedly arranged on a mounting seat of a main shaft for opening and closing a bottom door, the first locking piece is movably arranged on the driving arm, and The transmission assembly is connected with the trigger assembly and the first locking piece; Wherein when the trigger assembly is in a first position, the transmission assembly drives the first locking member to move to a locking position, and in the locking position, the first locking member and the second locking member abut against each other to prevent