CN-121990604-A - Mesoporous nano material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a mesoporous nano material, a preparation method and application thereof. The mesoporous nanomaterial is composed of semiconductor metal oxide tin dioxide nanoparticles. The material has a unique mesoporous structure and a large specific surface area, the sensor has good linear response to hydrogen with different concentrations, the actual hydrogen detection is very simple and convenient, in addition, the sensor still has a high response value to hydrogen with the concentration as low as 25ppb, has stable physicochemical properties, can still maintain stable response in multiple cycle tests and long-term tests, and has excellent stability.

Inventors

• FENG LIANG
• HE JIANWANG
• MENG HU

Assignees

• 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所

Dates

Publication Date

20260508

Application Date

20241104

Claims (9)

1. 1. A mesoporous nano material is characterized in that, The mesoporous nanomaterial consists of semiconductor metal oxide tin dioxide nanoparticles; the diameter of the semiconductor metal oxide tin dioxide nano particles is 100-300 nm; The pore diameter of the mesoporous nano material is 3-300 nm; The specific surface area of the mesoporous nano material is 5-200 m 2 /g.
2. 2. A method for preparing mesoporous nanomaterial according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: mixing a tin source with water, adding a template agent, adding alkali, reacting, washing, centrifuging, drying and calcining to obtain the mesoporous nano material.
3. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The tin source is at least one selected from stannous chloride, stannous sulfate and stannic chloride; the template agent is at least one selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and polyethylene glycol; the molecular weight of the template agent is 10000-2000000; The alkali is at least one selected from sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution and ammonia water.
4. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The dosage ratio of the tin source to the water is (1-10) (10-3000); The dosage ratio of the template agent to the tin source is (1-10): 0.1-100.
5. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein, Stirring is kept in the mixing process, and the stirring speed is 400-700 rpm; the drying temperature is 40-80 ℃; The drying time is 3-48 h; the calcining temperature is 300-800 ℃; the calcination time is 0.5-10 h; the temperature rising rate of the calcination is 0.5-10 ℃ per minute.
6. 6. A sensing film is characterized in that, Is composed of the mesoporous nano material of claim 1.
7. 7. A hydrogen sensor is characterized in that, A sensor film according to claim 6.
8. 8. The hydrogen sensor of claim 7, wherein the operating temperature of the hydrogen sensor is 100-300 ℃.
9. 9. The hydrogen sensor of claim 7, wherein the operating temperature of the hydrogen sensor is 160-240 ℃.

Description

Mesoporous nano material and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The application relates to a mesoporous nano material, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of sensors. Background Greenhouse effect caused by shortage of energy and increase of non-renewable energy consumption such as fossil fuel is a troublesome problem faced by human beings in the 21 st century. Hydrogen has the advantages of high energy density, environmental friendliness, wide sources and the like, and is considered to be the most promising clean energy source for replacing the conventional energy source. Hydrogen is now widely used in hydrogen fuel cell automobiles, hydrogen power generation, industrial synthesis of ammonia, methanol, and other chemicals, as well as fuel in the aerospace industry. From the production, storage, transportation and use of hydrogen to the recycling, a global hydrogen energy industry chain is formed. Hydrogen, however, is a colorless, odorless, flammable, explosive gas that must be stored and used at high pressure and low temperature. Hydrogen leakage is dangerous. Thus, it is very necessary and critical to detect hydrogen in real time. In the past decades, metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors have been widely used in gas detection due to their low cost, small size, ease of manufacture, and other advantages. The principle of operation of a metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor is based on the change in conductivity caused by the interaction of oxygen with a target gas at the surface of the metal oxide semiconductor material. Tin dioxide, which is a typical n-type semiconductor, is very suitable for gas-sensitive applications due to its wide bandgap, excellent electrical characteristics and good stability, and has been widely used in gas-sensitive applications. Thus, tin dioxide has the potential to achieve high performance hydrogen detection. However, tin dioxide, which is generally used for hydrogen sensing, has many disadvantages including low sensitivity, unsatisfactory selectivity, high detection limit, and the like. The development of high performance hydrogen sensors based on tin dioxide is a great challenge and urgent need currently faced. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a high-performance hydrogen sensor that can generate a high response to hydrogen, can detect even hydrogen having an extremely low concentration, and has advantages of good selectivity, circularity, stability, and the like. According to one aspect of the present application, there is provided a mesoporous nanomaterial consisting of semiconductor metal oxide tin dioxide nanoparticles; the diameter of the semiconductor metal oxide tin dioxide nano particles is 100-300 nm; The pore diameter of the mesoporous nano material is 3-300 nm; The specific surface area of the mesoporous nano material is 5-200 m 2/g. According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a method for preparing the mesoporous nanomaterial described above, comprising the steps of: and uniformly mixing a tin source with water, adding a template agent, stirring, adding alkali, stirring, reacting, washing, centrifuging, drying and calcining to obtain the mesoporous nano material. The tin source is at least one selected from stannous chloride, stannous sulfate and stannic chloride; the template agent is at least one selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and polyethylene glycol; the molecular weight of the template agent is 10000-2000000; the alkali is at least one selected from sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution and ammonia water; The concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.01-2 mol/L; the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 0.01-2 mol/L; the concentration of the ammonia water is 20% -28%; the dosage ratio of the tin source to the water is (1-10) (10-3000); The dosage ratio of the template agent to the tin source is (1-10) (0.1-100); stirring is kept in the mixing process, and the stirring speed is 400-700 rpm; the drying temperature is 40-80 ℃; The drying time is 3-48 h; the calcining temperature is 300-800 ℃; the calcination time is 0.5-10 h; the temperature rising rate of the calcination is 0.5-10 ℃ per minute. The washing liquid is water and ethanol. According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a sensing film composed of the above mesoporous nanomaterial. According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a hydrogen sensor comprising the above-described sensing film. The working temperature of the hydrogen sensor is 100-300 ℃. Optionally, the working temperature of the hydrogen sensor is 160-240 ℃. The hydrogen sensor consists of a sensing film, a heating wire, a ceramic tube with an electrode and an insulating matri